Self-assembled S-scheme In_(2.77)S_(4)/K^(+)-doped g-C_(3)N_(4)photocatalyst with selective O_(2) reduction pathway for efficient H_(2)O_(2) production using water and air

The development of an efficient artificial H_(2)O_(2) photosynthesis system is a challenging work using H_(2)O and O_(2) as starting materials.Herein,3D In_(2.77)S_(4) nanoflower precursor was in-situ deposited on K^(+)-doped g-C_(3)N_(4)(KCN)nanosheets using a solvothermal method,then In_(2.77)S_(4)/KCN(IS/KCN)het-erojunction with an intimate interface was obtained after a calcination process.The investigation shows that the photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2) production rate of 50IS/KCN can reach up to 1.36 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1)without any sacrificial reagents under visible light irradiation,which is 9.2 times and 4.1 times higher than that of KCN and In_(2.77)S_(4)/respectively.The enhanced activity of the above composite can be mainly attributed to the S-scheme charge transfer route between KCN and In_(2.77)S_(4) according to density functional theory calculations,electron paramagnetic resonance and free radical capture tests,leading to an expanded light response range and rapid charge separation at their interface,as well as preserving the active electrons and holes for H_(2)O_(2) production.Besides,the unique 3D nanostructure and surface hydrophobicity of IS/KCN facilitate the diffusion and transportation of O_(2) around the active centers,the energy barriers of O_(2) protonation and H_(2)O_(2) desorption steps are ef-fectively reduced over the composite.In addition,this system also exhibits excellent light harvesting ability and stability.This work provides a potential strategy to explore a sustainable H_(2)O_(2) photo-synthesis pathway through the design of heterojunctions with intimate interfaces and desired reac-tion thermodynamics and kinetics.

First-Principles Investigation of Charge Transfer Mechanism of B-Doped 3C-SiC Semiconductor Material

This study delves into the charge transfer mechanism of boron (B)-doped 3C-SiC through first-principles investigations. We explore the effects of B doping on the electronic properties of 3C-SiC, focusing on a 12.5% impurity concentration. Our comprehensive analysis encompasses structural properties, electronic band structures, and charge density distributions. The optimized lattice constant and band gap energy of 3C-SiC were found to be 4.373 Å and 1.36 eV respectively, which is in agreement with previous research (Bui, 2012;Muchiri et al., 2018). Our results show that B doping narrows the band gap, enhances electrical conductivity, and influences charge transfer interactions. The charge density analysis reveals substantial interactions between B dopants and surrounding carbon atoms. This work not only enhances our understanding of the material’s electronic properties, but also highlights the importance of charge density analysis for characterizing charge transfer mechanisms and their implications in the 3C-SiC semiconductors.

Fabrication of Gd_(2)O_(3)-doped CeO_(2)thin films through DC reactive sputtering and their application in solid oxide fuel cells

Physical vapor deposition(PVD)can be used to produce high-quality Gd_(2)O_(3)-doped CeO2(GDC)films.Among various PVD methods,reactive sputtering provides unique benefits,such as high deposition rates and easy upscaling for industrial applications.GDC thin films were successfully fabricated through reactive sputtering using a Gd_(0.2)Ce_(0.8)(at%)metallic target,and their application in solid oxide fuel cells,such as buffer layers between yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ)/La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O_(3−δ)and as sublayers in the steel/coating system,was evaluated.First,the direct current(DC)reactive-sputtering behavior of the GdCe metallic target was determined.Then,the GDC films were deposited on NiO-YSZ/YSZ half-cells to investigate the influence of oxygen flow rate on the quality of annealed GDC films.The results demonstrated that reactive sputtering can be used to prepare thin and dense GDC buffer layers without high-temperature sintering.Furthermore,the cells with a sputtered GDC buffer layer showed better electrochemical performance than those with a screen-printed GDC buffer layer.In addition,the insertion of a GDC sublayer between the SUS441 interconnects and the Mn-Co spinel coatings contributed to the reduction of the oxidation rate for SUS441 at operating temperatures,according to the area-specific resistance tests.

Nd^(3+):GdScO_(3)晶体场能级及拟合分析

采用提拉法生长出了钕掺杂钪酸钆晶体(Nd^(3+):GdScO_(3)),通过低温吸收光谱和室温发射光谱,对其中Nd^(3+)的实验能级进行分析指认,确定了Nd^(3+):GdScO_(3)的66个实验Stark能级,拟合了其自由离子参数和晶体场参数,拟合均方根误差为13.17 cm^(–1).与Nd^(3+):YAP和Nd^(3+):YAG相比,Nd^(3+):GdScO_(3)的晶场强度较弱.弱的晶体场强度有可能是Nd^(3+):GdScO_(3)晶体具有优良激光特性的原因之一.本文数据集可在https://www.doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.15702中访问获取.

Yb^(3+)/Nd^(3+)掺杂对Sr_(9)Ga(PO_(4))_(7)∶Cr^(3+)发光性能的影响

近红外荧光粉由于其独特的物理特性和广阔的应用前景吸引了人们极大的研究兴趣。本文通过高温固相反应法合成Sr_(9)Ga(PO_(4))_(7)∶0.8Cr^(3+)近红外荧光粉,使用460 nm蓝光激发样品的发射波长位于833 nm,半峰宽为117 nm。随后引入稀土离子合成Sr_(9)Ga(PO_(4))_(7)∶0.8Cr^(3+),Yb^(3+)和Sr_(9)Ga(PO_(4))_(7)∶0.8Cr^(3+),Nd^(3+)近红外荧光粉。相比Sr_(9)Ga(PO_(4))_(7)∶0.8Cr^(3+),460 nm蓝光激发的Sr_(9)Ga(PO_(4))_(7)∶0.8Cr^(3+),Yb^(3+)同时出现Cr^(3+)和Yb^(3+)特征发射峰,经过光谱分析和荧光寿命变化证明Cr^(3+)-Yb^(3+)存在能量传递通道,最高使Cr^(3+)-Yb^(3+)能量传递效率达80.2%,得益于Yb^(3+)卓越的热稳定性促使整体荧光光谱热稳定性提高约3.7倍。设计合成的Sr_(9)Ga(PO_(4))_7∶0.8Cr^(3+),Nd^(3+)样品调制出833,876,1 060 nm的多峰发射,显著拓宽了近红外光谱范围。最终,讨论了荧光粉在温度传感和无损检测领域的应用,证明该系列荧光粉具有广阔的应用前景。

Nd^(3+)掺杂钙钛锆石(Ca_(1-x)Nd_(x)ZrTi_(2)O_(7+x/2))相变行为的研究

为研究钙钛锆石对放射性元素Am^(3+)的稳定固化作用,以Nd^(3+)为Am^(3+)的模拟元素,系统研究了高温固相法制备Ca_(1-x)Nd_(x)ZrTi_(2)O_(7+x/2)时,Nd^(3+)异价取代钙钛锆石晶格中Ca^(2+)位(0≤x≤1.0)所导致的相态演变行为。合成Ca_(1-x)Nd_(x)ZrTi_(2)O_(7+x/2)的XRD、Raman、BSE和EDS测试结果表明:钙钛锆石(Zirconolite)晶格对Nd^(3+)离子的固溶量可达70%(x=0.7),可有效实现对Am^(3+)模拟元素Nd^(3+)离子的固化。但随着Nd^(3+)掺杂量(x≤0.3)增加,Zirconolite-2M晶格中O^(2-)和Nd^(3+)的无序化程度逐渐增加、(Ca/Nd)-O键长逐渐变小,直至(x=0.4)引起Zr^(2+)、Ti^(4+)附近的O^(2-)配位数发生改变(ZrO7→ZrO8、TiO5→TiO6),Zirconolite-2M晶格结构开始向Zirconolite-4M转变。x=0.5时,陶瓷体完全转变为Zirconolite-4M晶格且O^(2-)和Nd^(3+)有序度重新变高、Ti—O键长增加;直至x=0.6、x=0.7时,陶瓷体仍为单一Zirconolite-4M结构,但晶格中O^(2-)和Nd^(3+)的有序度又逐渐降低,以至于在x=0.7陶瓷体亚晶格中微量Ca^(2+)、Zr^(4+)、Nd^(3+)离子占位转变为烧绿石(Pyrochlore)结构。而在0.8≤x≤0.9范围内,Zirconolite-4M结构完全消失,陶瓷体为多相共存状态(Pyrochlore、ZrTiO_(4)和Nd2(TiZr)_(4)O_(11)物相)。Nd^(3+)完全取代Ca^(2+)位(x=1.0)时,陶瓷体变为单一Nd2(TiZr)_(4)O_(11)固溶体相。陶瓷体晶粒的BSE和EDS分析证实了这种相变规律。

g-C_(3)N_(4)-Nd的制备及其光催化性能

通过热聚合法成功制备了g-C_(3)N_(4)-Nd复合催化剂,利用SEM、XRD、FT-IR和紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪等分析方法探究了其微观形貌、晶体结构和光催化特性。结果显示,g-C_(3)N_(4)-Nd复合催化剂展现出优异的光催化性能,当Nd负载质量分数为1.5%时,光催化降解效果最佳,其对盐酸四环素(TCH)的降解率从51.1%提升至68.5%。经过3次连续的降解试验验证,g-C_(3)N_(4)-Nd复合光催化剂具备优异的重复利用性能。

Preparation and photoelectric properties of Ho^(3+)-doped titanium dioxide nanowire downconversion photoanode

Ho^3＋-doped titanium dioxide（TiO2：Ho^3＋） downconversion（DC） nanowires were synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method followed by a subsequent calcination process after being immersed in Ho（NO3）3 aqueous solution. Moreover, TiO2：Ho^3＋ nanowires（HTNWs） were used as the photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells（DSSCs） to investigate their photoelectric properties. Scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and X-ray diffraction（XRD） were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the material, respectively. The photofluorescence and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of HTNWs reveal a DC from the near and middle ultraviolet light to visible light which matches the strong absorbed region of the N719 dye. Compared with the pure TNW photoanode, HTNWs DC photoanodes show greater photovoltaic efficiency. The photovoltaic conversion efficiency（η） of the DSSCs with HTNWs photoanode doped with 4% Ho2O3（mass fraction） is two times that with pure TNW photoanode. This enhancement could be attributed to HTNWs which could extend the spectral response range of DSSCs to the near and middle ultraviolet region and increase the short-circuit current density（Jsc） of DSSCs, thus leading to the enhancement of photovoltaic conversion efficiency.

Preparation and characterization of Eu^(3+)-doped CaCO_3 phosphor by microwave synthesis

A Eu^3＋-doped CaCO3 phosphor with red emission was prepared by microwave synthesis. The scanning electron microscopy （SEM） image and laser particle size analysis show that the CaCO3：Eu^3＋ particles are needle-like in the length range of 5.0-10.0 μm. The results of X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, and Raman spectroscopy indicate that pure aragonite CaCO3：Eu^3＋ is prepared using microwave irradiation and the Eu^3＋ ion as a luminescence center inhabits the site of Ca^2＋. The photoluminescence excitation （PLE） spectrum shows that the strong broad band at around 270 nm and weak sharp lines in 300-550 nm are assigned to the charge transfer band of Eu^3＋-O^2- and intra-configurational 4f-4f transitions of Eu^3＋, respectively. The photoluminescence （PL） spectrum implies that the red luminescence can be attributed to the transitions from the ^5D0 excited level to the ^7FJ （J = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4） levels of Eu^3＋ ions with the mainly electric dipole transition ^5D0 → ^7F2 （614 and 620 nm）, and the Eu^3＋ ions prefer to occupy the low symmetric site in the crystal lattice.

Green and red up-conversion emissions and thermometric application of Er^(3+) -doped silicate glass

The green and red up-conversion emissions centred at about 534, 549 and 663 nm of wavelength, corresponding respectively to the ^2H11/2 → ^4I15/2, ^4S3/2 → ^4I15/2 and ^4F9/2 → ^4I15/2 transitions of Er^3＋ ions, have been observed for the Er^3＋-doped silicate glass excited by a 978 nm semiconductor laser beam. Excitation power dependent behaviour of the up-conversion emission intensity indicates that a two-photon absorption up-conversion process is responsible for the green and red up-conversion emissions. The temperature dependence of the green up-conversion emissions is also studied in a temperature range of 296-673 K, which shows that Er^3＋-doped silicate glass can be used as a sensor in high-temperature measurement.

Three-photon-excited fluorescence of Tb^(3+)-doped CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2 glass by femtosecond laser irradiation

A near infrared to visible blue, green, and red upconversion luminescence in a Tb^3＋-doped CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass was studied, which was excited using 800 nm femtosecond laser irradiation. The upconversion luminescence was attributed to ^5D3→^7F5, ^5D3→^7F4, ^5D3→^7F3, ^5D4→^7F6, ^5D4→^7F5, ^5D4→^7F4, and ^5D4→^7F3 transitions of Tb^3＋. The relationship between upconversion luminescence intensity and the pump power indicated that a three-photon simultaneous absorption process was dominant in this upconversion luminescence. The intense red, green, and blue upconversion luminescence of Tb^3＋-doped CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass may be potentially useful in developing three-dimensional display applications.

Optical Properties of Nd^3＋ in Nd（DBM）3Phen-doped Poly（methyl methacrylate）

Nd（DBM）3Phen-doped （DBM is dibenzoylmethane and Phen is phenanthroline） polymethyl methacrylate （PMMA） is prepared. Optical absorption, excitation and emission spectra were analyzed for Nd^3＋ in Nd（DBM）3Phen-doped PMMA. Using the Judd-Ofelt theory, the absorption spectrum was analyzed. The Judd-Ofelt（J-O） intensity parameters of Nd（DBM）3Phen-doped polymethyl methacrylate were calculated to be Ω2 = 20.97 × 10^-20 cm^2, Ω4= 3.42 × 10^-20 cm^2, Ω6 = 2.90 × 10^-20 cm^2. The radiative lifetime （631 μs） of the excited 4F3/2 level is given. The stimulated emission cross-sections and the fluorescence branch ratios for the ^4F3/2 →^4Ij′ transitions are also evaluated. Analysis reveals that Nd（DBM）3Phen-doped PMMA is promising for application in polymer optical fibers and planar waveguides.

Tm^(3+)-doped tellurite glass with Yb^(3+) energy sensitized for broadband amplifier at 1400–1700 nm bands

A kind of novel experiment was disclosed as it possessed two bands of fluorescence emission at 1.4 and 1.6 μm, which were perfectly complimentary to the current C band of optic communication. The fluorescence was based on energy transfer and up-conversion processes between Tm^3＋ and Yb^3＋ under direct pumping of 975 nm LD. The spectra and lifetimes of Tm^3＋ fluorescence in the tellurite glass were described. The corresponding fluorescence characteristics and energy migration process were analyzed by the method of lifetime and intensity comparison. The mechanism of the up-conversion based IR fluorescence was presented upon analyzing the multi-photon pumping process. The potential advantages of Tm^3＋/Yb^3＋ co-doped tellurite glass as amplifier material were concluded.

Mechanism and behaviors of Cr3+-doped TiO2

TiO2 powder and TiO2 thin film on the surface of glazed ceramic tile were prepared by sol-gel method.The influences of different doping Cr3+ concentration on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 were discussed, UV-visible and X-ray diffraction analysis were used to test the performance of TiO2 powder and film. The results indicate that photocatalytic activity of doping Cr3+-TiO2 thin film is higher than that of powder, and the interaction between Cr3+-doped and substrate can greatly enhance the photocatalytic activity. The results of X-ray diffraction and photoabsorption show that the Cr3+ -doped energy level in TiO2 is 0. 62 eV high from the top of valence band, which belongs to the type of deep energy level doping. On the basis of the semiconductor energy level theory and Cr3+ dopant energy level, the semiconductor energy level model of Cr3+ in TiO2 powder and thin film were established, and the doping mechanisms of Cr3+-doped in TiO2 powder and thin film were analyzed.

Synthesis of Fe^(3+)-doped Aminated Lignin as A Peroxidase Mimic for Colorimetric Detection of H_(2)O_(2) and Glucose

Peroxidase plays an important role in living systems;however,its storage difficulty and easy inactivation have limited its applications in complex environments.To address these problems,herein,we proposed a method to synthesize peroxidase mimics by amination,carbonization,and Fe^(3+)-doping of industrial alkali lignin.The Fe^(3+)-doped lignin-based peroxidase mimic(Fe-LPM),with active centers of coordination between Fe^(3+)and N atoms,showed higher tolerance to pH value and temperature than natural peroxidase.Using Fe-LPM,10-100 mmol/L of H_(2)O_(2) and glucose could be colorimetrically detected with the lowest detection limits of 80μmol/L and 1.5 mmol/L and visual detection limits of 1.0 mmol/L and 10 mmol/L,respectively.The Fe-LPM maintained peroxidase-like activity after 10 cycles and could even be used for H_(2)O_(2) detection in practical samples.This work not only provides a new approach to synthesize peroxidase mimics using biomass materials but also promotes the high-value utilization of lignin.

Preparation and Spectroscopic Properties of Pr^(3＋)-doped Transparent Glass-ceramic Containing LiYF_4 Nanocrystals

Pr^（3＋）-doped transparent oxyfluoride glass-ceramic containing tetragonal LiYF_4 nanocrystals has been synthesized by melting-quenching method and subsequent thermal treatment and spectroscopic properties of Pr^（3＋） ions were investigated. The crystalline phase and microstructure of the LiYF_4 nanocrystals were studied by X-ray diffraction（XRD） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, respectively. Compared with those of Pr^（3＋）-doped glass（Pr^（3＋）：PG）, the sharp absorption and emission bands of Pr^（3＋）-doped glass-ceramic（Pr^（3＋）：GC） reveal parts of Pr^（3＋） ions are incorporated into LiYF_4 nanocrystals. The peak absorption cross-section at 443 nm（~3H_4 → ~3P_2） adds to 110% and the full width at half maximum（FWHM） for the band around 443 nm reduces from 22 to 14 nm after crystallization. The fluorescence lifetime of the ~3P_0 multiplet of Pr^（3＋） ions increases from 5.35 to 11.14 μs after crystallization. The results indicate that this glass-ceramic is promising to be a visible laser material.

Spectroscopic Properties of Nd^(3+)-Doped Tellurite Glasses

The Nd^3＋-doped pared. The absorption and tellurite glasses were preemission spectra of Nd^3 ＋- doped tellurite glasses at room temperature were measured. The Judd-Ofelt parameters （Ω2, Ω4, Ω6） of the glasses were calculated from measured absorption spectra. The calculation results of luminescence properties （A, β, τrad, σ） of Nd^3＋ ions in the tellurite were glasses were given. Spectroscopic properties, concentration quenching in these kinds of the glasses were investigated. The results indicate that the tellurite glasses with composition of 70% TeO2, 20% ZnO, （ 10 - x ） % La2O3, x % Nd2O3 （ mol% ） show high emission cross section and low phonon energy. The fluorescent intensity and the emission cross section have a maxi- mum value at x = 0.5, namely, the optimum Nd^3 ＋ ion concentration in the tellurite glass is 0.5% （1.93 × 10^20 ions·cm^-3）. The fluorescence properties of Nd^3＋ measured are basically in accord with the calculated results.

Dependence of Thermal Annealing on Transparent Conducting Properties of HoF_3-Doped ZnO Thin Films

A kind of n-type HoF_3-doped zinc oxide-based transparent conductive film has been developed by electron beam evaporation and studied under thermal annealing in air and vacuum at temperatures 100–500℃.Effective substitutional dopings of F to O and Ho to Zn are realized for the films with smooth surface morphology and average grain size of about 50 nm.The hall mobility,electron concentration,resistivity and work function for the asdeposited films are 47.89 cm^2/Vs,1.39×10^(20)cm^(-3),9.37×10^(-4)Ω·cm and 5.069 eV,respectively.In addition,the average transmittance in the visible region(400–700 nm)approximates to 87%.The HoF_3:ZnO films annealed in air and vacuum can retain good optoelectronic properties under 300℃,thereinto,more stable electrical properties can be found in the air-annealed films than in the vacuum-annealed films,which is assumed to be a result of improved nano-crystalline lattice quality.The optimized films for most parameters can be obtained at 200℃ for the air-annealing case and at room temperature for the vacuum annealing case.The advisable optoelectronic properties imply that HoF_3:ZnO can facilitate carrier injection and has promising applications in energy and light sources as transparent electrodes.

Influence of Ga_2O_3 on the Spectroscopic and Lasing Properties of Yb^(3+)-doped Fluorophosphate Glasses

Yb^3＋-doped new gallium-fluorophosphate glasses are prepared, and the influence of Ga2O3 on the physical properties, spectroscopic and lasing properties of yb^3＋-doped fluorophosphate glasses was studied. The results show that the spectroscopic and lasing properties as well as crystallization stability of yb^3＋-doped gallium-fluorophosphate glasses increase with the increasing amount of Ga2O3, fluorescence lifetime, emission cross-section and gain coefficient of yb^3＋-doped gallium-fluorophosphate glasses reach the maximum values at Ga2O3%=8 mol%. The results indicate that yb^3＋-doped gallium-fluorophosphate glasses can be as good candidate for ultra-short pulse lasers.

Structural and Dielectric Properties of Y_2O_3-Doped Ba_(0.92)Sr_(0.08)Ti_(0.95)Sn_(0.05)O_3 Ceramics

The structural and dielectric properties of Ba0.92Sr0.08Ti0.95Sn0.0503 （BSTS） ＋x（molar ratio, %） Y^3＋ceramics are investigated. Combining the lattice parameters and the distortion of crystal lattice, an alternation of substitution preference of Y^3＋ ion for the host cations in perovskite lattice is found. Owing to Y^3- ion entering the A site, the maximum dielectric constant is 5 627 for 1.25% Y^3＋-doped samples; when Y^3- ion is more than 1.25%, it tends to occupy the B site in perovskite lattice, causing a drop in the dielectric constant. Owing to the appearance of oxygen vacancy, the optimized dielectric loss is 0.004 for 1.25% Y^3＋-doped samples. The thermal stability of BSTS ceramics is significantly improved and the Curie temperature shifts to lower value with the amount of Y2O3 increased, making it a superior candidate for capacitor applications.