Microstructural improvement of Al-Cu-Li alloys with high Li content plays a critical role for the acquisition of excellent mechanical properties and ultra-low density.In this regard,the Al-Cu-Li alloy castings with hi...Microstructural improvement of Al-Cu-Li alloys with high Li content plays a critical role for the acquisition of excellent mechanical properties and ultra-low density.In this regard,the Al-Cu-Li alloy castings with high Li content from 1.5 wt.%to 4.5 wt.%were prepared by near-rapid solidification,followed by two-stage homogenization treatment(490℃/16 h and 530℃/16 h).The microstructural evolution and solidification behavior of the as-cast and homogenized alloys with different Li contents were systematically studied by combining experiments with calculations by Pandat software.The results indicate that with the increase of Li content,the grain sizes decrease,the solution ability of Cu in the matrixα-Al phase increases,while the content of secondary dendrites increases and the precipitated phases change from low melting point phases to high melting point phases under the near-rapid solidification.Additionally,by the coupling of near-rapid solidification and two-stage homogenization,the metastable precipitated phases(Al7Cu4Li and AlCu3)can be dissolved effectively in the alloys with Li content of 1.5 wt.%-2.5 wt.%;moreover,the stable precipitated phases(Al6CuLi3 and Al2CuLi)uniformly distribute at the grain boundaries in the alloys with Li content of 3.5 wt.%-4.5 wt.%.As a result,the refined and homogenized microstructure can be obtained.展开更多
This paper is an experimental investigation of the structure evolution and the solute distribution of 2 mm thick strips of Fe-(2.6, 4.2, 4.7, 7.9wt.%)Ni peritectic alloy under a near-rapid solidification condition, wh...This paper is an experimental investigation of the structure evolution and the solute distribution of 2 mm thick strips of Fe-(2.6, 4.2, 4.7, 7.9wt.%)Ni peritectic alloy under a near-rapid solidification condition, which were in the regions of δ-ferrite single-phase, hypo-peritectic, hyper-peritectic and γ-austenite single-phase, respectively. The highest area ratio of equiaxed grain zone in the hyper-peritectic of Fe-4.7wt.%Ni alloy strip was observed, while other strips were mainly columnar grains. The lowest micro-segregation was obtained in the Fe-7.9wt.%Ni alloy strip, while micro-segregation in the Fe-4.7wt.%Ni alloy was the highest. As opposed to the microsegregation, the macro-segregation of all the Fe-Ni strips was suppressed due to the rapid solidification rate. Finally, the structure formation mechanism of Fe-Ni alloy strips was analyzed.展开更多
In order to investigate the response of cellular spacing to the variation of growth velocity under near-rapid directional solidification condition, Al-0.53wt%Zn alloy is directionally solidified with Bridgman apparatu...In order to investigate the response of cellular spacing to the variation of growth velocity under near-rapid directional solidification condition, Al-0.53wt%Zn alloy is directionally solidified with Bridgman apparatus. The results show that at the given temperature gradient the obtained microstrvctures are all cells and there exists a wide distribution range of cellular spacing. The maximum, λmax, minimum, λmin, and average cellular spacing, λ, as functions of growth rate, V, can be given by λmax=948.51V-0.4961, λmin= 661.16V-0.5015 and λ=412.41V-0.5049, respectively. The experimental results are compared with that predicted by KGT model, and a good agreement is found. Moreover,it is found that the average cellular spacing is also remarkably history-dependent.展开更多
It is vital for emission reduction and energy saving to lighten the weight of automobile. Low-density Fe-Mn-Al-C steels with high strength and excellent ductility have become a promising type of material in the automo...It is vital for emission reduction and energy saving to lighten the weight of automobile. Low-density Fe-Mn-Al-C steels with high strength and excellent ductility have become a promising type of material in the automotive industry. Thus, a new approach was proposed by using centrifugal casting to produce the low-density Fe-12Mn-9Al-1.2C steel with high performance under near-rapid solidification in a near-net shape. The produced steel strips, with a thickness of 2.5 mm and a density of 6.89 g/cm3, were examined for their microstructures and mechanical properties. The results showed that mechanical properties of as-cast steel strip reached 1182 MPa in ultimate tensile strength and 28.1% in total elongation. Aging treatment at 400 or 600℃ for 3 h enhanced tensile strength of the steel strips, while aging at 800℃ dramatically decreased its elongation. Moreover, Young＇ s modulus of the steel strip improved with the increment of aging temperature. The relationship between the mechanical properties and the microstructures was discussed. The results demonstrated that advanced low-density steels with promising mechanical properties could be directly produced from liquid by this simple process.展开更多
为提高辣椒粉吸光度的检测效率,以新疆辣椒粉为建模材料,使用波通、蔡司和赛默飞3个品牌的近红外光谱仪对辣椒粉进行扫描建模,确定最佳方式为赛默飞近红外光谱仪在波数精度16 cm^(-1)条件下采集光谱,利用偏最小二乘法建立模型。经过一...为提高辣椒粉吸光度的检测效率,以新疆辣椒粉为建模材料,使用波通、蔡司和赛默飞3个品牌的近红外光谱仪对辣椒粉进行扫描建模,确定最佳方式为赛默飞近红外光谱仪在波数精度16 cm^(-1)条件下采集光谱,利用偏最小二乘法建立模型。经过一阶导数+SG平滑两步光谱预处理方式,并选择主因子数为15,对模型进行优化。校正均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error of Calibration,RMSEC)为0.218,校正相关系数(Correlation Coefficient of Calibration,Rc)为0.9934;日内精密度(n=3)最大为1.22%,日间精密度(n=3)最大为0.98%,93%的样品化学实验值与近红外模型预测值两者之差在0.6以内,结果表明该近红外模型稳定性好,精确度高,能实现辣椒粉吸光度的快速检测。展开更多
For many rapid or near-rapid solidification processes, the interracial heat transfer between the melt and the substrate is a key issue on the cooling and solidification rate of castings. For the purpose of controlling...For many rapid or near-rapid solidification processes, the interracial heat transfer between the melt and the substrate is a key issue on the cooling and solidification rate of castings. For the purpose of controlling and adjusting of the interfacial thermal resistance, the effects of C/BN, Zn and organic coatings on the instantaneous interracial heat flux and the solidified structure of AISI304 stainless steel solidification on copper substrate have been investiga- ted by using an experimental simulator. The results show that C/BN coatings can improve the uniformity of heat flux and solidified structure; Zn coating can increase the heat flux and solidification rate in the growth stage of the solidified shell; organic coating will decrease the heat flux and the solidification rate and make re-melted structure on the surface of the solidified shell.展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0403804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51425402)。
文摘Microstructural improvement of Al-Cu-Li alloys with high Li content plays a critical role for the acquisition of excellent mechanical properties and ultra-low density.In this regard,the Al-Cu-Li alloy castings with high Li content from 1.5 wt.%to 4.5 wt.%were prepared by near-rapid solidification,followed by two-stage homogenization treatment(490℃/16 h and 530℃/16 h).The microstructural evolution and solidification behavior of the as-cast and homogenized alloys with different Li contents were systematically studied by combining experiments with calculations by Pandat software.The results indicate that with the increase of Li content,the grain sizes decrease,the solution ability of Cu in the matrixα-Al phase increases,while the content of secondary dendrites increases and the precipitated phases change from low melting point phases to high melting point phases under the near-rapid solidification.Additionally,by the coupling of near-rapid solidification and two-stage homogenization,the metastable precipitated phases(Al7Cu4Li and AlCu3)can be dissolved effectively in the alloys with Li content of 1.5 wt.%-2.5 wt.%;moreover,the stable precipitated phases(Al6CuLi3 and Al2CuLi)uniformly distribute at the grain boundaries in the alloys with Li content of 3.5 wt.%-4.5 wt.%.As a result,the refined and homogenized microstructure can be obtained.
基金financially supported by China National Basic Research Development Project(973 Program:No.2010CB630802)China National Natural Science Foundation(No.51074104)+1 种基金Shanghai Science and Technology Development Funds(No.12QA1401200)the Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing at NWPU(No.SKLSP201222)
文摘This paper is an experimental investigation of the structure evolution and the solute distribution of 2 mm thick strips of Fe-(2.6, 4.2, 4.7, 7.9wt.%)Ni peritectic alloy under a near-rapid solidification condition, which were in the regions of δ-ferrite single-phase, hypo-peritectic, hyper-peritectic and γ-austenite single-phase, respectively. The highest area ratio of equiaxed grain zone in the hyper-peritectic of Fe-4.7wt.%Ni alloy strip was observed, while other strips were mainly columnar grains. The lowest micro-segregation was obtained in the Fe-7.9wt.%Ni alloy strip, while micro-segregation in the Fe-4.7wt.%Ni alloy was the highest. As opposed to the microsegregation, the macro-segregation of all the Fe-Ni strips was suppressed due to the rapid solidification rate. Finally, the structure formation mechanism of Fe-Ni alloy strips was analyzed.
文摘In order to investigate the response of cellular spacing to the variation of growth velocity under near-rapid directional solidification condition, Al-0.53wt%Zn alloy is directionally solidified with Bridgman apparatus. The results show that at the given temperature gradient the obtained microstrvctures are all cells and there exists a wide distribution range of cellular spacing. The maximum, λmax, minimum, λmin, and average cellular spacing, λ, as functions of growth rate, V, can be given by λmax=948.51V-0.4961, λmin= 661.16V-0.5015 and λ=412.41V-0.5049, respectively. The experimental results are compared with that predicted by KGT model, and a good agreement is found. Moreover,it is found that the average cellular spacing is also remarkably history-dependent.
基金Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Joint Fund of Iron and Steel Research （No. U1660103） and National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 51574162）. TEM tests were conducted in the Instrumental Analysis and Research Center at Shanghai University. The authors would like to express sincere thanks for the staff support at the Center.
文摘It is vital for emission reduction and energy saving to lighten the weight of automobile. Low-density Fe-Mn-Al-C steels with high strength and excellent ductility have become a promising type of material in the automotive industry. Thus, a new approach was proposed by using centrifugal casting to produce the low-density Fe-12Mn-9Al-1.2C steel with high performance under near-rapid solidification in a near-net shape. The produced steel strips, with a thickness of 2.5 mm and a density of 6.89 g/cm3, were examined for their microstructures and mechanical properties. The results showed that mechanical properties of as-cast steel strip reached 1182 MPa in ultimate tensile strength and 28.1% in total elongation. Aging treatment at 400 or 600℃ for 3 h enhanced tensile strength of the steel strips, while aging at 800℃ dramatically decreased its elongation. Moreover, Young＇ s modulus of the steel strip improved with the increment of aging temperature. The relationship between the mechanical properties and the microstructures was discussed. The results demonstrated that advanced low-density steels with promising mechanical properties could be directly produced from liquid by this simple process.
文摘为提高辣椒粉吸光度的检测效率,以新疆辣椒粉为建模材料,使用波通、蔡司和赛默飞3个品牌的近红外光谱仪对辣椒粉进行扫描建模,确定最佳方式为赛默飞近红外光谱仪在波数精度16 cm^(-1)条件下采集光谱,利用偏最小二乘法建立模型。经过一阶导数+SG平滑两步光谱预处理方式,并选择主因子数为15,对模型进行优化。校正均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error of Calibration,RMSEC)为0.218,校正相关系数(Correlation Coefficient of Calibration,Rc)为0.9934;日内精密度(n=3)最大为1.22%,日间精密度(n=3)最大为0.98%,93%的样品化学实验值与近红外模型预测值两者之差在0.6以内,结果表明该近红外模型稳定性好,精确度高,能实现辣椒粉吸光度的快速检测。
文摘For many rapid or near-rapid solidification processes, the interracial heat transfer between the melt and the substrate is a key issue on the cooling and solidification rate of castings. For the purpose of controlling and adjusting of the interfacial thermal resistance, the effects of C/BN, Zn and organic coatings on the instantaneous interracial heat flux and the solidified structure of AISI304 stainless steel solidification on copper substrate have been investiga- ted by using an experimental simulator. The results show that C/BN coatings can improve the uniformity of heat flux and solidified structure; Zn coating can increase the heat flux and solidification rate in the growth stage of the solidified shell; organic coating will decrease the heat flux and the solidification rate and make re-melted structure on the surface of the solidified shell.
