Cooperative composites anchored with single atom Pb and carbon confined PbO nanoparticles for superior lead-carbon batteries

The mitigation of sulphation and parasitic hydrogen evolution is considered as prominent research emphasis for the development of lead-carbon batteries(LCBs)in large-scale energy storage applications.Here,cooperative Pb-C composites consisting of single atom Pb and carbon-encapsulated PbO nanoparticles were prepared by freeze-drying technique and pyrolytic reduction to address above obstacles.The innovative use of Pb^(2+)to cross-link sodium alginate enabled a uniform distribution of Pb in the composites,generating Pb-C-PbO three-phase heterostructure.Experimental analysis and theoretical calculations revealed the synergistic interactions between single-atom Pb and PbO nanoparticles in suppressing parasitic hydrogen evolution and promoting the adsorption of Pb atoms.The presence of monatomic Pb and PbO enhanced the affinity of the composites for the negative active materials and facilitated the transformation of the active materials from bulk into spherical shapes to enhance the specific surface area,thereby counteracting sulphation.Through the coordinated integration of various functionalities offered by Pb@C-x,the cycle life of the battery at HRPSoC reaches 7025 cycles,which is two times for LCB with pure carbon materials.Additionally,the discharge capacity increased from 3.52 to 3.79 Ah.This study provides substantial insights into the construction of Pb-C composites for LCBs to inhibit negative sulphation and hydrogen evolution.

Star Movement Is Not Predicted Two-Compartment Model of the Universe

A two-compartment model of the universe is proposed to further refine Albert Einstein’s insight into curvature of space and the energy tensor. The two compartments are energy contained by a shell prism. The model allows for a non-unification of fundamental forces with gravity resulting from the curvature of a space-time prism. Carrier forces travel within the prism and particles emerge from the prism. Giving a thickness to the manifold negates infinity and will allow solutions at both microscopic and cosmic levels. Geometry is the link between quantum mechanics and general relativity. Negative entropy, as proposed by Erwin Schrödinger, gives order to particles and the cosmic. The source of this energy is in the shell of the containment vessel. The acceleration of the expansion of the universe occurred when energy within the container transformed into mass, warping the space-time container and causing an explosion of the container. Star movement is explained by the surface tension of the prism of space-time.

Effect of negative mood,serum inflammatory factors,miR-155,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor

BACKGROUND Abdominal postoperative patients are susceptible to postoperative depression resulting from pain and stress,which can hinder their rehabilitation.Acupuncture has shown potential to relieve this condition.AIM To analyze the mechanism by which acupuncture relieves postoperative depression in patients post-abdominal surgery.METHODS Abdominal postoperative patients with depression between January 2015 and December 2023 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine were enrolled.Patients were divided into two groups using the random throwing method:Observation(250 cases,fluoxetine hydrochloride+acupuncture treatment)and control(250 cases,fluoxetine hydrochloride treatment).Changes in negative emotions Hamilton Depression Scale 24,serum inflammatory factors[tumor necrosis factorα,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6],miR-155 expression levels,and BDNF levels were assessed.RESULTS Significant improvements were observed in the observation group compared to the control group in all assessed parameters after six weeks(P<0.05).This suggests that the combination of fluoxetine hydrochloride and acupuncture may be more effective in managing postoperative depression than medication alone.CONCLUSION Acupuncture complies with the principle of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation and ensures the pertinence and effectiveness of treatment.In addition,it not only actively improves depressive symptoms but also effectively regulates the serum level of inflammatory factors.

OsPIN1a Gene Participates in Regulating Negative Phototropism of Rice Roots

The complete open reading frame of OsPINla was amplified through reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） based on the sequence deposited in GenBank to explore the relationship between the auxin efflux protein OsPINla and the negative phototropism of rice roots. Sequencing results showed that the GC content of OsPINla was 65.49%. The fusion expression vector pCAMBIA-1301-OsP/N1a：：GFP containing the OsPINla gene and a coding green fluorescent protein （gfp） gene was constructed. The fusion vector was transferred into onion epidermal cells by Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation. The transient expression of OsPINla-GFP was mainly located in the nucleus and cell membrane. Moreover, the transgenic plants were obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. Molecular detection performed by using PCR and β-glucuronidase staining showed that the target construct was integrated into the genome of rice. The negative phototropic curvatures of the transgenic rice roots were higher than those of the wild type. Similarly, the expression levels of OsPINla in the transgenic plants were considerably higher than those in the wild-type plants. These results suggest that OsPINla is crucial in the negative phototropic curvature of rice roots.

SELF-NORMALIZED CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM AND ESTIMATION OF VARIANCE OF PARTIAL SUMS FOR NEGATIVE DEPENDENT RANDOM VARIABLES

Let ｛X n,n≥1｝ be a stationary LNQD or NA sequence satisfying EX 1=μ,EX 2 1<∞ and (Var S n)/n→σ 2 as n→∞.In this paper a class of self-normalized central limit theorems and estimators of Var S n are studied.The weak and strong consistency of the estimators of Var S n are presented.

Ethanol electrooxidation on Pd/C nanoparticles in alkaline media

Carbon-supported Pd nanoparticles were prepared by microwave heating-glycol reduction method, and characterized by a wide array of experimental techniques including X-ray diffraction spectroscopy（XRD） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）. The electrooxidation behaviors of ethanol on the Pd/C electrode in alkaline media were investigated using cyclic voltammetry（CV）, chronoamperometry（CA）, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS） and single cell performance methods. Pd/C electrode for ethanol oxidation showed high electro-catalytic activity and long term stability. However, it is observed that the current density decreases with the increasing of the potential and negative impedance presents in the potential from-0.1 to0.1 V. The decreasing current density and the negative impedance could be due to the adsorbed intermediates species that inhibited the further oxidation of ethanol. Based on the chemical reaction analysis and EIS spectra, equivalent circuits relating to various potential zones have been obtained. These results reveal the dynamic adsorption of intermediates species on Pd surfaces. Significantly, it is clarified that the adsorption behavior begins from the maximum catalysis of electro-catalysis and ends in the formation of the palladium（II） oxide layer on the electrode surface.

Effects of Al particles and thin layer on thermal expansion and conductivity of Al-Y_2Mo_3O_(12) cermets

Low thermal expansion composites are difficult to obtain by using Al with larger positive thermal expansion coefficient（TEC） and the materials with smaller negative TECs. In this investigation, Y2Mo3O12 with larger negative TEC is used to combine with Al to obtain a low thermal expansion composite with high conductivity. The TEC of Al is reduced by 19%for a ratio Al：Y2Mo3O12 of 0.3118. When the mass ratio of Al：Y2Mo3O12 increases to 2.0000, the conductivity of the composite increases so much that a transformation from capacitance to pure resistance appears. The results suggest that Y2Mo3O12 plays a dominant role in the composite for low content of Al（presenting isolate particles）, while the content of Al increases enough to contact each other, the composite presents mainly the property of Al. For the effect of high content Al, it is considered that Al is squeezed out of the cermets during the uniaxial pressure process to form a thin layer on the surface.

Analysis of sand particles’ lift-off and incident velocities in wind-blown sand flux

In the research of windblown sand movement,the lift-off and incident velocities of saltating sand particles play a significant role in bridging the spatial and temporal scales from single sand particle＇s motion to windblown sand flux.In this paper,we achieved wind tunnel measurements of the movement of sand particles near sand bed through improving the wind tunnel experimental scheme of paticle image velocimetry（PIV） and data processing method.And then the influence of observation height on the probability distributions of lift-off and incident velocities of sand particles was analyzed.The results demonstrate that the observation height has no obvious influence on the distribution pattern of the lift-off and incident velocities of sand particles,i.e.,the probability distribution of horizontal and vertical velocities of lift-off and incident sand particles follow a Gaussian distribution and a negative exponential distribution,respectively.However,it influences the center of the Gaussian distribution,the decay constant and the amplitude of the negative exponential distribution.

Negative refractions by triangular lattice sonic crystals in partial band gaps

This study numerically demonstrates the effects of partial band gaps on the negative refraction properties of sonic crystal. The partial band gap appearing at the second band edge leads to the efficient transmissions of scattered wave envelopes in the transverse directions inside triangular lattice sonic crystal, and therefore enhances the refraction property of sonic crystal. Numerical simulation results indicate a diagonal guidance of coupled scattered wave envelopes inside crystal structure at the partial band gap frequencies and then output waves are restored in the vicinity of the output interface of sonic crystal by combining phase coherent scattered waves according to Huygens＇ principles. This mechanism leads to two operations for wavefront engineering： one is spatial wavefront shifting operation and the other is convex-concave wavefront inversion operation. The effects of this mechanism on the negative refraction and wave focalization are investigated by using the finite difference time domain （FDTD） simulations. This study contributes to a better understanding of negative refraction and wave focusing mechanisms at the band edge frequencies, and shows the applications of the slab comer beam splitting and SC-air multilayer acoustic system.

The Influence of the Negative Radial Electric Field on the Orbit of Banana Particles in Tokamak

This paper explores the patterns of influence of the negative radial electric field on the drift displacement and trajectory of charged particles, for it is essential for further investigation into the transitional mechanism of L-H Mode. In the light of superposition between the poloidal velocity of charged particles and the E × B drift caused by the negative radial electric field, the paper offers a theoretical analysis and value simulations. Under the action of different radial electric fields, results have been obtained in regard to changes in the velocity of charged particles (mainly ions), patterns of changes in drift displacement, regional change of banana particles, and features of transition and change between trajectories of transiting particles and banana particles.

Nanoparticle-linked antagonist for leptin signaling inhibition in breast cancer

AIM To develop a leptin peptide receptor antagonist linked to nanoparticles and determine its effect on viability of breast cancer cells.METHODS The leptin antagonist, LPrA2, was coupled via EDAC [1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide] to iron oxide nanoparticles(IONP-LPrA2) to increase its efficacy.IONP-LPrA2 conjugation was confirmed by Western blot and nanoparticle tracking analysis.Human triple negative breast cancer(TNBC) MDA-MB-231, HCC1806 and estrogen receptor positive(ER+) MCF-7 cells were analyzed for the expression of the leptin receptor, Ob-R.The effects of leptin and antagonist on levels of leptin-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and cyclin D1, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, and tumorsphere formation in breast cancer cells were determined.Doses of the chemotherapeutics [cisplatin(Cis), cyclophosphamide(CTX), doxorubicin(Dox) and paclitaxel(PTX)] to effectively reduce cell viability were calculated.The effects of combination treatments of IONP-LPrA2 and chemotherapeutics on cell viability were determined.RESULTS Western blot analysis of coupling reaction products identified IONP-LPrA2 at approximately 100 kD.IONPLPrA2 significantly decreased leptin-induced p STAT3 levels in HCC1806 cells and drastically decreased cyclin D1 levels in all cell lines.IONP-LPrA2 significantly reduced leptin-induced S phase progression and cell proliferation in all breast cancer cell lines and the formation of tumorspheres in MDA-MB-231 cells.Also, IONP-LPrA2 showed an additive effect on the reduction of breast cancer cell survival with chemotherapeutics.Cis plus IONP-LPrA2 produced a significant reduction in the survival of MDA-MB-231 and HCC1806 cells.CTX plus IONP-LPrA2 caused a significant decrease in the survival of MDA-MB-231 cells.Dox plus IONP-LPrA2 caused a marked reduction in the survival of HCC1806 cells.Although, PTX plus IONP-LPrA2 did not have a major effect on the viability of the breast cancer cells when compared to PTX alone.CONCLUSION Present data indicate that IONP-LPrA2 may be a useful adjuvant for chemotherapeutic treatment of breast cancer, particularly for TNBC which lacks targeted therapeutic options.

Influence of particle structure on electrochemical character of composite graphite

The natural graphite has been used as the anode material for Lithium-Ion batteries, because of its low cost, chemical stability and excellent reversibility for Li+ insertion. However, the slow diffusion rate of lithium ion and poor compatibility with electrolyte solutions make it difficult to use in some conditions. In order to solve these problems, an epoxy-coke/graphite composite has been manufactured. The particle of composite carbonaceous material coated on non-graphitizable (hard) carbon matrix. Due to the disordered structure, the diffusion rate of lithium species in the non-graphitzable carbon is remarkably fast and less anisotropic. The process for preparing a composite carbon powder provides a promising new anode material with superior electrochemical properties for Li-ion batteries. The unique structure of epoxy-coke/graphite composite electrodes results in much better kinetics, also better recharge ability and initial charge/discharge efficiency.

Origin of Negative Imaginary Part of Effective Permittivity of Passive Materials

The anti-resonant phenomenon of effective electromagnetic parameters of metamaterials has aroused controversy due to negative imaginary permittivity or permeability. It is experimentally found that the negative imaginary permittivity can occur for the natural passive materials near the Fabry Perot resonances. We reveal the nature of negative imaginary permittivity, which is correlated with the magnetoelectric coupling. The anti-resonance of permittivity is a non-inherent feature for passive materials, while it can be inherent for devices or metamaterials. Our finding validates that the negative imaginary part of effective permittivity does not contradict the second law of thermodynamics for metamaterials owing to the magnetoelectric coupling.

Cytotoxicity Study of Gold Nanoparticles on the Basal-Like Triple-Negative HCC-1937 Breast Cancer Cell Line

The Triple Negative “Basal-like” breast cancer (TNBL) tumours have a high proliferative capacity and develop a resistance phenotype associated with metastases. However, the management of TNBL carcinomas is still not standardized. Among the promising trails, gold nanoparticles could be a relevant tool for the development of a targeted treatment for this breast cancer subtype in monotherapy, associated and/or conjugated with other drugs. In this work, we report the cytotoxicity impact of gold nanoparticles wrapped in Poly-Ethylene Glycol (PEG) on the TNBL HCC-1937 breast cancer cell line. PEG-coated gold nanoparticles (PEG-Au NPs) were synthesized by a two-step method using a reduction process followed by a post-functionalization called PEGylation. PEG-Au NPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The gold content of the samples was determined using atomic absorption spectrometer. The cytotoxicity tests were performed using Sulforhodamine B survival test and resazurin viability test. PEG-Au NPs impact analysis on HCC1937 TNBL cell line showed a clear toxic action of type dose dependent and at long term. These PEGylated gold nanoparticles present a promising tool for the development of tumor-specific radiosensitizing vectors, with or without the association of other treatment strategies.

Phenomena in Polarized Disperse Systems Caused by Exchange-Correlation Interaction between Particles

We have studied the self-consistent states of nano- and micro-particle polarized powders and structures consisting of parallel particle chains and have determined conditions under which the static dielectric permittivity of a disperse system is negative. It has been shown that in such system an electric current runs without ohmic losses. We present the arguments for the physics of spontaneous emergence of the electric field in disperse systems made up of electrically neutral particles. It has been determined the influence the phase boundaries of a disperse system has on the origin of spontaneous polarization state. The structures consisting of parallel chains of dielectric particles can exhibit spontaneous polarization. In this case the properties of the spherical structure are similar to those of the ball lightning. It has been established correspondence of the obtained theoretical results with the experimental data available in the literature.

Network Decomposition and Maximum Independent Set Part Ⅱ: Application Research

According to the researches on theoretic basis in part Ⅰ of the paper, the spanning tree algorithms solving the maximum independent set both in even network and in odd network have been developed in this part, part Ⅱ of the paper. The algorithms transform first the general network into the pair sets network, and then decompose the pair sets network into a series of pair subsets by use of the characteristic of maximum flow passing through the pair sets network. As for the even network, the algorithm requires only one time of transformation and decomposition, the maximum independent set can be gained without any iteration processes, and the time complexity of the algorithm is within the bound of O(V3). However, as for the odd network, the algorithm consists of two stages. In the first stage, the general odd network is transformed and decomposed into the pseudo-negative envelope graphs and generalized reverse pseudo-negative envelope graphs alternately distributed at first; then the algorithm turns to the second stage, searching for the negative envelope graphs within the pseudo-negative envelope graphs only. Each time as a negative envelope graph has been found, renew the pair sets network by iteration at once, and then turn back to the first stage. So both stages form a circulation process up to the optimum. Two available methods, the adjusting search and the picking-off search are specially developed to deal with the problems resulted from the odd network. Both of them link up with each other harmoniously and are embedded together in the algorithm. Analysis and study indicate that the time complexity of this algorithm is within the bound of O(V5).

Network Decomposition and Maximum Independent Set Part Ⅰ:Theoretic Basis

The structure and characteristics of a connected network are analyzed, and a special kind of sub-network, which can optimize the iteration processes, is discovered. Then, the sufficient and necessary conditions for obtaining the maximum independent set are deduced. It is found that the neighborhood of this sub-network possesses the similar characters, but both can never be allowed incorporated together. Particularly, it is identified that the network can be divided into two parts by a certain style, and then both of them can be transformed into a pair sets network, where the special sub-networks and their neighborhoods appear alternately distributed throughout the entire pair sets network. By use of this characteristic, the network decomposed enough without losing any solutions is obtained. All of these above will be able to make well ready for developing a much better algorithm with polynomial time bound for an odd network in the the application research part of this subject.

Some Aspects of Multiparticle Production in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions

An attempt is made to study various types of multiplicity distributions and multiplicity correlations amongst secondary charged particles produced in 4.5 and 14.5 A GeV/c 28Si-nucleus interactions. The results reveal that multiplicity correlations of the type , where i, j = b, g, s and h with i ≠ j, are linear. The observed multiplicity correlations are nicely fitted by the method of least squares fitting of the type, = b + ani. Furthermore, the multiplicity distributions of relativistic charged particles and compound multiplicity at 4.5 A GeV/c are nicely fitted by Poisson distributions with peaks at relatively lower multiplicities. However, in the case of multiplicity distributions of various types of secondary charged particles produced in 14.5 A GeV/c 28Si-nucleus collisions definite trends are not discernible.

Random lasing from dye-doped negative liquid crystals using ZnO nanoparticles as tunable scatters

This work demonstrates the realization of a lasing in scattering media,which contains dispersive solution of Zn O nanoparticles（NPs） and laser dye 4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyle-6-（p-dimethylaminostyryl）-4H-pyran（DCM） in negative liquid crystals（LCs） that was injected into a cell.The lasing intensity of the dye-doped negative LC laser can be tuned from low to high if the NPs concentration is increased.The tunability of the laser is attributable to the clusters-sensitive feature in effective refractive index of the negative LCs.Such a tunable negative liquid crystal laser can be used in the fabrication of new optical sources,optical communication,and liquid crystal laser displays.

Negative Mass: Part One

This article presents a physical model, which describes the ideas of special relativity, in a rational, logical, simple and understandable manner, while using basic mathematical tools. The model is based on Albert Einstein’s formula, which describes the “rest” energy of a body with mass (m), given by the formula E=mc2. Based on this formula, and in accordance with the theory of special relativity, we present here a model of a body, moving at a constant velocity in space (at high speeds, close to the speed of light), with speed equal to the speed of light in space-time, determined with an “energy angle” and negative mass. This model offers a method for creating negative mass, a calculating method for the relative velocity, and a method for calculating energy and momentum, in a completely elastic collision and plastic collision, different than in the contemporary nowadays method found in classical and modern physics. In addition, the new model solves problems and paradoxes known in special relativity physics, such as the Twin Paradox and others.