Photopic negative response in diagnosis of glaucoma:an experimental study in glaucomatous rabbit model

AIM: To determine whether the photopic negative response(Ph NR) elicited by transient white flash on white background is characterizing for glaucoma model in rabbits.METHODS: Glaucoma was induced in twelve rabbits by subconjunctival injection of 0.05 m L of betamethasone in right eyes(each 1 m L contain betamethasone dipropionate5 mg and betamethasone sodium phosphate 2 mg).The intraocular pressure(IOP), electroretinogram(ERG) and visual evoked potential(VEP) were measured successively prior and on the 3, 7d, two weeks and four weeks postglaucoma induction. After four weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the globes were histopathologically examined.RESULTS: The IOP increased significantly after one week(P =0.0001), then it gradually returned to the control level. In ERG examination, the means of a and b wave amplitude and latency were not affected significantly.Ph NR amplitude decreased significantly within one week(P =0.0001), but its latency was not affected significantly(P =0.132). The means of VEP latency and amplitude were significantly affected after two weeks and four weeks of glaucoma induction(P =0.0001 and 0.02,respectively). The histopathologic examination of the globes showed reduced number of cells in the retinal ganglion cell layer with multiple vacuoles in the retinal nerve fibre layer.There was significant positive correlation between ganglion cell layer cells and Ph NR amplitude( r =0.8, P =0.002).CONCLUSION: The rise in IOP resulted in irreversible changes or incomplete recovery of VEP and Ph NR amplitude. Both Ph NR and VEP represented good additional tools in early diagnosis of glaucoma.

Long noncoding RNA negative regulator of antiviral response contributes to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression via targeting miR-299-3p

BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal cancer(PDAC)has high malignancy and poor prognosis.Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)are associated with high levels of malignancy,including PDAC.However,the biological and clinical significance of negative regulator of antiviral response(NRAV)in PDAC is unclear.AIM To study the regulatory role of lncRNA NRAV in PDAC.METHODS GEPIA analyzed lncRNA NRAV and miRNA(miR-299-3p)expression levels in PDAC tissues and measured them in PDAC cells by quantitative measurements in real time.The specific role of NRAV and miR-299-3p in cell proliferation and transfer potential was evaluated by cell formation analysis,Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell analysis.The relationship between NRAV and miR-299-3p was studied by predictive bioinformatics,RNA immunoassay,and fluorescence enzyme analysis.In vivo experiments included transplantation of simulated tumor cells under naked mice.RESULTS The expression level of lncRNA NRAV was higher in both tumor tissues and cell lines of PDAC and was negatively associated with the clinical survival of PDAC patients.Functionally,overexpression of NRAV promoted cell proliferation and metastasis of PDAC cells,while knockdown of NRAV reversed these effects.Finally,NRAV was performed as a molecular sponge of miR-299-3p.Moreover,overexpression of miR-299-3p could reverse the promoting effects of NRAV on cell proliferation and metastasis of PDAC cells.CONCLUSION NRAV facilitates progression of PDAC as a molecular sponge of miR-299-3p and may be a potential molecular marker for diagnosis and treatment of PDAC.

Adaptive Modeling for Security Infrastructure Fault Response

Based on the analysis of inherent limitations in existing security response decision-making systems, a dynamic adaptive model of fault response is presented. Several security fault levels were founded, which comprise the basic level, equipment level and mechanism level. Fault damage cost is calculated using the analytic hierarchy process. Meanwhile, the model evaluates the impact of different responses upon fault repair and normal operation. Response operation cost and response negative cost are introduced through quantitative calculation. This model adopts a comprehensive response decision of security fault in three principles--the maximum and minimum principle, timeliness principle, acquiescence principle, which assure optimal response counter- measure is selected for different situations. Experimental results show that the proposed model has good self- adaptation ability, timeliness and cost-sensitiveness.

The evolution characteristics of positive and negative earthquakes before strong quakes in Kanto area and the Hyugo earthquake in Japan

This paper studies the evolution charateristics of positive and negative quakes before Hyugo earthquake of M =7.2 and several strong quakes in Kanto area in Japan.The results show that the earthquakes over a certain megnitude are mainly positive ones a certain time before the main shock in or near the focal regions of most strong quakes,and form a concentratingintervals of positive quakes,The main quakes generally locate in or near the areas of positive quake distribution.Negative quakes often occur several months before the main shocks (not excluding positive ones), with the decrease of LURR (Loading/Unloading Response Ratio) values.It possibly shows that earthquake generating process has come to a short term stage.These characteristics may help to predict the time and location of the future earthquakes,and have been applied to the preliminary prediction of the time and the location of the earthquake of M =6.6 on Sep.11,1996 in Kanto area.