We investigate the electromagnetic properties of a four-level dense atomic gas medium with Doppler effect.It is shown that the relative permittivity and relative permeability of the medium can be negative simultaneous...We investigate the electromagnetic properties of a four-level dense atomic gas medium with Doppler effect.It is shown that the relative permittivity and relative permeability of the medium can be negative simultaneously with low absorption in the same detuning interval on account of electromagnetically induced transparency.Furthermore,with the suitable parameters,the nonreciprocal negative refraction can be obtained due to the Doppler effect,and the nonreciprocity frequency band can be regulated by adjusting the temperature,the intensity of the control field and the atomic density in this hot atomic medium.展开更多
We have discussed theoretically the negative refraction in finite one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystals (PCs) composed of alternative layers with high index contrast. The frequency bands of negative refraction ar...We have discussed theoretically the negative refraction in finite one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystals (PCs) composed of alternative layers with high index contrast. The frequency bands of negative refraction are obtained with the help of the photonic band structure, the group velocity and the power transmittance, which are all obtained in analytical expression. There shows negative transverse position shift at the endface when negative refraction occurs, which is analysed in detail.展开更多
A new design of LHM (left-handed material) is suggested, in which the wave vectork and the energy flowS (the Poynting vector) are in the opposite direction. Metallic cores or lines are coated with ferromagnetic layers...A new design of LHM (left-handed material) is suggested, in which the wave vectork and the energy flowS (the Poynting vector) are in the opposite direction. Metallic cores or lines are coated with ferromagnetic layers to obtain negative permittivity and permeability. This design may bring some improvements over the binary design, such as higher homogeneity, smaller volume size, lower power loss, higher convenience and economy. The analytical expressions for the permittivity ε and permeability μ are shown to be negative in certain direction and frequency regions. Two specific structures are theoretically discussed and proved to be left-handed. Key words left-handed materials - negative refraction - NIM - LHM - artificial crystal CLC number O 438 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10344002)Biography: SU Hua (1978-), male, Master candidate, research direction: information optics.展开更多
This study numerically demonstrates the effects of partial band gaps on the negative refraction properties of sonic crystal. The partial band gap appearing at the second band edge leads to the efficient transmissions ...This study numerically demonstrates the effects of partial band gaps on the negative refraction properties of sonic crystal. The partial band gap appearing at the second band edge leads to the efficient transmissions of scattered wave envelopes in the transverse directions inside triangular lattice sonic crystal, and therefore enhances the refraction property of sonic crystal. Numerical simulation results indicate a diagonal guidance of coupled scattered wave envelopes inside crystal structure at the partial band gap frequencies and then output waves are restored in the vicinity of the output interface of sonic crystal by combining phase coherent scattered waves according to Huygens' principles. This mechanism leads to two operations for wavefront engineering: one is spatial wavefront shifting operation and the other is convex-concave wavefront inversion operation. The effects of this mechanism on the negative refraction and wave focalization are investigated by using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations. This study contributes to a better understanding of negative refraction and wave focusing mechanisms at the band edge frequencies, and shows the applications of the slab comer beam splitting and SC-air multilayer acoustic system.展开更多
This paper suggests a scheme of electromagnetic chirality-induced negative refraction utilizing magneto-lectric cross coupling in a four-level atomic system. The negative refraction can be achieved with the two chiral...This paper suggests a scheme of electromagnetic chirality-induced negative refraction utilizing magneto-lectric cross coupling in a four-level atomic system. The negative refraction can be achieved with the two chirality coefficients having the same amplitude but the opposite phase, without requiring the simultaneous presence of an electric-dipole and a magnetic-dipole transition near the same transition frequency.展开更多
This paper studies the electromagnetic response of a coherently driven dense atomic ensemble to a weak probe. It finds that negative refraction with little absorption may be achieved in the presence of local-field enh...This paper studies the electromagnetic response of a coherently driven dense atomic ensemble to a weak probe. It finds that negative refraction with little absorption may be achieved in the presence of local-field enhanced interaction and dynamically induced chirality. The complex refractive index governing the probe refraction and absorption depends critically on the atomic density, the steady population distribution, the coherence dephasings, and the frequency de- tunings, and is also sensitive to the phase of the driving field because the photonic transition paths form a close loop. Thus, it can periodically tune the refractive index at a fixed frequency from negative to positive values and vice versa just by modulating the driving phase. Moreover, the optimal negative refraction is found to be near the probe magnetic resonance, which then requires the electric fields of the probe and the drive being on two-photon resonance due to the dipole synchronisation.展开更多
This paper has theoretically studied the characteristic frequencies of band structures in two-dimensional metallic- dielectric photonic crystals. It is demonstrated that a large filling fraction benefits the existence...This paper has theoretically studied the characteristic frequencies of band structures in two-dimensional metallic- dielectric photonic crystals. It is demonstrated that a large filling fraction benefits the existence of absolute photonic band gap, while a smaller filling fraction benefits an absolute negative refraction band. In addition, it also finds that the relation between the cut-off frequency of E-polarized wave and the filling fraction exceeding 10% is content with a linear increasing function, whose coefficients are exponential to the normalized lattice constant. These investigations have significant implications for tuning the operational frequencies to desired applications and manufacturing photonic crystals.展开更多
The refraction index of the quantized lossy composite right-left handed transmission line(CRLH-TL) is deduced in the thermal coherence state. The results show that the negative refraction index(herein the left-hand...The refraction index of the quantized lossy composite right-left handed transmission line(CRLH-TL) is deduced in the thermal coherence state. The results show that the negative refraction index(herein the left-handedness) can be implemented by the electric circuit dissipative factors(i.e., the resistances R and conductances G) in a higher frequency band(1.446 GHz≤ ω ≤ 15 GHz), and flexibly adjusted by the left-handed circuit components(Cl, Ll) and the right-handed circuit components(Cr, Lr) at a lower frequency(ω = 0.995 GHz). The flexible adjustment for left-handedness in a wider bandwidth will be significant for the microscale circuit design of the CRLH-TL and may make the theoretical preparation for its compact applications.展开更多
We present a detailed theoretical analysis on the possibilities and conditions for negative permeability and negative refraction occuring in the magnetic materials with both pronounced magnetic and dielectric response...We present a detailed theoretical analysis on the possibilities and conditions for negative permeability and negative refraction occuring in the magnetic materials with both pronounced magnetic and dielectric responses to electromagnetic waves. The results indicate that the permeability is always positive for 5 = (2q +0.5)π (5 is the initial phase difference of magnetic components hx and hy of incident electromagnetic wave, q is integer), which means that it is difficult to realize negative refraction. However, for 5 = 2qπ, 5 = (2q + 1)π, or 5 = (2q - 0.5)π, the negative permeability occurs at some range of free procession frequency, which means that the refraction can become negative under certain conditions. Further analysis reveals that for general positive permittivity there are various opportunities for realizing the negative refraction provided that some requirements are met. One concludes also that the refractive index for δ = 2qπ case is similar to 5 = (2q + 1)π The only difference between two cases of δ = 2qπ and 5 = (2q + 1)π is that the x-direction for δ = 2qπ corresponds to the y-direction for 5 = (2q + 1)π and the y-direction for 5 = 2qπ corresponds to the x-direction for δ = (2q + 1)π. The results are valuable for designing and analysing the complex negative refraction of magnetic materials.展开更多
NeEative refraction at the interface between air and a lossy plasma layer is theoretically analyzed based on the inhomogeneous wave theory. The phenomenon of negative refraction, which arises from the negative refract...NeEative refraction at the interface between air and a lossy plasma layer is theoretically analyzed based on the inhomogeneous wave theory. The phenomenon of negative refraction, which arises from the negative refraction angle, can occur when a transverse magnetic wave is incident from air to the lossy plasma layer under certain conditions. The formula of the negative refraction angle is derived, and the dependences of the negative refraction angle on the angle of incidence, frequency of incidence, and lossy plasma layer are analytically investigated. The parameter dependences of the effects are calculated and discussed.展开更多
By introducing a new mechanism based on purely imaginary metamaterials (PIMs), we reveal that bidirectional negative refraction and planar focusing can be obtained using a pair of PIM slabs, over- coming the unidire...By introducing a new mechanism based on purely imaginary metamaterials (PIMs), we reveal that bidirectional negative refraction and planar focusing can be obtained using a pair of PIM slabs, over- coming the unidirectional limit in parity-time (PT)-symmetric systems. Compared with PT-symmetric systems, which require two different types of materials, the proposed negative refraction can be realized using two identical media. In addition, asymmetric excitation with bidirectional total transmission is observed in our PIM system. Therefore, a new way to realize negative refraction with properties that are unavailable in PT-symmetrie systems is presented.展开更多
A method to realize absolute negative refraction index -1 with a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal is presented by introducing dielectric anisotropy in the photonic crystal material. The band structures of E-pol...A method to realize absolute negative refraction index -1 with a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal is presented by introducing dielectric anisotropy in the photonic crystal material. The band structures of E-polarization mode and H-polarization mode can be adjusted by changing the parameters of materials. Thus the two modes with different polarizations have the same negative refraction index -1 for the same frequency. The results are demonstrated by numerical simulation based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method.展开更多
Negative-index refraction is demonstrated in a lamellar composite with epsilon-negative (ENG) and mu-negative (MNG) materials stacked alternatively. Based on the effective medium approximation, simultaneously nega...Negative-index refraction is demonstrated in a lamellar composite with epsilon-negative (ENG) and mu-negative (MNG) materials stacked alternatively. Based on the effective medium approximation, simultaneously negative effective permittivity and permeability of such a lamellar composite are obtained theoretically and further proven by full-wave simulations. Consequently, the renowned left-handed metamaterial comprising split ring resonators and wires is interpreted as an analogy of such ENG-MNG layers. In addition, beyond the effective medium approximation, the propagating field squeezed near the ENG/MNG interface is demonstrated to be left-handed surface waves with backward phase velocity.展开更多
Using the Maxwell's equations, we carry out theoretical analysis on the maximum incident and refractive angles at which negative refraction can be realized at the interfaces associated with conventional uniaxial medi...Using the Maxwell's equations, we carry out theoretical analysis on the maximum incident and refractive angles at which negative refraction can be realized at the interfaces associated with conventional uniaxial media. In the numerical analysis, the largest incident and refractive angles at which refraction arises are obtained by optimizing directions of the optical axis of the uniaxial bicrystal. Meanwhile, the optical parameters of the ordinary uniaxial bicrystals (including homogeneity- junction and heterogeneity-junction) are given, and some representative laser wavelengths, the largest incident and refractive angles are obtained. The relation between the largest incident angles (or refractive angles) and refractive index is also discussed.展开更多
Since the complete correction of all five monochromatic Seidel aberrations for a singlet lens with random shape or a two-thin-lens system is unprocurable merely by using the conventional positive-index materials both ...Since the complete correction of all five monochromatic Seidel aberrations for a singlet lens with random shape or a two-thin-lens system is unprocurable merely by using the conventional positive-index materials both in theory and practice, this paper proposes that when one or both of the two lenses is/are made from negative-index materials, an imaging system composed of a pair of spherical thin lenses is possible to form a real image, in air, free from all five monochromatic Seidel aberrations. The calculated numerical solutions to the structural parameters of such lens systems possessing superior performance are provided and examples of them are illustrated for the given combinations of the two lenses' refractive indices, including an ultimately-remote imaging system.展开更多
Wave reflection and refraction at the interface between a normal media and a one-dimensional left-handed material (1 DLHM) with a hyperbolic dispersion relationship is studied. It is found that in a special case tha...Wave reflection and refraction at the interface between a normal media and a one-dimensional left-handed material (1 DLHM) with a hyperbolic dispersion relationship is studied. It is found that in a special case that the boundary is perpendicular to one asymptotic line of the hyperbola, phase matching cannot be achieved unless the 1 DLHM is regarded to be intrinsically lossy. After introducing a small loss factor to the 1 DLHM, a reasonable solution for the phase matching is obtained. According to the analytical result, a wave confined to a thin layer near the boundary is found, which can be excited at the interface as a reflected wave or a refracted wave attenuating drastically away from the boundary inside the 1 DLHM in both cases.Wave reflection and refraction at the interface between a normal media and a one-dimensional left-handed material (1 DLHM) with a hyperbolic dispersion relationship is studied. It is found that in a special case that the boundary is perpendicular to one asymptotic fine of the hyperbola, phase matching cannot be achieved unless the 1 DLHM is regarded to be intrinsically lossy. After introducing a small loss factor to the 1 DLHM, a reasonable solution for the phase matching is obtained. According to the analytical result, a wave confined to a thin layer near the boundary is found, which can be excited at the interface as a reflected wave or a refracted wave attenuating drastically away from the boundary inside the 1 DLHM in both cases.展开更多
Refraction index mismatch between fiat left-handed metamaterial (LHM) lens and its surrounding medium generally destroys the focusing of flat LHM lens and degrades the performance of near-field target detection by u...Refraction index mismatch between fiat left-handed metamaterial (LHM) lens and its surrounding medium generally destroys the focusing of flat LHM lens and degrades the performance of near-field target detection by using fiat LHM lens. For LHM lens of refraction index mismatch within ±30%, numerical simulations demonstrate that lenses with large refraction index may suffer less resolution degradation than lenses with small refraction index, and the enhancement of refocused microwave backscattered from target can be subsided by up to approximately 5.5 dB. The refraction index mismatch will also shift the target position in the reconstructed image so that theoretical prediction of target position needs to be modified.展开更多
We investigate a nanoscale metal waveguide array (MWGA) structure and demonstrate that negative refraction effect exists from the visible to infrared frequency. Our numerical analysis shows that this effect is relat...We investigate a nanoscale metal waveguide array (MWGA) structure and demonstrate that negative refraction effect exists from the visible to infrared frequency. Our numerical analysis shows that this effect is related to output interface of MWGAs. Refraction light would have different directions on the gradient shaped output surface as a result of phase retardation control by waveguide thickness. Finite-difference time-domain analysis shows that more sharp superdiffraction limit imaging can be obtained by constructing convex-like output interface topography.展开更多
By means of the theory of electromagnetic wave propagation and transfer matrix method, this paper investigates the band rules for the frequency spectra of three kinds of one-dimensional (1D) aperiodic photonic cryst...By means of the theory of electromagnetic wave propagation and transfer matrix method, this paper investigates the band rules for the frequency spectra of three kinds of one-dimensional (1D) aperiodic photonic crystals (PCs), generalized Fibonacci GF(p, 1), GF(1,2), and Thue Morse (TM) PCs, with negative refractive index (NRI) materials. It is found that all of these PCs can open a broad zero-n gap, TM PC possesses the largest zero-n gap, and with the increase of p, the width of the zero-n gap for GF(p, 1) PC becomes smaller. This characteristic is caused by the symmetry of the system and the open position of the zero-n gap. It is found that for GF(p, 1) PCs, the possible limit zero-n gaps open at lower frequencies with the increase of p, but for GF(1,2) and TM PCs, their limit zero-n gaps open at the same frequency. Additionally, for the tbree bottom-bands, we find the interesting perfect self-similarities of the evolution structures with the increase of generation, and obtain the corresponding subband-number formulae. Based on 11 types of evolving manners Qi (i = 1, 2,... , 11) one can plot out the detailed evolution structures of the three kinds of aperiodic PCs for any generation.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61671279)financial support from Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation(OMA)。
文摘We investigate the electromagnetic properties of a four-level dense atomic gas medium with Doppler effect.It is shown that the relative permittivity and relative permeability of the medium can be negative simultaneously with low absorption in the same detuning interval on account of electromagnetically induced transparency.Furthermore,with the suitable parameters,the nonreciprocal negative refraction can be obtained due to the Doppler effect,and the nonreciprocity frequency band can be regulated by adjusting the temperature,the intensity of the control field and the atomic density in this hot atomic medium.
基金Project supported by China and Shanghai Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No 2004036317), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Fiber 0ptics (Shanghai University), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 60377025), Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipal (Grant Nos 03QMH1405 and 04JC14036) and the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Program (Grant Nos T0102 and T0104).
文摘We have discussed theoretically the negative refraction in finite one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystals (PCs) composed of alternative layers with high index contrast. The frequency bands of negative refraction are obtained with the help of the photonic band structure, the group velocity and the power transmittance, which are all obtained in analytical expression. There shows negative transverse position shift at the endface when negative refraction occurs, which is analysed in detail.
文摘A new design of LHM (left-handed material) is suggested, in which the wave vectork and the energy flowS (the Poynting vector) are in the opposite direction. Metallic cores or lines are coated with ferromagnetic layers to obtain negative permittivity and permeability. This design may bring some improvements over the binary design, such as higher homogeneity, smaller volume size, lower power loss, higher convenience and economy. The analytical expressions for the permittivity ε and permeability μ are shown to be negative in certain direction and frequency regions. Two specific structures are theoretically discussed and proved to be left-handed. Key words left-handed materials - negative refraction - NIM - LHM - artificial crystal CLC number O 438 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10344002)Biography: SU Hua (1978-), male, Master candidate, research direction: information optics.
基金Project supported by the Inonu Universty Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit(Grant Nos.2012/29 and 2013/56)
文摘This study numerically demonstrates the effects of partial band gaps on the negative refraction properties of sonic crystal. The partial band gap appearing at the second band edge leads to the efficient transmissions of scattered wave envelopes in the transverse directions inside triangular lattice sonic crystal, and therefore enhances the refraction property of sonic crystal. Numerical simulation results indicate a diagonal guidance of coupled scattered wave envelopes inside crystal structure at the partial band gap frequencies and then output waves are restored in the vicinity of the output interface of sonic crystal by combining phase coherent scattered waves according to Huygens' principles. This mechanism leads to two operations for wavefront engineering: one is spatial wavefront shifting operation and the other is convex-concave wavefront inversion operation. The effects of this mechanism on the negative refraction and wave focalization are investigated by using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations. This study contributes to a better understanding of negative refraction and wave focusing mechanisms at the band edge frequencies, and shows the applications of the slab comer beam splitting and SC-air multilayer acoustic system.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60768001 and 10464002)
文摘This paper suggests a scheme of electromagnetic chirality-induced negative refraction utilizing magneto-lectric cross coupling in a four-level atomic system. The negative refraction can be achieved with the two chirality coefficients having the same amplitude but the opposite phase, without requiring the simultaneous presence of an electric-dipole and a magnetic-dipole transition near the same transition frequency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10874057)
文摘This paper studies the electromagnetic response of a coherently driven dense atomic ensemble to a weak probe. It finds that negative refraction with little absorption may be achieved in the presence of local-field enhanced interaction and dynamically induced chirality. The complex refractive index governing the probe refraction and absorption depends critically on the atomic density, the steady population distribution, the coherence dephasings, and the frequency de- tunings, and is also sensitive to the phase of the driving field because the photonic transition paths form a close loop. Thus, it can periodically tune the refractive index at a fixed frequency from negative to positive values and vice versa just by modulating the driving phase. Moreover, the optimal negative refraction is found to be near the probe magnetic resonance, which then requires the electric fields of the probe and the drive being on two-photon resonance due to the dipole synchronisation.
基金Project supported by the National 973 (Grant No 2004CB719804) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘This paper has theoretically studied the characteristic frequencies of band structures in two-dimensional metallic- dielectric photonic crystals. It is demonstrated that a large filling fraction benefits the existence of absolute photonic band gap, while a smaller filling fraction benefits an absolute negative refraction band. In addition, it also finds that the relation between the cut-off frequency of E-polarized wave and the filling fraction exceeding 10% is content with a linear increasing function, whose coefficients are exponential to the normalized lattice constant. These investigations have significant implications for tuning the operational frequencies to desired applications and manufacturing photonic crystals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61205205 and 6156508508)the General Program of Yunnan Provincial Applied Basic Research Project,China(Grant No.2016FB009)the Foundation for Personnel Training Projects of Yunnan Province,China(Grant No.KKSY201207068)
文摘The refraction index of the quantized lossy composite right-left handed transmission line(CRLH-TL) is deduced in the thermal coherence state. The results show that the negative refraction index(herein the left-handedness) can be implemented by the electric circuit dissipative factors(i.e., the resistances R and conductances G) in a higher frequency band(1.446 GHz≤ ω ≤ 15 GHz), and flexibly adjusted by the left-handed circuit components(Cl, Ll) and the right-handed circuit components(Cr, Lr) at a lower frequency(ω = 0.995 GHz). The flexible adjustment for left-handedness in a wider bandwidth will be significant for the microscale circuit design of the CRLH-TL and may make the theoretical preparation for its compact applications.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50772120 and 60977004)Funds of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for Key Topics in Innovation Engineering (Grant No. KJCXZYW.NANO.06)+1 种基金Shanghai Rising StarTracking Program (Grant No. 10QH1402700)UNAM-DGAPA Mexico IN120406-3
文摘We present a detailed theoretical analysis on the possibilities and conditions for negative permeability and negative refraction occuring in the magnetic materials with both pronounced magnetic and dielectric responses to electromagnetic waves. The results indicate that the permeability is always positive for 5 = (2q +0.5)π (5 is the initial phase difference of magnetic components hx and hy of incident electromagnetic wave, q is integer), which means that it is difficult to realize negative refraction. However, for 5 = 2qπ, 5 = (2q + 1)π, or 5 = (2q - 0.5)π, the negative permeability occurs at some range of free procession frequency, which means that the refraction can become negative under certain conditions. Further analysis reveals that for general positive permittivity there are various opportunities for realizing the negative refraction provided that some requirements are met. One concludes also that the refractive index for δ = 2qπ case is similar to 5 = (2q + 1)π The only difference between two cases of δ = 2qπ and 5 = (2q + 1)π is that the x-direction for δ = 2qπ corresponds to the y-direction for 5 = (2q + 1)π and the y-direction for 5 = 2qπ corresponds to the x-direction for δ = (2q + 1)π. The results are valuable for designing and analysing the complex negative refraction of magnetic materials.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11205119the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China under Grant No WUT:2014-Ia-009
文摘NeEative refraction at the interface between air and a lossy plasma layer is theoretically analyzed based on the inhomogeneous wave theory. The phenomenon of negative refraction, which arises from the negative refraction angle, can occur when a transverse magnetic wave is incident from air to the lossy plasma layer under certain conditions. The formula of the negative refraction angle is derived, and the dependences of the negative refraction angle on the angle of incidence, frequency of incidence, and lossy plasma layer are analytically investigated. The parameter dependences of the effects are calculated and discussed.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11604229), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20171206), the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 2015M580456), and the Fundamental Research Fundsfor the Central Universities (Grant No. 20720170015). Y. Xu is grateful for support from the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology at Soochow University.
文摘By introducing a new mechanism based on purely imaginary metamaterials (PIMs), we reveal that bidirectional negative refraction and planar focusing can be obtained using a pair of PIM slabs, over- coming the unidirectional limit in parity-time (PT)-symmetric systems. Compared with PT-symmetric systems, which require two different types of materials, the proposed negative refraction can be realized using two identical media. In addition, asymmetric excitation with bidirectional total transmission is observed in our PIM system. Therefore, a new way to realize negative refraction with properties that are unavailable in PT-symmetrie systems is presented.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60471047)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.04011308)the Shenzhen Bureau of Science and Technology
文摘A method to realize absolute negative refraction index -1 with a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal is presented by introducing dielectric anisotropy in the photonic crystal material. The band structures of E-polarization mode and H-polarization mode can be adjusted by changing the parameters of materials. Thus the two modes with different polarizations have the same negative refraction index -1 for the same frequency. The results are demonstrated by numerical simulation based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method.
基金Project supported by the State Key Program for Basic Research of China (Grant No 2004CB619003), and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 90201008).
文摘Negative-index refraction is demonstrated in a lamellar composite with epsilon-negative (ENG) and mu-negative (MNG) materials stacked alternatively. Based on the effective medium approximation, simultaneously negative effective permittivity and permeability of such a lamellar composite are obtained theoretically and further proven by full-wave simulations. Consequently, the renowned left-handed metamaterial comprising split ring resonators and wires is interpreted as an analogy of such ENG-MNG layers. In addition, beyond the effective medium approximation, the propagating field squeezed near the ENG/MNG interface is demonstrated to be left-handed surface waves with backward phase velocity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.60407007, 60377025) the Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Education (Grant No.A03Q23), and the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No.T0104)
文摘Using the Maxwell's equations, we carry out theoretical analysis on the maximum incident and refractive angles at which negative refraction can be realized at the interfaces associated with conventional uniaxial media. In the numerical analysis, the largest incident and refractive angles at which refraction arises are obtained by optimizing directions of the optical axis of the uniaxial bicrystal. Meanwhile, the optical parameters of the ordinary uniaxial bicrystals (including homogeneity- junction and heterogeneity-junction) are given, and some representative laser wavelengths, the largest incident and refractive angles are obtained. The relation between the largest incident angles (or refractive angles) and refractive index is also discussed.
基金Project partially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No2004CB719802)an additional support from the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province,China
文摘Since the complete correction of all five monochromatic Seidel aberrations for a singlet lens with random shape or a two-thin-lens system is unprocurable merely by using the conventional positive-index materials both in theory and practice, this paper proposes that when one or both of the two lenses is/are made from negative-index materials, an imaging system composed of a pair of spherical thin lenses is possible to form a real image, in air, free from all five monochromatic Seidel aberrations. The calculated numerical solutions to the structural parameters of such lens systems possessing superior performance are provided and examples of them are illustrated for the given combinations of the two lenses' refractive indices, including an ultimately-remote imaging system.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 60531020, 60201001, 60277018 and 60371010.
文摘Wave reflection and refraction at the interface between a normal media and a one-dimensional left-handed material (1 DLHM) with a hyperbolic dispersion relationship is studied. It is found that in a special case that the boundary is perpendicular to one asymptotic line of the hyperbola, phase matching cannot be achieved unless the 1 DLHM is regarded to be intrinsically lossy. After introducing a small loss factor to the 1 DLHM, a reasonable solution for the phase matching is obtained. According to the analytical result, a wave confined to a thin layer near the boundary is found, which can be excited at the interface as a reflected wave or a refracted wave attenuating drastically away from the boundary inside the 1 DLHM in both cases.Wave reflection and refraction at the interface between a normal media and a one-dimensional left-handed material (1 DLHM) with a hyperbolic dispersion relationship is studied. It is found that in a special case that the boundary is perpendicular to one asymptotic fine of the hyperbola, phase matching cannot be achieved unless the 1 DLHM is regarded to be intrinsically lossy. After introducing a small loss factor to the 1 DLHM, a reasonable solution for the phase matching is obtained. According to the analytical result, a wave confined to a thin layer near the boundary is found, which can be excited at the interface as a reflected wave or a refracted wave attenuating drastically away from the boundary inside the 1 DLHM in both cases.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 60771041, Department of Personnel of Jiangsu Province under Grant 06-E-060, and Department of Education of Jiangsu Province under Grant 05KJB510012.
文摘Refraction index mismatch between fiat left-handed metamaterial (LHM) lens and its surrounding medium generally destroys the focusing of flat LHM lens and degrades the performance of near-field target detection by using fiat LHM lens. For LHM lens of refraction index mismatch within ±30%, numerical simulations demonstrate that lenses with large refraction index may suffer less resolution degradation than lenses with small refraction index, and the enhancement of refocused microwave backscattered from target can be subsided by up to approximately 5.5 dB. The refraction index mismatch will also shift the target position in the reconstructed image so that theoretical prediction of target position needs to be modified.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Programme of China under Grant No 2006CB302905, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 60736037, and the Science and Technological Fund of Anhui Province for Outstanding Youth (08040106805).
文摘We investigate a nanoscale metal waveguide array (MWGA) structure and demonstrate that negative refraction effect exists from the visible to infrared frequency. Our numerical analysis shows that this effect is related to output interface of MWGAs. Refraction light would have different directions on the gradient shaped output surface as a result of phase retardation control by waveguide thickness. Finite-difference time-domain analysis shows that more sharp superdiffraction limit imaging can be obtained by constructing convex-like output interface topography.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10974061)the Program for Innovative Research Team of the Higher Education of Guangdong Province of China (Grant No 06CXTD005)
文摘By means of the theory of electromagnetic wave propagation and transfer matrix method, this paper investigates the band rules for the frequency spectra of three kinds of one-dimensional (1D) aperiodic photonic crystals (PCs), generalized Fibonacci GF(p, 1), GF(1,2), and Thue Morse (TM) PCs, with negative refractive index (NRI) materials. It is found that all of these PCs can open a broad zero-n gap, TM PC possesses the largest zero-n gap, and with the increase of p, the width of the zero-n gap for GF(p, 1) PC becomes smaller. This characteristic is caused by the symmetry of the system and the open position of the zero-n gap. It is found that for GF(p, 1) PCs, the possible limit zero-n gaps open at lower frequencies with the increase of p, but for GF(1,2) and TM PCs, their limit zero-n gaps open at the same frequency. Additionally, for the tbree bottom-bands, we find the interesting perfect self-similarities of the evolution structures with the increase of generation, and obtain the corresponding subband-number formulae. Based on 11 types of evolving manners Qi (i = 1, 2,... , 11) one can plot out the detailed evolution structures of the three kinds of aperiodic PCs for any generation.