Laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)remains one of the most commonly performed procedures in adult and paediatric populations.Despite the advances made in intraoperative biliary anatomy recognition,iatrogenic bile duct in...Laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)remains one of the most commonly performed procedures in adult and paediatric populations.Despite the advances made in intraoperative biliary anatomy recognition,iatrogenic bile duct injuries during LC represent a fatal complication and consist an economic burden for healthcare systems.A series of methods have been proposed to prevent bile duct injury,among them the use of indocyanine green(ICG)fluorescence.The most commonly reported method of ICG injection is the intravenous administration,while literature is lacking studies investigating the direct intragallbladder ICG injection.This narrative mini-review aims to assess the potential applications,usefulness,and limitations of intragallbladder ICG fluorescence in LC.Authors screened the available international literature to identify the reports of intragallbladder ICG fluorescence imaging in minimally invasive cholecystectomy,as well as special issues regarding its use.Literature search retrieved four prospective cohort studies,three case-control studies,and one case report.In the three case-control studies selected,intragallbladder near-infrared cholangiography(NIRC)was compared with standard LC under white light,with intravenous administration of ICG for NIRC and with standard intraoperative cholangiography(IOC).In total,133 patients reported in the literature have been administered intragallbladder ICG administration for biliary mapping during LC.Literature includes several reports of intragallbladder ICG administration,but a standardized technique has not been established yet.Published data suggest that NIRC with intragallbladder ICG injection is a promising method to achieve biliary mapping,overwhelming limitations of IOC including intervention and radiation exposure,as well as the high hepatic parenchyma signal and time interval needed in intravenous ICG fluorescence.Evidence-based guidelines on the role of intragallbladder ICG fluorescence in LC require the assessment of further studies and multicenter data collection into large registries.展开更多
Objective:Laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection(LPND),which is an effective therapy for endometrial cancer,is challenging because of the complexity of the procedure and the occurrence of postoperative complication...Objective:Laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection(LPND),which is an effective therapy for endometrial cancer,is challenging because of the complexity of the procedure and the occurrence of postoperative complications.This study aimed to explore whether indocyanine green(ICG)-enhanced nearinfrared(NIR)fluorescence-guided LPND is superior to LPND in the context of early-stage endometrial carcinoma.Methods:In this retrospective study,we included the medical records of 190 patients with early-stage endometrioid adenocarcinoma who underwent LPND at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine between January 2019 and January 2021.Depending on whether ICG-enhanced NIR fluorescence guidance was used,the patients were assigned to the ICG group or non-ICG group.Patients were followed-up for one year after surgery.Data on demographic characteristics,pathological results,operative outcomes,and complications were collected and analyzed.Results:The baseline characteristics were comparable between the ICG group and non-ICG group,including age,BMI,pregnancy history,and preoperative hemoglobin.For surgical outcomes,the patients in ICG group had significantly lower intraoperative blood loss(50 mL vs.120 mL,p<0.001),less postoperative pelvic drainage time(4.14±1.44 d vs.5.70±1.89 d,p¼0.001),shorter duration of hospital stay(5.26±1.41 d vs.7.37±1.85 d,p¼0.003),higher number of positive pelvic lymph nodes(PLNs)(1 vs.0,p¼0.003),and more PLN-positive cases(16.0%vs.3.6%,p¼0.003)than the patients in non-ICG group.However,no significant differences were noted in blood transfusion requirement,operative time,hemoglobin level decreases,number of PLNs harvested,or the presence of lymphocysts between the two groups.Conclusion:Our study showed that ICG-enhanced NIR fluorescence-guided operation may improve the accuracy and safety of LPND.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether a near-infrared fluorescence(NIRF)probe,Cy5.5-d-glucosamine(Cy5.5-2DG),can image arthritis in collagen-induced arthritic(CIA)mice.The presence of arthritis was verif...The purpose of this study is to investigate whether a near-infrared fluorescence(NIRF)probe,Cy5.5-d-glucosamine(Cy5.5-2DG),can image arthritis in collagen-induced arthritic(CIA)mice.The presence of arthritis was verified by both visual examination and micro-computed tomography(MicroCT)imaging.CIA mice were imaged by a micro-positron emission tomography(MicroPET)scanner one hour after intravenous injection of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose([18F]FDG).After radioactivity of[18F]FDG decayed away,Cy5.5-2DG was injected into a lateral tail vein of the mice.Arthritic tissue targeting and retention of Cy5.5-2DG in CIA mice were evaluated and quantified by an optical imaging system.Inflammatory tissue in CIA mice was clearly visualized by[18F]FDG-MicroPET scan.NIRF imaging of Cy5.5-2DG in the same mice revealed that the pattern of localization of Cy5.5-2DG in the arthritic tissue was very similar to that of[18F]FDG.Quantification analysis further showed that[18F]FDG uptake in arthritic tissues at one hour post-injection(p.i.)and Cy5.5-2DG uptakes at different time points p.i.were all well correlated(r2 over 0.65).In conclusion,Cy5.5-DG can detect arthritic tissues in living mice.The good correlation between the[18F]FDG uptake and Cy5.5-2DG accumulation in the same arthritic tissue warrants further investigation of Cy5.5-2DG as an approach for assessment of anti-inflammatory treatments.展开更多
In the medical field, there are growing interests in applied research such as in vivo fluorescence monitoring because of excellent body transmission characteristic of the near-infrared light. However, optical noise by...In the medical field, there are growing interests in applied research such as in vivo fluorescence monitoring because of excellent body transmission characteristic of the near-infrared light. However, optical noise by excitation light and illumination equipment for medical applications such as interior light, surgical light decrease efficiency of the fluorescent signal when observers such as surgeons confirm fluorescence signals in medical field. To solve these problems in medical field, we have analyzed external noise factors by effect on image realization, quantification of optical noise generation by external factors, and have suggested methods of minimize the optical noise in this paper. In case of fluorescence imaging in the operating room, it has been confirmed that fluorescent excitation light, interior light and surgical light are factors to generate optical noise. To acquire near-infrared fluorescence images and to compare fluorescence contrast under conditions of darkroom, interior light and surgical light, light emitting diodes (LEDs) sources that have peak wavelength at 740, 760 and 780 nm respectively were used as excitation light sources. In addition, short-pass filter which has transmission edge at 775 nm has been applied to minimize the optical noise in each external noise factor. By comparing contrast of each image before and after use of the short-pass filter, we confirmed that optical noise reduced 49%, 56% and 66% in external noise factors respectively.展开更多
A new near-infrared fluorophore 2-(2-Aminoethyl) pyridine-tricarbocyanine (1) was rationally designed and synthe-sized as a fluorescent probe for detection of Cu2+ with high selectivity. The response of Probe 1 is bas...A new near-infrared fluorophore 2-(2-Aminoethyl) pyridine-tricarbocyanine (1) was rationally designed and synthe-sized as a fluorescent probe for detection of Cu2+ with high selectivity. The response of Probe 1 is based on the fluorescence quenching upon binding to Cu2+. The sensing performance of the proposed Cu2+-sensitive Probe 1 was then investigated. The probe can be applied to the quantification detection of Cu2+ with a linear concentration range covering from 4.8 × 10-7 to 1.6 × 10-4 mol/L and a detection limit of 9.3 × 10-8 mol/L. The experimental results showed that the response of 1 to Cu2+ was independent of pH in medium condition (pH 6.0-8.0), and exhibited excellent selectivity towards Cu2+ over other common metal cations.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the imaging potential of a novel near-infrared(NIR) probe conjugated to COC183 B2 monoclonal antibodies(MAb) in ovarian cancer(OC).Methods: The expression of OC183 B2 antigen in OC was determine...Objective: To evaluate the imaging potential of a novel near-infrared(NIR) probe conjugated to COC183 B2 monoclonal antibodies(MAb) in ovarian cancer(OC).Methods: The expression of OC183 B2 antigen in OC was determined by immunohistochemical(IHC) staining using tissue microarrays with the H-score system and immunofluorescence(IF) staining of tumor cell lines.Imaging probes with the NIR fluorescent dye cyanine 7(Cy7) conjugated to COC183 B2 Mab were chemically engineered. OC183 B2-positive human OC cells(SKOV3-Luc) were injected subcutaneously into BALB/c nude mice. Bioluminescent imaging(BLI) was performed to detect tumor location and growth. COC183 B2-Cy7 at 1.1,3.3, 10, or 30 μg were used for in vivo fluorescence imaging, and phosphate-buffered saline(PBS), free Cy7 dye and mouse isotype immunoglobulin G(IgG)-Cy7(delivered at the same doses as COC183 B2-Cy7) were used as controls.Results: The expression of OC183 B2 with a high H-score was more prevalent in OC tissue than fallopian tube(FT) tissue. Among 417 OC patients, the expression of OC183 B2 was significantly correlated with the histological subtype, histological grade, residual tumor size, relapse state and survival status. IF staining demonstrated that COC183 B2 specifically expressed in SKOV3 cells but not HeLa cells. In vivo NIR fluorescence imaging indicated that COC183 B2-Cy7 was mainly distributed in the xenograft and liver with optimal tumor-to-background(T/B)ratios in the xenograft at 30 μg dose. The highest fluorescent signals in the tumor were observed at 96 h postinjection(hpi). Ex vivo fluorescence imaging revealed the fluorescent signals mainly from the tumor and liver. IHC analysis confirmed that xenografts were OC183 B2 positive.Conclusions: COC183 B2 is a good candidate for NIR fluorescence imaging and imaging-guided surgery in OC.展开更多
Nitrogen(N)monitoring is essential in nurseries to ensure the production of high-quality seedlings.Nearinfrared spectroscopy(NIRS)is an instantaneous,nondestructive method to monitor N.Spectral data such as NIRS can a...Nitrogen(N)monitoring is essential in nurseries to ensure the production of high-quality seedlings.Nearinfrared spectroscopy(NIRS)is an instantaneous,nondestructive method to monitor N.Spectral data such as NIRS can also provide the basis for developing a new vegetation spectral index(VSI).Here,we evaluated whether NIRS combined with statistical modeling can accurately detect early variations in N concentration in leaves of young plants of Annona emargiaata and developed a new VSI for this task.Plants were grown in a hydroponics system with 0,2.75,5.5or 11 mM N for 45 days.Then we measured gas exchange,chlorophylla fluorescence,and pigments in leaves;analyzed complete leaf nutrients,and recorded spectral data for leaves at 966 to 1685 nm using NIRS.With a statistical learning approach,the dimensionality of the spectral data was reduced,then models were generated using two classes(N deficiency,N)or four classes(0,2.75,5.5,11 mM N).The best combination of techniques for dimensionality reduction and classification,respectively,was stepwise regression(PROC STEPDISC)and linear discriminant function.It was possible to detect N deficiency in seedlings leaves with 100%precision,and the four N concentrations with93.55%accuracy before photosynthetic damage to the plant occurred.Thereby,NIRS combined with statistical modeling of multidimensional data is effective for detecting N variations in seedlings leaves of A.emarginata.展开更多
Surgery is still the primary curative treatment for gastric cancer,which includes resection of the tumor with adequate margins and extended lymphadenectomy.In order to improve the operative results and the quality of ...Surgery is still the primary curative treatment for gastric cancer,which includes resection of the tumor with adequate margins and extended lymphadenectomy.In order to improve the operative results and the quality of life of patients,several endeavors have been made toward precision medicine through image-guided surgery,allowing access to real-time intraoperative anatomy and accurate tumor staging.The goal of the surgeon is to achieve a more precise,individualized,and less invasive surgery without compromising oncological efficiency and safety.In this perspective,we have demonstrated the role of indocyanine green(ICG)and near-infrared(NIR)fluorescence imaging method in gastric cancer surgery.This technique may be used to improve localization of the tumor,detection of sentinel lymph nodes(SLN),real-time lymphatic mapping,and blood flow assessment(anastomosis perfusion).展开更多
BACKGROUND After an esophagectomy, the stomach is most commonly used to restore continuity of the upper gastrointestinal tract. These esophago-gastric anastomoses are prone to serious complications such as leakage ass...BACKGROUND After an esophagectomy, the stomach is most commonly used to restore continuity of the upper gastrointestinal tract. These esophago-gastric anastomoses are prone to serious complications such as leakage associated with high morbidity and mortality. Graft perfusion is considered to be an important predictor for anastomotic integrity. Based on the current literature we believe Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography(ICGA) is an easy assessment tool for gastric tube(GT) perfusion, and it might predict anastomotic leakage(AL).AIM To evaluate feasibility and effectiveness of ICGA in GT perfusion assessment and as a predictor of AL.METHODS This study was designed according to the PRISMA guidelines and registered in the PROSPERO database. PubMed and EMBASE were independently searched by 2 reviewers for studies presenting data on intraoperative ICGA GT perfusion assessment during esophago-gastric reconstruction after esophagectomy.Relevant outcomes such as feasibility, complications, intraoperative surgical changes based on ICGA findings, quantification attempts, anatomical data and the impact of ICGA on postoperative anastomotic complications, were collected by 2 independent researchers. The quality of the included articles was assessed based on the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies. The 19 included studies presented data on 1192 esophagectomy patients, in 758 patients ICGA was used perioperative to guide esophageal reconstruction.RESULTS The 19 included studies for qualitative analyses all described ICGA as a safe and easy method to evaluate gastric graft perfusion. AL occurred in 13.8% of the entire cohort, 10% in the ICG guided group and 20.6% in the control group(P <0.001). When poorly perfused cases are excluded from the analyses, the difference in AL was even larger(AL well-perfused group 6.3% vs control group 20.5%, P <0.001). The AL rate in the group with an altered surgical plan based on the ICG image was 6.5%, similar to the well perfused group(6.3%) and significantly less than the poorly perfused group(47.8%)(P < 0.001), suggesting that the technique is able to identify and alter a potential bad outcome.CONCLUSION ICGA is a safe, feasible and promising method for perfusion assessment. The lower AL rate in the well perfused group suggest that a good fluorescent signal predicts a good outcome.展开更多
Fluorescence intraoperative cholangiography(IOC) is a potential alternative for identifying anatomical variation and preventing iatrogenic bile duct injuries by using the near-infrared probe indocyanine green(ICG)...Fluorescence intraoperative cholangiography(IOC) is a potential alternative for identifying anatomical variation and preventing iatrogenic bile duct injuries by using the near-infrared probe indocyanine green(ICG). However, the dynamic process and mechanism of fluorescence IOC have not been elucidated in previous publications. Herein, the optical properties of the complex of ICG and bile, dynamic fluorescence cholangiography and iatrogenic bile duct injuries were investigated. The emission spectrum of ICG in bile peaked at 844 nm and ICG had higher tissue penetration. Extrahepatic bile ducts could fluoresce 2 min after intravenous injection, and the fluorescence intensity reached a peak at 8 min. In addition, biliary dynamics were observed owing to ICG excretion from the bile ducts into the duodenum. Quantitative analysis indicated that ICG-guided fluorescence IOC possessed a high signal to noise ratio compared to the surrounding peripheral tissue and the portal vein. Fluorescence IOC was based on rapid uptake of circulating ICG in plasma by hepatic cells, excretion of ICG into the bile and then its interaction with protein molecules in the bile. Moreover, fluorescence IOC was sensitive to detect bile duct ligation and acute bile duct perforation using ICG in rat models. All of the results indicated that fluorescence IOC using ICG is a valid alternative for the cholangiography of extrahepatic bile ducts and has potential for measurement of biliary dynamics.展开更多
Objective of the study:We used fluorescence imaging methods of apoptosis and necrosis in human renal carcinoma A498 tumor cells in vitro to reveal the indicated forms of cell death under the combined effect of flavono...Objective of the study:We used fluorescence imaging methods of apoptosis and necrosis in human renal carcinoma A498 tumor cells in vitro to reveal the indicated forms of cell death under the combined effect of flavonoid-containing extract of Gratiola officinalis and cytostatic(cyclo-phosphamide).Materials and methods:The dyes were propidium iodide and acridine orange,which were used in the"alive and dead"test.This test helped us to identify the total number of dead cells in the forms of necrosis and apoptosis and the number of cells in which apoptosis had started,it was characterized by the appearance of apoptotic bodies or nucleus pyknosis.Results:We found the most pronounced cytotoxic activity at the ratio of extract of Gratiola officinalis and cyclophosphamide concentrations of 1∶1.The number of living cells decreased when exposed to the ratio of extract and cytostatic concentrations of 2∶1.When the ratio of concentration of the extract relative to the cytostatic increased to 3∶1,the cytostatic activity of the extract began to appear,the total number of tumor cells decreased.The number of cells with nucleus pyknosis and the number of cells with apoptosis signs significantly increased at a 3∶1 ratio of extract and cytostatic concentrations,which confirms the presence of pro-apoptotic activity of the studied combination.This trend indicates the dependence of a certain form of cell death(apoptosis,necrosis)on the ratio of extract and cytostatic doses,and it also demon-strates the cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of this combination.Conclusion:Fluorescence methods of investigation in the"alive and dead"test allowed us to visualize the forms of cell death of human kidney carcinoma A498 by combined exposure to the fiavonoid-containing extract of Gratiola officinalis and cytostatic(cyclophosphamide)24 h after exposure.We found that the combination with a concentration ratio of the extract and cyclophosphamide of 3:1 has the greatest effectiveness due to stimulation of the cytostatic effect and cytotoxic effect.展开更多
Sulfydryl-contained(-SH)substances including hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S),cysteine(Cys),homocysteine(Hcy)and glutathione(GSH)play crucial roles in living systems,and their variations are closely associated with various di...Sulfydryl-contained(-SH)substances including hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S),cysteine(Cys),homocysteine(Hcy)and glutathione(GSH)play crucial roles in living systems,and their variations are closely associated with various diseases.Herein,we developed a near-infrared intramolecular charge transfer(ICT)based fluorescent probe Y-NBD,achieving detection of Cys/Hcy and H_(2)S with different fluorescent signals(green-red for Cys/Hcy,red for H_(2)S),large Stokes shifts(∼100/105nm or 191 nm)and high signal-background-ratio,but not responding to GSH.Y-NBD was successfully applied to image exogenous/endogenous Cys/Hcy and H_(2)S in various living cancer cells(HeLa,A549,and HepG2)and in zebrafish.It not only visualized the transformation pathway of several thiols in HepG2 cells but also verified that the intestine is the main site for the activation and metabolism of Y-NBD in zebrafish,as well as realized to evaluate the degree of drug-induced liver injury.This work provides a promising tool for imaging Cys/Hcy and H_(2)S in living systems and shows great potency in evaluating drug-induced liver injury and its treatment.展开更多
Background: Even though NIR fluorescence imaging has many advantages in SLN mapping and cancer detection, NIR fluorescence imaging shows a serious drawback that NIR cannot be detected by the naked eye without any dete...Background: Even though NIR fluorescence imaging has many advantages in SLN mapping and cancer detection, NIR fluorescence imaging shows a serious drawback that NIR cannot be detected by the naked eye without any detectors. This limitation further disturbs accurate SLN detection and adequate tumor resection resulting in the presence of cancerous cells near the boundaries of surgically removed tissues. Materials and methods: To overcome the drawback of the conventional NIR imaging method, we suggest a novel NIR imaging system which can make the NIR fluorescence image visible to the naked eye as NIR fluorescence image detected by a video camera is processed by a computer and then projected back onto the NIR fluorescence excitation position with a projector using conspicuous color light. Image processing techniques were used for projection onto the exact position of the NIR fluorescence image. Also, we implemented a phantom experiment to evaluate the performance of the developed NIR fluorescence projection system by use of the ICG. Results: The developed NIR fluorescence projection system was applied in normal mouse model to confirm the usefulness of the system in the clinical field. A BALB/c nude mouse was prepared to be applied in normal mouse model and 0.25 mg/ml stock solution of the ICG was injected through a tail vein of the mouse. From the application in normal mouse model, we could confirm that the injected ICG stayed in the liver of the mouse and verify that the projection system projected the ICG fluorescence image at the exact location of the ICG by performing laparotomy of the mouse. Conclusions: From the application in normal mouse model, we could verify that the ICG fluorescence image was precisely projected back on the site where ICG fluorescence generated. It can be demonstrated that the NIR fluorescence projection system can make it possible to visualize the invisible NIR fluorescence image and to realize that SLN mapping and cancer detection in clinical surgery.展开更多
To estimate the life of vacuum fluorescent display (VFD) more accurately and reduce test time and cost, four constant stress accelerated life tests (CSALTs) were conducted on an accelerated life test model. In the...To estimate the life of vacuum fluorescent display (VFD) more accurately and reduce test time and cost, four constant stress accelerated life tests (CSALTs) were conducted on an accelerated life test model. In the model, statistical analysis of test data is achieved by applying lognormal function to describe the life distribution, and least square method (LSM) to calculate the mean value and the standard deviation of logarithm. As a result, the accelerated life equation was obtained, and then a self-developed software was developed to predict the VFD life. The data analysis results demonstrate that the VFD life submits to lognormal distribution, that the accelerated model meets the linear Arrhenius equation, and that the precise accelerated parameter makes it possible to acquire the life information of VFD within one month.展开更多
Near-infrared( NIR) spectroscopy has been widely employed as a process analytical tool( PAT) in various fields; the most important reason for the use of this method is its ability to record spectra in real time to cap...Near-infrared( NIR) spectroscopy has been widely employed as a process analytical tool( PAT) in various fields; the most important reason for the use of this method is its ability to record spectra in real time to capture process properties. In quantitative online applications,the robustness of the established NIR model is often deteriorated by process condition variations,nonlinear of the properties or the high-dimensional of the NIR data set. To cope with such situation,a novel method based on principal component analysis( PCA) and artificial neural network( ANN) is proposed and a new sample-selection method is mentioned. The advantage of the presented approach is that it can select proper calibration samples and establish robust model effectively. The performance of the method was tested on a spectroscopic data set from a refinery process. Compared with traditional partial leastsquares( PLS),principal component regression( PCR) and several other modeling methods, the proposed approach was found to achieve good accuracy in the prediction of gasoline properties. An application of the proposed method is also reported.展开更多
We propose a new optical probe for near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence signal detection with high optical performance and thermal stability. The optical probe is composed of an optical source part for efficient excitatio...We propose a new optical probe for near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence signal detection with high optical performance and thermal stability. The optical probe is composed of an optical source part for efficient excitation of NIR fluorescence signal, a heat dissipation part for stable operation of the NIR fluorescence probe, and an optical detection part for efficient detection of NIR fluorescence signal. From a simulation by use of an optical simulation tool, Light ToolsTM, we could confirm that the optical probe has optical propagation efficiency of 79.6% in case of using a circular detector with 20 cm in diameter located at 20 cm in distance from the optical source. From a measurement of temperature variation of the optical probe, we could also confirm that the optical probe has thermal stability with a standard deviation of 2.19°C under room temperature condition. Finally, from an evaluation of fluorescence image quality, we could confirm that an optical noise which can bring on by overlapped band between optical spectrum of the optical source for fluorescence excitation and optical spectrum of the emitted fluorescence signal decreased effectively in the optical probe.展开更多
[ Objective] The study aims at developing a novel fluorescence enhancement method to determine anionic surfactants. [ Method] Based on Fe3O4 @ PAA-RB fluorescent nanoparticles as fluorescent probes, we have developed ...[ Objective] The study aims at developing a novel fluorescence enhancement method to determine anionic surfactants. [ Method] Based on Fe3O4 @ PAA-RB fluorescent nanoparticles as fluorescent probes, we have developed a novel fluorescence enhancement method for the determi- nation of an anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) through the gradual optimization of experiment conditions. [ Result] Under the opti- mum conditions, the extent of fluorescence enhancement is directly proportional to SDS concentration varying from 0.5 to 16.0 μmol/L, and the de- tection limit reaches 0.051 μmol/L. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for 4.0 μmol/L SDS is 3.3% ( n =6). The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of SDS in environmental water samples, with recovery of 96.3% -105.5%. E Conclusion] The novel fluo- rescence enhancement method is not only simple and rapid, but also has avoided using tedious solvent-extraction and toxic organic solvents.展开更多
The distribution of rDNA was visualized in interphase nuclei of tumor promoter treated human lymphocytes in comparison with the mltogen Phytoheamagglutinin (PHA) effects by using an in situ hybridization fluorescent m...The distribution of rDNA was visualized in interphase nuclei of tumor promoter treated human lymphocytes in comparison with the mltogen Phytoheamagglutinin (PHA) effects by using an in situ hybridization fluorescent method. The procedure involves biotinylated rDNA as the probe and FITC-avidin as detection system. Silver (Ag) staining was used to visualize nucleoli. In the interphase nuclei of most of the nonstimulated control lymphocytes, only one small Ag-stained nucleolus could be seen. The in situ hybridization, however, revealed one to several agglomerations of rDNA fluorescent spots. With tumor promoting herb extract WCE (40 μg/ml) or TPA (60 ng/ ml) treatment, the Interphase nucleoli increased slightly in number with the morphology alteration into larger, reticular or compact granular types. Ag-stained particles also increased in number. The number of the in situ hybridization rDNA fluorescent spots and dots increased markedly and largereticulate formations of numerous rDNA spots were seen. This phenomenum resembles to the changes in PHA stimulated lymphocytes. Statistic analysized data showed signifcant difference between control and drug- treated cells. These results indicate that transcriptionally activated rDNA and amplification of total rDNA was induced by the used tumor promoters.展开更多
Background:Fluorescence bio-imaging in the second near-infrared window(NIR-II FL,1000-1700nm)has great potential in clinical theranostics,which is of great importance providing precise locations of lesions and molecul...Background:Fluorescence bio-imaging in the second near-infrared window(NIR-II FL,1000-1700nm)has great potential in clinical theranostics,which is of great importance providing precise locations of lesions and molecular dynamic actions simultaneously in a single nanoprobe.Methods:T here has been an upsurge of multidisciplinary research focusing on developing functional types of inorganic and organic nanoprobes that can be used for NIR-II FL with the high spatiotemporal resolution,deep tissue penetration,and negligible auto-fluorescence.Results:In this mini-review,we summarize recent progress in inorganic/organic NIR-II FL nanoprobes.We introduce the design and properties of inorganic and organic nanoprobes,in the order of single-walled carbon nanotubes,quantum dots,rare-earth-doped nanoparticles,metal nanoclusters and organic fluorophores,expect to realize precise diagnosis and efficient image-guided therapy.Conclusion:Meanwhile,to elucidate the problems and perspectives,we aim to offer diverse biological applications of inorganic/organic NIR-II FL nanoprobes and accelerate the clinical transformation progress.展开更多
文摘Laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)remains one of the most commonly performed procedures in adult and paediatric populations.Despite the advances made in intraoperative biliary anatomy recognition,iatrogenic bile duct injuries during LC represent a fatal complication and consist an economic burden for healthcare systems.A series of methods have been proposed to prevent bile duct injury,among them the use of indocyanine green(ICG)fluorescence.The most commonly reported method of ICG injection is the intravenous administration,while literature is lacking studies investigating the direct intragallbladder ICG injection.This narrative mini-review aims to assess the potential applications,usefulness,and limitations of intragallbladder ICG fluorescence in LC.Authors screened the available international literature to identify the reports of intragallbladder ICG fluorescence imaging in minimally invasive cholecystectomy,as well as special issues regarding its use.Literature search retrieved four prospective cohort studies,three case-control studies,and one case report.In the three case-control studies selected,intragallbladder near-infrared cholangiography(NIRC)was compared with standard LC under white light,with intravenous administration of ICG for NIRC and with standard intraoperative cholangiography(IOC).In total,133 patients reported in the literature have been administered intragallbladder ICG administration for biliary mapping during LC.Literature includes several reports of intragallbladder ICG administration,but a standardized technique has not been established yet.Published data suggest that NIRC with intragallbladder ICG injection is a promising method to achieve biliary mapping,overwhelming limitations of IOC including intervention and radiation exposure,as well as the high hepatic parenchyma signal and time interval needed in intravenous ICG fluorescence.Evidence-based guidelines on the role of intragallbladder ICG fluorescence in LC require the assessment of further studies and multicenter data collection into large registries.
基金supported by the Medical and Health Research Project of Zhejiang Province(2018RC008,2018KY113,and WKJ-ZJ-2125)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LQ20H040011).
文摘Objective:Laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection(LPND),which is an effective therapy for endometrial cancer,is challenging because of the complexity of the procedure and the occurrence of postoperative complications.This study aimed to explore whether indocyanine green(ICG)-enhanced nearinfrared(NIR)fluorescence-guided LPND is superior to LPND in the context of early-stage endometrial carcinoma.Methods:In this retrospective study,we included the medical records of 190 patients with early-stage endometrioid adenocarcinoma who underwent LPND at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine between January 2019 and January 2021.Depending on whether ICG-enhanced NIR fluorescence guidance was used,the patients were assigned to the ICG group or non-ICG group.Patients were followed-up for one year after surgery.Data on demographic characteristics,pathological results,operative outcomes,and complications were collected and analyzed.Results:The baseline characteristics were comparable between the ICG group and non-ICG group,including age,BMI,pregnancy history,and preoperative hemoglobin.For surgical outcomes,the patients in ICG group had significantly lower intraoperative blood loss(50 mL vs.120 mL,p<0.001),less postoperative pelvic drainage time(4.14±1.44 d vs.5.70±1.89 d,p¼0.001),shorter duration of hospital stay(5.26±1.41 d vs.7.37±1.85 d,p¼0.003),higher number of positive pelvic lymph nodes(PLNs)(1 vs.0,p¼0.003),and more PLN-positive cases(16.0%vs.3.6%,p¼0.003)than the patients in non-ICG group.However,no significant differences were noted in blood transfusion requirement,operative time,hemoglobin level decreases,number of PLNs harvested,or the presence of lymphocysts between the two groups.Conclusion:Our study showed that ICG-enhanced NIR fluorescence-guided operation may improve the accuracy and safety of LPND.
基金The authors would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China and TheMinistry of Education of China for providing the financial support for this project
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.90508003)National Cancer Institute(NCI)Small Animal Imaging Resource Program(SAIRP)Grant R24 CA93862NCI In Vivo Cellular Molecular Imaging Center(ICMIC)Grant P50 CA114747(SSG).
文摘The purpose of this study is to investigate whether a near-infrared fluorescence(NIRF)probe,Cy5.5-d-glucosamine(Cy5.5-2DG),can image arthritis in collagen-induced arthritic(CIA)mice.The presence of arthritis was verified by both visual examination and micro-computed tomography(MicroCT)imaging.CIA mice were imaged by a micro-positron emission tomography(MicroPET)scanner one hour after intravenous injection of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose([18F]FDG).After radioactivity of[18F]FDG decayed away,Cy5.5-2DG was injected into a lateral tail vein of the mice.Arthritic tissue targeting and retention of Cy5.5-2DG in CIA mice were evaluated and quantified by an optical imaging system.Inflammatory tissue in CIA mice was clearly visualized by[18F]FDG-MicroPET scan.NIRF imaging of Cy5.5-2DG in the same mice revealed that the pattern of localization of Cy5.5-2DG in the arthritic tissue was very similar to that of[18F]FDG.Quantification analysis further showed that[18F]FDG uptake in arthritic tissues at one hour post-injection(p.i.)and Cy5.5-2DG uptakes at different time points p.i.were all well correlated(r2 over 0.65).In conclusion,Cy5.5-DG can detect arthritic tissues in living mice.The good correlation between the[18F]FDG uptake and Cy5.5-2DG accumulation in the same arthritic tissue warrants further investigation of Cy5.5-2DG as an approach for assessment of anti-inflammatory treatments.
文摘In the medical field, there are growing interests in applied research such as in vivo fluorescence monitoring because of excellent body transmission characteristic of the near-infrared light. However, optical noise by excitation light and illumination equipment for medical applications such as interior light, surgical light decrease efficiency of the fluorescent signal when observers such as surgeons confirm fluorescence signals in medical field. To solve these problems in medical field, we have analyzed external noise factors by effect on image realization, quantification of optical noise generation by external factors, and have suggested methods of minimize the optical noise in this paper. In case of fluorescence imaging in the operating room, it has been confirmed that fluorescent excitation light, interior light and surgical light are factors to generate optical noise. To acquire near-infrared fluorescence images and to compare fluorescence contrast under conditions of darkroom, interior light and surgical light, light emitting diodes (LEDs) sources that have peak wavelength at 740, 760 and 780 nm respectively were used as excitation light sources. In addition, short-pass filter which has transmission edge at 775 nm has been applied to minimize the optical noise in each external noise factor. By comparing contrast of each image before and after use of the short-pass filter, we confirmed that optical noise reduced 49%, 56% and 66% in external noise factors respectively.
文摘A new near-infrared fluorophore 2-(2-Aminoethyl) pyridine-tricarbocyanine (1) was rationally designed and synthe-sized as a fluorescent probe for detection of Cu2+ with high selectivity. The response of Probe 1 is based on the fluorescence quenching upon binding to Cu2+. The sensing performance of the proposed Cu2+-sensitive Probe 1 was then investigated. The probe can be applied to the quantification detection of Cu2+ with a linear concentration range covering from 4.8 × 10-7 to 1.6 × 10-4 mol/L and a detection limit of 9.3 × 10-8 mol/L. The experimental results showed that the response of 1 to Cu2+ was independent of pH in medium condition (pH 6.0-8.0), and exhibited excellent selectivity towards Cu2+ over other common metal cations.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2016YFA0201400)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81671431)
文摘Objective: To evaluate the imaging potential of a novel near-infrared(NIR) probe conjugated to COC183 B2 monoclonal antibodies(MAb) in ovarian cancer(OC).Methods: The expression of OC183 B2 antigen in OC was determined by immunohistochemical(IHC) staining using tissue microarrays with the H-score system and immunofluorescence(IF) staining of tumor cell lines.Imaging probes with the NIR fluorescent dye cyanine 7(Cy7) conjugated to COC183 B2 Mab were chemically engineered. OC183 B2-positive human OC cells(SKOV3-Luc) were injected subcutaneously into BALB/c nude mice. Bioluminescent imaging(BLI) was performed to detect tumor location and growth. COC183 B2-Cy7 at 1.1,3.3, 10, or 30 μg were used for in vivo fluorescence imaging, and phosphate-buffered saline(PBS), free Cy7 dye and mouse isotype immunoglobulin G(IgG)-Cy7(delivered at the same doses as COC183 B2-Cy7) were used as controls.Results: The expression of OC183 B2 with a high H-score was more prevalent in OC tissue than fallopian tube(FT) tissue. Among 417 OC patients, the expression of OC183 B2 was significantly correlated with the histological subtype, histological grade, residual tumor size, relapse state and survival status. IF staining demonstrated that COC183 B2 specifically expressed in SKOV3 cells but not HeLa cells. In vivo NIR fluorescence imaging indicated that COC183 B2-Cy7 was mainly distributed in the xenograft and liver with optimal tumor-to-background(T/B)ratios in the xenograft at 30 μg dose. The highest fluorescent signals in the tumor were observed at 96 h postinjection(hpi). Ex vivo fluorescence imaging revealed the fluorescent signals mainly from the tumor and liver. IHC analysis confirmed that xenografts were OC183 B2 positive.Conclusions: COC183 B2 is a good candidate for NIR fluorescence imaging and imaging-guided surgery in OC.
基金a scholarship from Capes(Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior)-Brazil(Award number:001)for the first author。
文摘Nitrogen(N)monitoring is essential in nurseries to ensure the production of high-quality seedlings.Nearinfrared spectroscopy(NIRS)is an instantaneous,nondestructive method to monitor N.Spectral data such as NIRS can also provide the basis for developing a new vegetation spectral index(VSI).Here,we evaluated whether NIRS combined with statistical modeling can accurately detect early variations in N concentration in leaves of young plants of Annona emargiaata and developed a new VSI for this task.Plants were grown in a hydroponics system with 0,2.75,5.5or 11 mM N for 45 days.Then we measured gas exchange,chlorophylla fluorescence,and pigments in leaves;analyzed complete leaf nutrients,and recorded spectral data for leaves at 966 to 1685 nm using NIRS.With a statistical learning approach,the dimensionality of the spectral data was reduced,then models were generated using two classes(N deficiency,N)or four classes(0,2.75,5.5,11 mM N).The best combination of techniques for dimensionality reduction and classification,respectively,was stepwise regression(PROC STEPDISC)and linear discriminant function.It was possible to detect N deficiency in seedlings leaves with 100%precision,and the four N concentrations with93.55%accuracy before photosynthetic damage to the plant occurred.Thereby,NIRS combined with statistical modeling of multidimensional data is effective for detecting N variations in seedlings leaves of A.emarginata.
文摘Surgery is still the primary curative treatment for gastric cancer,which includes resection of the tumor with adequate margins and extended lymphadenectomy.In order to improve the operative results and the quality of life of patients,several endeavors have been made toward precision medicine through image-guided surgery,allowing access to real-time intraoperative anatomy and accurate tumor staging.The goal of the surgeon is to achieve a more precise,individualized,and less invasive surgery without compromising oncological efficiency and safety.In this perspective,we have demonstrated the role of indocyanine green(ICG)and near-infrared(NIR)fluorescence imaging method in gastric cancer surgery.This technique may be used to improve localization of the tumor,detection of sentinel lymph nodes(SLN),real-time lymphatic mapping,and blood flow assessment(anastomosis perfusion).
基金"Kom op tegen Kanker"(Stand up to Cancer),the Flemish cancer society
文摘BACKGROUND After an esophagectomy, the stomach is most commonly used to restore continuity of the upper gastrointestinal tract. These esophago-gastric anastomoses are prone to serious complications such as leakage associated with high morbidity and mortality. Graft perfusion is considered to be an important predictor for anastomotic integrity. Based on the current literature we believe Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography(ICGA) is an easy assessment tool for gastric tube(GT) perfusion, and it might predict anastomotic leakage(AL).AIM To evaluate feasibility and effectiveness of ICGA in GT perfusion assessment and as a predictor of AL.METHODS This study was designed according to the PRISMA guidelines and registered in the PROSPERO database. PubMed and EMBASE were independently searched by 2 reviewers for studies presenting data on intraoperative ICGA GT perfusion assessment during esophago-gastric reconstruction after esophagectomy.Relevant outcomes such as feasibility, complications, intraoperative surgical changes based on ICGA findings, quantification attempts, anatomical data and the impact of ICGA on postoperative anastomotic complications, were collected by 2 independent researchers. The quality of the included articles was assessed based on the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies. The 19 included studies presented data on 1192 esophagectomy patients, in 758 patients ICGA was used perioperative to guide esophageal reconstruction.RESULTS The 19 included studies for qualitative analyses all described ICGA as a safe and easy method to evaluate gastric graft perfusion. AL occurred in 13.8% of the entire cohort, 10% in the ICG guided group and 20.6% in the control group(P <0.001). When poorly perfused cases are excluded from the analyses, the difference in AL was even larger(AL well-perfused group 6.3% vs control group 20.5%, P <0.001). The AL rate in the group with an altered surgical plan based on the ICG image was 6.5%, similar to the well perfused group(6.3%) and significantly less than the poorly perfused group(47.8%)(P < 0.001), suggesting that the technique is able to identify and alter a potential bad outcome.CONCLUSION ICGA is a safe, feasible and promising method for perfusion assessment. The lower AL rate in the well perfused group suggest that a good fluorescent signal predicts a good outcome.
基金partially sponsored by Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(No.2015CFB688)
文摘Fluorescence intraoperative cholangiography(IOC) is a potential alternative for identifying anatomical variation and preventing iatrogenic bile duct injuries by using the near-infrared probe indocyanine green(ICG). However, the dynamic process and mechanism of fluorescence IOC have not been elucidated in previous publications. Herein, the optical properties of the complex of ICG and bile, dynamic fluorescence cholangiography and iatrogenic bile duct injuries were investigated. The emission spectrum of ICG in bile peaked at 844 nm and ICG had higher tissue penetration. Extrahepatic bile ducts could fluoresce 2 min after intravenous injection, and the fluorescence intensity reached a peak at 8 min. In addition, biliary dynamics were observed owing to ICG excretion from the bile ducts into the duodenum. Quantitative analysis indicated that ICG-guided fluorescence IOC possessed a high signal to noise ratio compared to the surrounding peripheral tissue and the portal vein. Fluorescence IOC was based on rapid uptake of circulating ICG in plasma by hepatic cells, excretion of ICG into the bile and then its interaction with protein molecules in the bile. Moreover, fluorescence IOC was sensitive to detect bile duct ligation and acute bile duct perforation using ICG in rat models. All of the results indicated that fluorescence IOC using ICG is a valid alternative for the cholangiography of extrahepatic bile ducts and has potential for measurement of biliary dynamics.
基金The work was supported by State Assignment No.121032600197-2 of the Health Ministry of Russia.
文摘Objective of the study:We used fluorescence imaging methods of apoptosis and necrosis in human renal carcinoma A498 tumor cells in vitro to reveal the indicated forms of cell death under the combined effect of flavonoid-containing extract of Gratiola officinalis and cytostatic(cyclo-phosphamide).Materials and methods:The dyes were propidium iodide and acridine orange,which were used in the"alive and dead"test.This test helped us to identify the total number of dead cells in the forms of necrosis and apoptosis and the number of cells in which apoptosis had started,it was characterized by the appearance of apoptotic bodies or nucleus pyknosis.Results:We found the most pronounced cytotoxic activity at the ratio of extract of Gratiola officinalis and cyclophosphamide concentrations of 1∶1.The number of living cells decreased when exposed to the ratio of extract and cytostatic concentrations of 2∶1.When the ratio of concentration of the extract relative to the cytostatic increased to 3∶1,the cytostatic activity of the extract began to appear,the total number of tumor cells decreased.The number of cells with nucleus pyknosis and the number of cells with apoptosis signs significantly increased at a 3∶1 ratio of extract and cytostatic concentrations,which confirms the presence of pro-apoptotic activity of the studied combination.This trend indicates the dependence of a certain form of cell death(apoptosis,necrosis)on the ratio of extract and cytostatic doses,and it also demon-strates the cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of this combination.Conclusion:Fluorescence methods of investigation in the"alive and dead"test allowed us to visualize the forms of cell death of human kidney carcinoma A498 by combined exposure to the fiavonoid-containing extract of Gratiola officinalis and cytostatic(cyclophosphamide)24 h after exposure.We found that the combination with a concentration ratio of the extract and cyclophosphamide of 3:1 has the greatest effectiveness due to stimulation of the cytostatic effect and cytotoxic effect.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22077099 and 22171223)the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(Nos.2023-CX-TD-75 and 2022KJXX-32)+4 种基金the Technology Innovation Leading Program of Shaanxi(Program No.2023KXJ-209)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Nos.2022JQ-151 and 2023-JC-YB-141)Young Talent Fund of Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi,China(No.SWYY202206)the Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Chemistry&Biology(Nos.22JHZ010 and 22JHQ080)the Yan’an City Science and Technology Project(No.2022SLZDCY-002).
文摘Sulfydryl-contained(-SH)substances including hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S),cysteine(Cys),homocysteine(Hcy)and glutathione(GSH)play crucial roles in living systems,and their variations are closely associated with various diseases.Herein,we developed a near-infrared intramolecular charge transfer(ICT)based fluorescent probe Y-NBD,achieving detection of Cys/Hcy and H_(2)S with different fluorescent signals(green-red for Cys/Hcy,red for H_(2)S),large Stokes shifts(∼100/105nm or 191 nm)and high signal-background-ratio,but not responding to GSH.Y-NBD was successfully applied to image exogenous/endogenous Cys/Hcy and H_(2)S in various living cancer cells(HeLa,A549,and HepG2)and in zebrafish.It not only visualized the transformation pathway of several thiols in HepG2 cells but also verified that the intestine is the main site for the activation and metabolism of Y-NBD in zebrafish,as well as realized to evaluate the degree of drug-induced liver injury.This work provides a promising tool for imaging Cys/Hcy and H_(2)S in living systems and shows great potency in evaluating drug-induced liver injury and its treatment.
文摘Background: Even though NIR fluorescence imaging has many advantages in SLN mapping and cancer detection, NIR fluorescence imaging shows a serious drawback that NIR cannot be detected by the naked eye without any detectors. This limitation further disturbs accurate SLN detection and adequate tumor resection resulting in the presence of cancerous cells near the boundaries of surgically removed tissues. Materials and methods: To overcome the drawback of the conventional NIR imaging method, we suggest a novel NIR imaging system which can make the NIR fluorescence image visible to the naked eye as NIR fluorescence image detected by a video camera is processed by a computer and then projected back onto the NIR fluorescence excitation position with a projector using conspicuous color light. Image processing techniques were used for projection onto the exact position of the NIR fluorescence image. Also, we implemented a phantom experiment to evaluate the performance of the developed NIR fluorescence projection system by use of the ICG. Results: The developed NIR fluorescence projection system was applied in normal mouse model to confirm the usefulness of the system in the clinical field. A BALB/c nude mouse was prepared to be applied in normal mouse model and 0.25 mg/ml stock solution of the ICG was injected through a tail vein of the mouse. From the application in normal mouse model, we could confirm that the injected ICG stayed in the liver of the mouse and verify that the projection system projected the ICG fluorescence image at the exact location of the ICG by performing laparotomy of the mouse. Conclusions: From the application in normal mouse model, we could verify that the ICG fluorescence image was precisely projected back on the site where ICG fluorescence generated. It can be demonstrated that the NIR fluorescence projection system can make it possible to visualize the invisible NIR fluorescence image and to realize that SLN mapping and cancer detection in clinical surgery.
基金Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foun-dation (NO.09ZR1413000)Undergraduate Education High-land Construction Project of ShanghaiKey Technology R&D Program of Shanghai Municipality (No.08160510600)
文摘To estimate the life of vacuum fluorescent display (VFD) more accurately and reduce test time and cost, four constant stress accelerated life tests (CSALTs) were conducted on an accelerated life test model. In the model, statistical analysis of test data is achieved by applying lognormal function to describe the life distribution, and least square method (LSM) to calculate the mean value and the standard deviation of logarithm. As a result, the accelerated life equation was obtained, and then a self-developed software was developed to predict the VFD life. The data analysis results demonstrate that the VFD life submits to lognormal distribution, that the accelerated model meets the linear Arrhenius equation, and that the precise accelerated parameter makes it possible to acquire the life information of VFD within one month.
基金National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.U1162202,61222303)National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(No.2013AA040701)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project,China(No.B504)
文摘Near-infrared( NIR) spectroscopy has been widely employed as a process analytical tool( PAT) in various fields; the most important reason for the use of this method is its ability to record spectra in real time to capture process properties. In quantitative online applications,the robustness of the established NIR model is often deteriorated by process condition variations,nonlinear of the properties or the high-dimensional of the NIR data set. To cope with such situation,a novel method based on principal component analysis( PCA) and artificial neural network( ANN) is proposed and a new sample-selection method is mentioned. The advantage of the presented approach is that it can select proper calibration samples and establish robust model effectively. The performance of the method was tested on a spectroscopic data set from a refinery process. Compared with traditional partial leastsquares( PLS),principal component regression( PCR) and several other modeling methods, the proposed approach was found to achieve good accuracy in the prediction of gasoline properties. An application of the proposed method is also reported.
文摘We propose a new optical probe for near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence signal detection with high optical performance and thermal stability. The optical probe is composed of an optical source part for efficient excitation of NIR fluorescence signal, a heat dissipation part for stable operation of the NIR fluorescence probe, and an optical detection part for efficient detection of NIR fluorescence signal. From a simulation by use of an optical simulation tool, Light ToolsTM, we could confirm that the optical probe has optical propagation efficiency of 79.6% in case of using a circular detector with 20 cm in diameter located at 20 cm in distance from the optical source. From a measurement of temperature variation of the optical probe, we could also confirm that the optical probe has thermal stability with a standard deviation of 2.19°C under room temperature condition. Finally, from an evaluation of fluorescence image quality, we could confirm that an optical noise which can bring on by overlapped band between optical spectrum of the optical source for fluorescence excitation and optical spectrum of the emitted fluorescence signal decreased effectively in the optical probe.
基金Supported by the Project of Chongqing Municipal Education Commis-sion(KJ101101)Project of Innovation Team for"Water Quality Vari-ation and Water Environmental Security of Three Gorge Reservoir"of Higher Education in Chongqing City(201024)
文摘[ Objective] The study aims at developing a novel fluorescence enhancement method to determine anionic surfactants. [ Method] Based on Fe3O4 @ PAA-RB fluorescent nanoparticles as fluorescent probes, we have developed a novel fluorescence enhancement method for the determi- nation of an anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) through the gradual optimization of experiment conditions. [ Result] Under the opti- mum conditions, the extent of fluorescence enhancement is directly proportional to SDS concentration varying from 0.5 to 16.0 μmol/L, and the de- tection limit reaches 0.051 μmol/L. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for 4.0 μmol/L SDS is 3.3% ( n =6). The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of SDS in environmental water samples, with recovery of 96.3% -105.5%. E Conclusion] The novel fluo- rescence enhancement method is not only simple and rapid, but also has avoided using tedious solvent-extraction and toxic organic solvents.
文摘The distribution of rDNA was visualized in interphase nuclei of tumor promoter treated human lymphocytes in comparison with the mltogen Phytoheamagglutinin (PHA) effects by using an in situ hybridization fluorescent method. The procedure involves biotinylated rDNA as the probe and FITC-avidin as detection system. Silver (Ag) staining was used to visualize nucleoli. In the interphase nuclei of most of the nonstimulated control lymphocytes, only one small Ag-stained nucleolus could be seen. The in situ hybridization, however, revealed one to several agglomerations of rDNA fluorescent spots. With tumor promoting herb extract WCE (40 μg/ml) or TPA (60 ng/ ml) treatment, the Interphase nucleoli increased slightly in number with the morphology alteration into larger, reticular or compact granular types. Ag-stained particles also increased in number. The number of the in situ hybridization rDNA fluorescent spots and dots increased markedly and largereticulate formations of numerous rDNA spots were seen. This phenomenum resembles to the changes in PHA stimulated lymphocytes. Statistic analysized data showed signifcant difference between control and drug- treated cells. These results indicate that transcriptionally activated rDNA and amplification of total rDNA was induced by the used tumor promoters.
文摘Background:Fluorescence bio-imaging in the second near-infrared window(NIR-II FL,1000-1700nm)has great potential in clinical theranostics,which is of great importance providing precise locations of lesions and molecular dynamic actions simultaneously in a single nanoprobe.Methods:T here has been an upsurge of multidisciplinary research focusing on developing functional types of inorganic and organic nanoprobes that can be used for NIR-II FL with the high spatiotemporal resolution,deep tissue penetration,and negligible auto-fluorescence.Results:In this mini-review,we summarize recent progress in inorganic/organic NIR-II FL nanoprobes.We introduce the design and properties of inorganic and organic nanoprobes,in the order of single-walled carbon nanotubes,quantum dots,rare-earth-doped nanoparticles,metal nanoclusters and organic fluorophores,expect to realize precise diagnosis and efficient image-guided therapy.Conclusion:Meanwhile,to elucidate the problems and perspectives,we aim to offer diverse biological applications of inorganic/organic NIR-II FL nanoprobes and accelerate the clinical transformation progress.