The dissolving behaviour of Nb and Ti carbonitride precipitates inmicroalloyed steels during isothermal holding at 1300℃ was investigated by Transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM) and energy dispersion x-ray spectrum ...The dissolving behaviour of Nb and Ti carbonitride precipitates inmicroalloyed steels during isothermal holding at 1300℃ was investigated by Transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM) and energy dispersion x-ray spectrum (EDX). It was found that all precipitates inNb-Ti microalloyed steel are (Nb, Ti)(C, N). With holding time increasing, the atomic ratio of Nb/Tiin precipitates decrease gradually. These precipitates still existe even after holding for 48 h at1300℃ while Nb(C, N) precipitates dissolve away in Nb microalloyed steel only after 4 h at the sametemperature. These results show that formation and thermostability of precipitates are considerablyinfluenced by interaction between Nb and Ti.展开更多
The oxidation behaviors of three austenitic cast steels with different morphologies of primary carbides at 950℃ in air were investigated using scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy,and focused i...The oxidation behaviors of three austenitic cast steels with different morphologies of primary carbides at 950℃ in air were investigated using scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy,and focused ion beam/transmission electron microscopy.Their oxidation kinetics followed a logarithmic law,and the oxidation rate can be significantly decreased as long as a continuous silica layer formed at the scale/substrate interface.When the local Si concentration was inadequate,internal oxidation occurred beneath the oxide scale.The spallation of oxides during cooling can be inhibited with the formation of internal oxidation,owing to the reduced mismatch stress between the oxide scale and the substrate.The“Chinese-script”primary Nb(C,N)was superior to the dispersed primary Nb(C,N)in suppressing the oxidation penetration in the interdendritic region by supplying a high density of quick-diffusion Cr channels.In addition,the innermost and outermost oxidation layers were enriched with Cr,whereas the Cr evaporation in the outermost layer was significant when the water vapor concentration in the environment was high enough.These findings further the understanding regarding the oxidation behavior of austenitic cast steels and will promote the alloy development for exhaust components.展开更多
简述了微合金钢中微量元素 Nb 的主要作用,回顾了应变诱导析出的研究方法及优缺点,阐明了变形奥氏体应变诱导析出相的种类,晶体结构,析出相的形成顺序、形貌和分布,分析了影响析出动力学的主要因素并简要介绍了应变诱导析出动力学模型...简述了微合金钢中微量元素 Nb 的主要作用,回顾了应变诱导析出的研究方法及优缺点,阐明了变形奥氏体应变诱导析出相的种类,晶体结构,析出相的形成顺序、形貌和分布,分析了影响析出动力学的主要因素并简要介绍了应变诱导析出动力学模型的最新发展。展开更多
Thermal simulation test, TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) and nanobeamEDS (Energy Dispersed x-ray Spectrum) techniques were used to investigate the precipitation behaviorof Nb, Ti, Mo etc. in HSLA (High Strength...Thermal simulation test, TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) and nanobeamEDS (Energy Dispersed x-ray Spectrum) techniques were used to investigate the precipitation behaviorof Nb, Ti, Mo etc. in HSLA (High Strength Low Alloy) steel. The strain induced precipitationoccurred during the isothermal relaxation stage after deformed in the non-recrystallizationtemperature region. After 30% predeformation at 850 and 900℃, there are two kinds of particles,(Ti,Nb)(C,N) and a few Nb(C,N), to precipitate during holding. The content of Nb in particles riseswith the relaxation time increasing. During the final holding stage, some Nb and Ti atoms in thelattice sites of the precipitates would be replaced by Mo atoms, and the Mo content in theprecipitates increases with the relaxation time. The results were compared with the refinementeffect of microstructures caused by relaxation-precipitation controlling transformation (RPC)processing.展开更多
文摘为了获得具有良好组织和性能的堆焊层,以传统Fe-Cr-C合金体系为基础,通过调节药芯焊丝配方中铌铁和氮化铁的含量配比,研究了堆焊层中Nb和N元素对堆焊层组织和力学性能的影响.利用扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜对堆焊层的显微组织进行分析,并采用能谱仪对分析位置的元素种类和元素含量进行标注测量.采用X射线衍射仪对堆焊层的相组成进行测量,同时对堆焊层的硬度及耐磨损性能进行了研究.结果表明:当N元素的质量分数为3%,Nb元素的质量分数为10%时,堆焊层组织由马氏体、残余奥氏体、M_7C_3、NbN等相组成,此时堆焊层硬度达到最高值58.6 HRC,磨损失重达到最低值0.173 g.
基金The work was financially supported by National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (No. G1998061507)
文摘The dissolving behaviour of Nb and Ti carbonitride precipitates inmicroalloyed steels during isothermal holding at 1300℃ was investigated by Transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM) and energy dispersion x-ray spectrum (EDX). It was found that all precipitates inNb-Ti microalloyed steel are (Nb, Ti)(C, N). With holding time increasing, the atomic ratio of Nb/Tiin precipitates decrease gradually. These precipitates still existe even after holding for 48 h at1300℃ while Nb(C, N) precipitates dissolve away in Nb microalloyed steel only after 4 h at the sametemperature. These results show that formation and thermostability of precipitates are considerablyinfluenced by interaction between Nb and Ti.
基金finacially supported by the University Research Program between Ford Motor Company and the University of Science and Technology Beijing,and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.FRF-IC-16-005 and FRF-IC-19-009)。
文摘The oxidation behaviors of three austenitic cast steels with different morphologies of primary carbides at 950℃ in air were investigated using scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy,and focused ion beam/transmission electron microscopy.Their oxidation kinetics followed a logarithmic law,and the oxidation rate can be significantly decreased as long as a continuous silica layer formed at the scale/substrate interface.When the local Si concentration was inadequate,internal oxidation occurred beneath the oxide scale.The spallation of oxides during cooling can be inhibited with the formation of internal oxidation,owing to the reduced mismatch stress between the oxide scale and the substrate.The“Chinese-script”primary Nb(C,N)was superior to the dispersed primary Nb(C,N)in suppressing the oxidation penetration in the interdendritic region by supplying a high density of quick-diffusion Cr channels.In addition,the innermost and outermost oxidation layers were enriched with Cr,whereas the Cr evaporation in the outermost layer was significant when the water vapor concentration in the environment was high enough.These findings further the understanding regarding the oxidation behavior of austenitic cast steels and will promote the alloy development for exhaust components.
基金This work was financially supported by the national key basic research and development program of China (No.G1998061507).
文摘Thermal simulation test, TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) and nanobeamEDS (Energy Dispersed x-ray Spectrum) techniques were used to investigate the precipitation behaviorof Nb, Ti, Mo etc. in HSLA (High Strength Low Alloy) steel. The strain induced precipitationoccurred during the isothermal relaxation stage after deformed in the non-recrystallizationtemperature region. After 30% predeformation at 850 and 900℃, there are two kinds of particles,(Ti,Nb)(C,N) and a few Nb(C,N), to precipitate during holding. The content of Nb in particles riseswith the relaxation time increasing. During the final holding stage, some Nb and Ti atoms in thelattice sites of the precipitates would be replaced by Mo atoms, and the Mo content in theprecipitates increases with the relaxation time. The results were compared with the refinementeffect of microstructures caused by relaxation-precipitation controlling transformation (RPC)processing.
