Satellite-observed significant improvement in nearshore transparency of the Bohai Sea during pollution control

The Bohai Sea(BS)is the unique semi-closed inland sea of China,characterized by degraded water quality due to significant terrestrial pollution input.In order to improve its water quality,a dedicated action named“Uphill Battles for Integrated Bohai Sea Management”(UBIBSM,2018–2020)was implemented by the Chinese government.To evaluate the action effectiveness toward water quality improvement,variability of the satelliteobserved water transparency(Secchi disk depth,Z_(SD))was explored,with special emphasis on the nearshore waters(within 20 km from the coastline)prone to terrestrial influence.(1)Compared to the status before the action began(2011–2017),majority(87.3%)of the nearshore waters turned clear during the action implementation period(2018–2020),characterized by the elevated Z_(SD)by 11.6%±12.1%.(2)Nevertheless,the improvement was not spatially uniform,with higher Z_(SD)improvement in provinces of Hebei,Liaoning,and Shandong(13.2%±16.5%,13.2%±11.6%,10.8%±10.2%,respectively)followed by Tianjin(6.2%±4.7%).(3)Bayesian trend analysis found the abrupt Z_(SD)improvement in April 2018,which coincided with the initiation of UBIBSM,implying the water quality response to pollution control.More importantly,the independent statistics of land-based pollutant discharge also indicated that the significant reduction of terrestrial pollutant input during the UBIBSM action was the main driver of observed Z_(SD)improvement.(4)Compared with previous pollution control actions in the BS,UBIBSM was found to be the most successful one during the past 20 years,in terms of transparency improvement over nearshore waters.The presented results proved the UBIBSM-achieved remarkable water quality improvement,taking the advantage of long-term consistent and objective data record from satellite ocean color observation.

沾化凹陷孤北洼陷东三段沉积体系类型及差异分布

沾化凹陷孤北洼陷东营组油气资源十分丰富,但沉积类型及其分布制约了油气勘探方向和精细勘探。文中综合孤北洼陷钻测井、岩心和三维地震资料,详细研究了东营组东三段沉积类型及其时空分布特征。结果表明:1)孤北洼陷东三段(Ed3)发育近岸水下扇、辫状河三角洲、滑塌浊积扇、滨浅湖和半深湖—深湖沉积。2)东三段沉积类型时空分布差异性特征明显。西缘陡坡带发育近源砂砾岩与暗色泥岩组合的近岸水下扇;南侧和东侧缓坡带发育辫状河三角洲;洼陷内发育湖相泥岩,断裂带附近多为滑塌浊积扇。3)沉积相带影响了储层质量。距源区越远,结构成熟度越高,则有利储层越发育;滑塌浊积扇相带储层质量优于辫状河三角洲相带,近岸水下扇相带相对较差。

典型海相砂质临滨坝沉积演化过程及成因机制

滩坝砂体是重要的油气储层,其形成的水动力机制复杂多变,受露头及现代沉积等资料的局限性影响,坝体的发育过程、几何形态、动态演化模式及构型叠置关系尚不明确。针对以上问题,利用沉积数值模拟与现代沉积相结合的方法,对典型正向线性临滨坝的沉积演化过程及成因机制进行了探讨。研究结果表明:典型海相临滨坝完整的发育阶段包括锥形坝形成期、弯月坝发育期、条带状复合坝形成期、条带状复合坝扩大生长期以及条带状复合坝停止发育期,现代沉积中可见不同发育阶段的坝体。不同演化阶段的坝体受向岸流、环流、沿岸流和底流等水动力控制。锥形坝及弯月坝为多个小规模、近等间距规则排列的坝体,受向岸流及沿岸环流不断冲刷,锥形坝演化为弯月坝。锥形坝及弯月坝间发育裂流凹槽,坝顶可发育回流沟槽,为典型的顶积式沉积过程。弯月坝坝体及坝间凹槽不断被沉积充填,形成相对整一的条带状复合坝,此阶段表现为典型的侧积式沉积过程。复合坝在向岸流及底流改造下变宽、变厚,最终出露水面形成障壁型滨岸。复合坝内部构型可由多个锥形坝、弯月坝及坝间凹槽构成,呈锥形坝-裂流凹槽-锥形坝或弯月坝-裂流凹槽-弯月坝的构型叠置关系,剖面上呈厚—薄—厚的叠置特征。

内陆水下及近岸地形多源数据获取方法研究及应用

内陆水下及近岸地形数据获取有助于对内陆水域进行综合开发和精细化管理,具有重要的社会、经济和生态意义。针对单一数据获取难以满足复杂地形测量的问题,本文提出一种多源数据获取方法,采用航空摄影、机载激光雷达、多波束和单波束测深系统、人工实测等方法获取多源数据,经数据处理后获取全面覆盖水下、近岸、水陆交接处的地形数据,并以尼山水库为例进行试验应用。结果表明,本文方法既实现了水上水下一体化地形数据的获取,又保证了测量成果精度的可靠性,可广泛应用于大中型水库测量工程,为内陆水下及近岸地形测量提供技术支撑。

南海北部近海5种石斑鱼的骨骼系统比较研究

为揭示骨骼系统在石斑鱼类的物种鉴定和系统进化关系研究中的应用潜力,本研究采用传统的骨骼系统比较法分析南海北部近海的尾纹九棘鲈(Cephalopholis urodeta)、鸢鮨(Triso dermopterus)、青石斑鱼(Epinephelus awoara)、拟青石斑鱼(E.fasciatomaculosus)和断带石斑鱼(E.craigi)等3属5种石斑鱼类的骨骼特征。结果显示,在分析的15种骨片中,中筛骨、额骨、翼耳骨、上枕骨、前鳃盖骨、上匙骨、尾舌骨等7种骨片显示出明显的属特征。尾纹九棘鲈的骨片形态结构总体较简单,而鸢鮨和石斑鱼属(Epinephelus)石斑鱼的骨片形态结构更为分化且复杂,并且二者具有相似类型的骨片数最多(8种)。有10种骨片可将断带石斑鱼与青石斑鱼、拟青石斑鱼有效区分,其中翼蝶骨、蝶耳骨、翼耳骨、上枕骨和前鳃盖骨等5种骨片在断带石斑鱼中显示出显著的种类特性。青石斑鱼和拟青石斑鱼的主要骨骼差异在于额骨、前鳃盖骨、上匙骨。本研究的结果支持了鸢鮨属(Triso)与石斑鱼属有较为密切的亲缘关系以及九棘鲈属(Cephalopholis)是较石斑鱼属更为原始的一个独立类群的分子系统学研究结论。同时,本研究为断带石斑鱼的物种有效性提供了骨骼方面的重要证据,也厘清了青石斑鱼和拟青石斑鱼这两个近缘种的差别。本研究结果表明骨骼系统可作为石斑鱼物种辨别和阐明其系统进化关系的重要研究手段。

小清河入海污染物扩散特征及其对近岸工程建设的响应

河流入海污染物是近海污染物的主要来源之一。小清河是莱州湾西南部主要入海河流和污染物来源,近年来小清河口两侧近岸工程建设规模不断扩大,其对小清河入海污染物扩散的影响如何有待深入研究。采用MIKE21数值模型模拟了近岸工程建设对潮流场的影响及小清河入海污染物(无机氮、活性磷酸盐)的扩散特征,探讨了入海污染物扩散对近岸工程建设的响应。研究结果表明:小清河口两侧近岸工程的建设,导致小清河河口附近海域流速有所减小,减小值介于2~21 cm/s。河口两侧的堤坝、防波堤等工程阻挡了污染物向东南、西北方向扩散,使小清河入海污染物扩散范围有所减小,不利于污染物扩散,导致河口附近海域污染物浓度有所增加,从而加剧了小清河河口附近海域的水质污染。因此,近岸工程建设会造成工程附近海域的潮流减弱,削弱近海海域的污染物扩散能力。

全球供应链格局新趋向及我国的战略考量

供应链安全是构建现代化产业体系的重要保障,深刻影响着我国经济的现代化进程。利用全球双边商品贸易数据,结合社会网络分析方法,考察全球供应链格局新趋向和我国面临的供应链新特征。研究表明,近年来全球供应链呈“慢全球化”特征,并演化为四大供应链社团,我国代替日本成为供应链社团新核心。以印度为核心的供应链社团异军突起,引领了全球第四大供应链社团。全球供应链的脆弱性增大,以美国为核心的供应链社团以及高技术产品供应链的脆弱性增势尤为明显。我国的供应链资源调配力增速趋缓,其中,高技术产品供应链的资源调配力放缓最为明显;高技术产品供应链呈近岸化趋势,且断供风险有所提高;中技术产品和低技术产品供应链维持远岸化态势,且断供风险持续下降。我国应以国际局域合作为依托,推动供应链全球化;以我国产业发展阶段为基础,推动供应链保稳工作;警惕以美国为中心的供应链社团潜在阻断点危机及其外溢风险,加快构建保障供应链安全的分级发展机制,充分利用“引进来”和“走出去”政策对冲供应链风险。

秦皇岛市近岸海域水质时空变化及相关性分析

本文结合2017—2022年秦皇岛市近岸海域及入海河流的主要污染物监测数据,分析近岸海域化学需氧量(Chemical Oxygen Demand,COD)、活性磷酸盐、无机氮的浓度时空变化趋势及其与入海河流输入海域污染物总量的相关性。结果表明,秦皇岛市近岸海域水质总体逐年好转,与2017年相比,2022年近岸海域COD、活性磷酸盐及无机氮浓度分别下降43.8%、56.2%和45.1%;冬春季水质明显优于夏秋季;自山海关区往北戴河区方向,海域水质总体逐渐好转;离海岸线垂直距离越远,水质越好;污染因子COD、活性磷酸盐及无机氮在河、海间具有强相关性,Spearman秩相关系数均不小于0.943,表明近岸海域水质主要受入海河流的影响,河流输入是陆源污染入海的主要途径。

东海近岸大气中的^(210)Po、^(210)Bi和^(210)Pb及其沉降入海通量评估

大气^(210)Po、^(210)Bi和^(210)Pb的沉降通量是海洋中核素示踪颗粒物动力学过程(颗粒有机碳输出、颗粒物输运)的基础参数,为揭示我国近海地区^(210)Po、^(210)Bi和^(210)Pb活度浓度的时空变化规律并估算其沉降入海通量,本文于2016年9月至翌年2月和2021年9-11月分别对上海及厦门地区近地表大气气溶胶中^(210)Po、^(210)Pb和^(210)Bi的活度浓度进行了连续观测;基于^(210)Po-^(210)Pb活度比(^(210)Po/^(210)Pb)和^(210)Bi-^(210)Pb活度比(^(210)Bi/^(210)Pb)两种示踪法计算了气溶胶颗粒物的滞留时间,并利用一维简单气溶胶沉降速率模型估算了3种核素以大气沉降方式输入东海的通量。结果显示,2016年上海秋、冬两季^(210)Po、^(210)Bi、^(210)Pb 3种核素活度浓度的变化范围分别为0.11~1.27 m Bq/m^(3)、0.45~1.83 m Bq/m^(3)和1.12~6.10 m Bq/m^(3);2021年秋季厦门^(210)Po、^(210)Bi、^(210)Pb 3种核素活度浓度的变化范围分别为0.05~0.85 m Bq/m^(3)、0.83~2.52 m Bq/m^(3)和0.17~1.32 m Bq/m^(3),上海近地表气溶胶中3种核素的活度浓度秋季平均值比厦门地区高。利用^(210)Po/^(210)Pb和^(210)Bi/^(210)Pb计算得到上海和厦门近地面大气的气溶胶滞留时间存在显著差异,基于^(210)Po/^(210)Pb计算上海气溶胶滞留时间均值为(94±54)d,基于^(210)Bi/^(210)Pb计算上海气溶胶滞留时间均值为(6.4±4.8)d,造成这种差异的原因很可能是两种示踪法本身具有的系统性差异。本文基于一维简易气溶胶沉降速率模型估算了上海地区的^(210)Pb、^(210)Bi和^(210)Po的大气沉降入东海的通量,其在秋季期间的变化范围分别为0.1~26.35 Bq/(m^(2)·d)、0.04~7.91 Bq/(m^(2)·d)和0.01~5.49 Bq/(m^(2)·d)。基于模型估算的^(210)Po、^(210)Bi和^(210)Pb沉降通量与研究区域的实际观测值接近一致,表明利用一维简易气溶胶沉降速率模型间接估算法在替代观测站直测核素的沉降入海通量方面具有一定可行性。

基于粗糙集-GRNN算法的近岸海域生态污染风险评估方法

传统的近岸海域生态污染风险评估方法,只能收集污染物浓度,因此设计一种基于粗糙集-GRNN算法的近岸海域生态污染风险评估方法。从历史监测数据中收集污染物浓度、环境因素和空间坐标等信息,计算污染物从排放口到监测点的迁移时间。确定不同污染物的影响范围,从而针对不同风险等级制定相应的环境保护措施。实验结果表明,设计的基于粗糙集-GRNN算法的近岸海域生态污染风险评估方法对于选取的6个近岸海域风险等级评估均正确,并且模型的输出值均低于标准生态阈值,最高差值达到0.2,证明本文所提方法准确率更高,具有更好的综合性能。

基于多传感器数据融合的近岸海域生态环境智能监测

传统近岸海域生态环境智能监测方法未对近岸海域生态环境监测指标进行制定,监测效率低。提出基于多传感器数据融合的近岸海域生态环境智能监测。制定近岸海域生态环境监测指标,构建海域生态环境监测模型,设计智能监测流程,基于多传感器数据融合实现近岸海域生态环境智能监测,实验结果表明,该研究方法可以减少近岸海域生态环境智能监测开销,监测效率更高。

大湾区块陡坡带沙三中亚段砂砾岩体沉积特征及成因探讨

辽河坳陷东部凹陷大湾区块陡坡带沙三中亚段沉积时期发育了一套砂砾岩体,由于该区勘探程度较低,前人尚未对该区砂砾岩体进行深入的分析和研究,对其成因及分布规律认识不清,制约了该区的勘探进程。利用岩心观察、岩石薄片、粒度分析、重矿物组合特征以及古地貌恢复等技术手段,对研究区砂砾岩体沉积特征、物源及成因进行研究,结果表明:大湾区块陡坡带沙三中亚段砂砾岩体为近岸水下扇沉积体系,物源来自于东部茨榆坨潜山凸起,同时大湾区块位于茨榆坨潜山凸起倾没端,是主物源的优势倾泻方向,有利于形成规模扇体。在此基础上明确了大湾区块陡坡带沙三中亚段砂砾岩体展布特征,从而为大湾区块陡坡带岩性油气藏勘探寻找有利目标提供了指导。

环境变化对海藻场碳汇能力的影响

由温室效应引发的一系列严峻的自然灾害已成为亟待解决的全球问题,在此背景下,习近平总书记在第七十五届联合国大会上提出了“我国碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值,2060年前争取实现碳中和”的目标。海藻场拥有高覆盖面积、高碳汇能力的优势,在我国蓝碳战略中具有重要地位,通过综述海洋暖化、酸化、富营养化及近岸浊度增加对海藻场的固碳、储碳能力的影响,为评估乃至提高海藻场的碳汇能力提供参考,为现实碳中和目标提供支持。

Mechanism of diagenetic trap formation in nearshore subaqueous fans on steep rift lacustrine basin slopes—A case study from the Shahejie Formation on the north slope of the Minfeng Subsag, Bohai Basin, China

Diagenetic traps in conglomerate in nearshore subaqueous fans in the steep slope zones of rift basins have been important exploration targets for subtle reservoirs in eastern China. However, the mechanism of how those traps were formed is not clear, which inhibits further exploration for this type of reservoir. In order to solve the problem, we take as an example nearshore subaqueous fans in the upper part of the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation （Es4s） on the north slope of the Minfeng Subsag in the Dongying Sag. Combining different research methods, such as core observation, thin section examination, scanning electron microscope （SEM） observation, fluid-inclusion analysis, carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of carbonate cements, and analysis of core properties, we studied the genetic mechanisms of diagenetic traps on the basis of diagenetic environment evolution and diagenetic evolution sequence in different sub/micro-facies. Conglomerate in Es4s in the north Minfeng Subsag experienced several periods of transition between alkaline and acidic environments as ＂alkaline-acidic-alkaline-acidic-weak alkaline＂. As a result, dissolution and cementation are also very complex, and the sequence is ＂early pyrite cementation / siderite cementation / gypsum cementation / calcite and dolomite cementation- feldspar dissolution / quartz overgrowth quartz dissolution / ferroan calcite cementation / ankerite cementation / lime-mud matrix recrystallization / feldspar overgrowth carbonate dissolution / feldspar dissolution / quartz overgrowth / pyrite cementation＂. The difference in sedimentary characteristics between different sub/micro-facies of nearshore subaqueous fans controls diagenetic characteristics. Inner fan conglomerates mainly experienced compaction and lime-mud matrix recrystallization, with weak dissolution, which led to a reduction in the porosity and permeability crucial to reservoir formation. Lime-mud matrix recrystallization results in a rapid decrease in porosity and permeability in inner fan conglomerates in middle-to-deep layers. Because acid dissolution reworks reservoirs and hydrocarbon filling inhibits cementation, reservoirs far from mudstone layers in middle fan braided channels develop a great number of primary pores and secondary pores, and are good enough to be effective reservoirs of hydrocarbon. With the increase of burial depth, both the decrease of porosity and permeability of inner fan conglomerates and the increase of the physical property difference between inner fans and middle fans enhance the quality of seals in middle-to-deep layers. As a result, inner fan conglomerates can be sealing layers in middle-to-deep buried layers. Reservoirs adjacent to mudstones in middle fan braided channels and reservoirs in middle fan interdistributaries experienced extensive cementation, and tight cemented crusts formed at both the top and bottom of conglomerates, which can then act as cap rocks. In conclusion, diagenetic traps in conglomerates of nearshore subaqueous fans could be developed with inner fan conglomerates as lateral or vertical sealing layers, tight carbonate crusts near mudstone layers in middle fan braided channels as well as lacustrine mudstones as cap rocks, and conglomerates far from mudstone layers in middle fan braided channels as reservoirs. Lime-mud matrix recrystallization of inner fan conglomerates and carbonate cementation of conglomerates adjacent to mudstone layers in middle fan braided channels took place from 32 Ma B.R to 24.6 Ma B.P., thus the formation of diagenetic traps was from 32 Ma B.R to 24.6 Ma B.R and diagenetic traps have a better hydrocarbon sealing ability from 24 Ma B.P.. The sealing ability of inner fans gradually increases with the increase of burial depth and diagenetic traps buried more than 3,200 m have better seals.

二连盆地阿南凹陷阿3断块下白垩统沉积相研究

内蒙古二连盆地东北部马尼特坳陷东部阿尔善构造带南部的阿南凹陷阿3断块自投入开发以来先后经历了断块的无水采油期、断块的低含水开发期、断块的中低含水期,目前为断块的高含水开发期,进入开发瓶颈期,开发矛盾突出。以阿3断块下白垩统的阿尔善组阿四段和腾格尔组腾一段为研究对象,开展沉积构造、粒度特征、和测井曲线电性特征等识别研究。结果表明:(1)阿尔善期发育近岸水下扇内扇、扇中亚相,至腾格尔组沉积末期发育滨浅湖亚相;(2)平面上受北部阿南大断层的影响,砂体多为北东—南西向展布,垂向上沉积过程中发育水进沉积体系域,水体自下而上逐渐变深,水域扩大;(3)由于相变导致的物性变化制约剩余油挖潜,在沉积相指导下,结合实际生产情况,寻找剩余油相对富集区域。研究区域构造背景、物源方向、时空演化基础上总结阿3断块近岸水下扇沉积模式,寻找优质储层为油田开发提供地质依据。

Three-dimensional numerical modeling of nearshore circulation

A three-dimensional nearshore circulation model was developed by coupling CH3D, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model and REF/DIF, a nearshore wave transformation model. The model solves the three-dimensional wave-averaged equations of motion. Wave-induced effects on circulation were introduced in the form of radiation stresses, wave-induced mass transport, wave-induced enhancement of bottom friction and wave-induced turbulent mixing. Effects of breaking waves were considered following Svendsen (1984a and 1984b) and Stive and Wind (1986). The model was successfully tested against the analytical solution of longshore currents by Longuet and Higgins (1970). The model successfully simulated the undertow as observed in a laboratory experiment by Stive and Wind (1982). In addition, the model was applied to a physical model by Mory and Hamm (1997) and successfully reproduced the eddy behind a detached breakwater as well as the longshore current on the open beach and the contiguous eddy in the open area of the wave tank. While the qualitative agreement between model results and experimental observations was very good, the quantitative agreement needs to be further improved. Albeit difficult to explain every discrepancy between the model results and observations, in general, sources of errors are attributed to the lack of understanding and comprehensive description of following processes: (1)the horizontal and vertical distribution of radiation stress, especially for breaking waves;(2)the detailed structure of turbulence;(3)Wave-current interaction (not included at this moment); and (4)the wave-current boundary layer and the resulting bottom shear stress.

WindSat satellite comparisons with nearshore buoy wind data near the U.S. west and east coasts

Nearshore wind speeds retrieved by WindSat are validated by a comparison with the moored buoy observations near the U.S. west and east coasts. A 30 min and 25 km collection window is used for the WindSat wind data and buoy measurements from ]anuary 2004 to December 2014. Comparisons show that the overall root-mean-square error is better than 1.44 m/s near the U.S. coasts, and the result for the east coast is better than that for the west coast. The retrieval accuracy of the descending portions is slightly better than that of the ascending portions. Most buoy-to-buoy variations are not significantly correlated with the coastal topography, the longitude and the distance from the shore or satellite-buoy separation distance. In addition, comparisons between a polarimetric microwave radiometer and a microwave scatterometer are accomplished with the nearshore buoy observations from 2007 to 2008. The WindSat-derived winds tend to be lower than the buoy observations near the U.S. coasts. In contrast, the QuikSCAT-derived winds tend to be higher than the buoy observations. Overall, the retrieval accuracy of WindSat is slightly better than that of QuikSCAT, and these satellite-derived winds are sufficiently accurate for scientific studies.

Numerical Prediction and Field Verification Test of Wind-Power Generation Potential in Nearshore Area Using a Moored Floating Platform

The offshore turbine system was installed on a floating platform moored in Hakata Bay, offshore of Fukuoka, Japan. An identical turbine system was also installed at the adjacent waterfront. The separation of the two turbines was 3.7 km. Wind flow tends to be more stable and the average wind speed is often larger in offshore areas than adjacent land areas at typical wind turbine hub height. This study focused on the wind condition of a nearshore area to clarify the advantages of nearshore wind farming. Prior to field experiment, wind conditions were predicted by using numerical simulation. It is useful for estimating topographical effect in nearshore areas. Next, field verification test was done by directly comparing wind data obtained from the identical wind turbine systems installed at an offshore location and the adjacent waterfront over the same extended period. The corresponding power output of these turbines was also compared. The data set exhibits 23% larger annual average wind speed at the offshore location and smaller turbulent intensity, resulting doubled annual power production.

Nearshore Wave Field Analysis Using SAR Images

Satellite remote sensing technique offers a wide range of information, and is one of the tools for ocean wave observation. This paper discusses the limitations of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images in wave field analysis. It is found that the wave field analysis is affected by the gray value distribution of image and the relationship between satellite travel and wave propagation directions. Since human activities and coastal engineering are performed in nearshore areas, some issues are discussed for nearshore SAR image analysis. Several case studies show that the wave parameters estimated from nearshore SAR images are quite different from in situ measurements, suggesting that the wave information derived from nearshore SAR images cannot appropriately represent the wave characteristics. One of the reasons is that the wave field is non homogeneous in the nearshore area.

Effect of Sea Level Rise and Offshore Wave Height Change on Nearshore Waves and Coastal Structures

In 1994,Townend proposed a method to calculate the relative changes in various wave characteristics and structure-related parameters due to sea level rise for regular waves.The method was extended to irregular waves by Cheon and Suh in 2016.In this study,this method is further extended to include the effect of future change in offshore wave height and the sea level rise.The relative changes in wavelength,refraction coefficient,shoaling coefficient,and wave height in nearshore area are presented as functions of the relative changes in water depth and offshore wave height.The calculated relative changes in wave characteristics are then used to estimate the effect of sea level rise and offshore wave height change on coastal structures by calculating the relative changes in wave run-up height,overtopping discharge,crest freeboard,and armor weight of the structures.The relative changes in wave characteristics and structure-related parameters are all expressed as a function of the relative water depth for various combinations of the relative changes in water depth and offshore wave height.