Anti-Amnesic Activity of Vitex Negundo in Scopolamine Induced Amnesia in Rats

In the present study we investigated the anti-amnesic activity of Vitex negundo in scopolamine induced amnesia in rats. Wistar rats (180-200 g) were trained on active avoidance task. Each animal received session of 15 trials with inter trial duration of 15 s for 5 days. Scopolamine (3 mg/kg, i.p) was administered at different time periods on the basis of stages of memory i.e acquisition, consolidation and retention in different groups (n = 6). Effect of Vitex negundo extract was evaluated and compared to a standard drug, Donepezil. Significant (p 【0.05) increase in the avoidance response on the 5th session has been observed as compared to 1st session in control group. Scopolamine treatment significantly (p 【0.05) reduced the avoidance response compared to control. Extract treated groups shown significant (p 【0.05) increase in number of avoidance responses as compared to scopolamine treated groups. Increased oxidative stress in brain after scopolamine treatment, as observed by increase in MDA &decrease in GSH &SOD, was lowered in the groups treated with extracts. AChE activity was also improved after V. negundo treatment. Results of the study have shown that V. negundo treated groups decrease the phenomenon of amnesia by increasing learning of memory through antioxidant effect and decreasing AChE activity.

Effects of Nano-Cerium Oxide on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Vitex negundo

Cerium oxide nanoparticles(CeO_(2) NPs)are likely to have dramatic impacts on plant performances,yet the effects of CeO_(2) NPs on seed germination and seedling growth have not been fully explored.In this study,the seed germination and seedling growth of subshrub species Vitex negundo under different concentrations of CeO_(2) NPs(low-1 mg/L,medium-100 mg/L,high-500 mg/L)have been discussed.Results showed that:(1)The seed germination rate reduces by 11.25%and 2.5%under the low and medium concentrations of CeO_(2) NPs,respectively,but increased by 7.08%under the high concentration;(2)CeO_(2) NPs had significant effects on the growth traits(root length,shoot height and biomass)of seedlings,being the highest under the medium concentration and the lowest under the highest concentration;(3)The superoxide dismutase activity was the maximum(355.91 U/g),but the protein concentration was the minimum(3.85 ug/mL)under the high concentration of CeO_(2) NPs.Our results indicated that the effects of CeO_(2) NPs on seed germination and seedling growth are concentration-dependency,i.e.,low and medium concentrations inhibited while high concentration promoted seed germination,however,seedling growth showed opposite responses.Therefore,appropriate CeO_(2) NPs concentrations are beneficial to the seed germination and seedling growth of Vitex negundo and improve the physiological performance of seedlings and enhance their adaptability to environmental adversity.

Antifilarial activity of ethyl acetate extract of Vitex negundo leaves in vitro

Objective:To evaluate the possible antifilarial effect of ethyl acetate extract of Vitex negundo(Verhenaceae)leaves against Selaria cervi filarial parasite in vitro.Methods:In vitro screening was done by the method of motility inhibition and NTT reduction assay with concentralions of0.03 to 1.00 mg/mL for 2 to 24 h incubation periods respectively,for possible antifilarial effect by comparing with control.Results:In motility assay,complete inhibition of motility was observed and in MTT reduction assay which gave>50%reduction for concentrations 0.20,0.50and 1.00 mg/mL at 10,6 and 2 h incubation periods respectively in a dose dependent manner(P<0.05).An antifilarial effect imparted by plant extract was found to be a function of their relative concentrations.Inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))for the plant extract was found to be 0.16mg/mL.Conclusions:The present study recorded significant antifilarial effect of Vitex negundo plant extract and contributed toward the development of database for novel drug candidates for lymphatic fllariasis.

In vitro and in vivo bactericidal activity of Vitex negundo leaf extract against diverse multidrug resistant enteric bacterial pathogens

Objective:To investigate in vitro and in vivo antibacterial potentials of Vitex negundo(V. negundo) leaf extracts against diverse enteric pathogens.Methods:Water and methanol extracts of V.negundo leaves were evaluated against enteric bacterial pathogens by using standard disc diffusion,viable bacterial cell count methods,determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBC).Results:Methanol extract of V.negundo leaves showed potent antibacterial activity(inhibition zone:9.9-22.6 mm,MIC: 200-3 200μg/mL.MBC:200-6 400μg/mL) against all the pathogenic enteric bacteria(Vibrio cholerae.Vibrio parahemolyticus.Vibrio mimicus.Echerichia coli,Shigella spps.,and Aeromonas spps) tested.Methanol extract of V.negundo leaves showed potent bactericidal activity both in vitro laboratory conditions(MBC,200-400μg/mL) and in the intestinal environment(Dose,1-2 mg/mL) of infant mice against pathogenic Vibrio cholerae,the major causative agent of cholera. Furthermore,assays using the mice cholera model showed that V.negundo methanol extract can protect mice from Vibrio cholerae infection and significandy decrease the mortality rate(P【0.0001). Conclusions:For the first time we showed thal medianol extract of V.negundo leaves exhibited strong vihriocidal activity both in vitro and in vivo conditions.Therefore,it will he useful to identify and isolate the active compounds of this extract that could be a good alternative of antibiotics to treat cholera.

In vitro and in vivo bactericidal activity of Vitex negundo leaf extract against diverse multidrug resistant enteric bacterial pathogens

Objective:To investigate in vitro and in vivo antibacterial potentials of Vitex negundo(V. negundo) leaf extracts against diverse enteric pathogens.Methods:Water and methanol extracts of V.negundo leaves were evaluated against enteric bacterial pathogens by using standard disc diffusion,viable bacterial cell count methods,determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBC).Results:Methanol extract of V.negundo leaves showed potent antibacterial activity(inhibition zone:9.9- 22.6 mm,MIC: 200-3 200μg/mL,MBC:200-6 400μg/mL) against all the pathogenic enleric bacteria(Vibrio cholerae,Vibrio parahaemolyticus,Vibrio mimicus,Echerichia coli.Shigella spps.,and Aeromonas spps) tested.Methanol extract of V.negundo leaves showed potent bactericidal activity both in vitro laboratory conditions(MBC,200-400μg/mL) and in the intestinal environment(Dose,1-2 mg/mL) of infant mice against pathogenic Vibrio cholerae,the major causative agent of cholera. Furthermore,assays using the mice cholera model showed that V.negundo methanol extract can protect mice from Vibrio cholerae infection and significantly decrease the mortality rate(P【0.0001).Conclusioas:For the first time we showed that methanol extract of V.negundo leaves exhibited strong vibriocidal activity both in vitro and in vivo conditions.Therefore,it will be useful to identify and isolate the active compounds of this extract that could be a good alternative of antibiotics to treat cholera.

Influence of Limited Soil on the Root Distribution and Anchorage of Vitex negundo L.

Field pull-out and laboratory tests were applied to investigate the effect of metal bolts and wire netting on plant root distribution and anchorage characteristics of 9-year-old Vitex negundo L. growing on a weakly weathered rocky slope (38°). Root number, length and diameter were recorded and single root specimens were classified and tested for tensile strength. The results show that root anchorage is different between the two constructions by bolts and wire. Under limited soil condition, root anchorage ability is 80% lower than when there is sufficient soil due to the reduction of the diameter and number of all second-order lateral roots, as well as the reduction of the tensile strength of the embedded second-order and first-order lateral roots on limited soil. We conclude that the distribution and anchorage of Vitex negundo L. is affected by limited soil availability on rocky slopes.

微量热法研究Vitex negundo Linn对大肠杆菌抑制作用的活性部位

开发药用植物首先必须确定其活性部位.我们采用微量热法鉴定了一种植物Vitex negundo Linn的四种不同提取物:正己烷提取物、氯仿提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物和甲醇提取物对大肠杆菌(E.coli)的抑制作用.结果表明甲醇提取物对大肠杆菌生长的代谢热谱抑制作用最强.通过计算该提取物作用下大肠杆菌的生长速率常数,表明该提取物的抑制作用随浓度的升高而增强.

不同盐胁迫对复叶槭扦插苗生理特性的影响

复叶槭(Acer negundo L.)为常见绿化树种。目前生产中扦插已成为主要的繁育方式。设施生产中的土壤由于连作或化肥施用不当导致营养失衡,甚至造成盐胁迫。为提高设施生产复叶槭扦插苗的成活率,本研究设置了氯化钠、碳酸钠与碳酸钠+碳酸氢钠3种盐胁迫处理,各处理设置0 mol/L、50 mol/L、100 mol/L、150 mol/L与200 mol/L,共五个水平。得出以下研究结果:随着盐溶液p H值的增大与处理时间的延长,叶片中叶绿素含量逐渐降低;SOD活性随盐浓度的升高呈现出先升高后降低的变化趋势;POD活性随着盐浓度的升高而升高;MDA、Pro含量逐渐升高;可溶性糖与可溶性蛋白无显著性变化。

Ethnobotany,phytochemistry and pharmacological potential of Vitex negundo L.(five-leaved chaste tree):An updated review

In the past two decades,a shift in paradigm has been observed in the development of new drugs from the plants for the treatment of diseases.Many scientists are focusing on the evidence based use of medicinal plants to develop pharmacotherapy for various human ailments.An important medicinal plant that has caught the attention of researchers all over the globe is Vitex negundo Linn.This plant is commonly used in various traditional systems of medicine like Ayurveda,Chinese,Siddha and Unani to treat various diseases and has been the subject of extensive research studies lately.Its roots and leaves are widely used in various disorders and illnesses such as skin eczema,ringworm,liver disorders,spleen enlargement,rheumatic pain,gout,abscess,backache etc.Seeds are also used as folklore medicine in bronchitis,eye disorders,female reproductive disorders,cold,dropsy,malarial fever and as demulcent.The current article is an effort to compile an updated review to disseminate knowledge and information among the scientific fraternity covering the progress made in the pharmacology and phytochemistry of this useful medicinal plant.This review on a very important traditional medicine,Vitex negundo L.can serve as a reference to the scientific community for their future research on this plant.

牡荆水提物对蓖麻油腹泻小鼠的治疗作用研究

[目的]研究牡荆水提物对蓖麻油致小鼠腹泻的治疗作用,评价牡荆提取物的抗腹泻功效,为开发新型天然药物或植物提取物饲料添加剂提供理论依据。[方法]选取48只18~22 g SPF级昆明小鼠,随机分为6组:对照组、模型组、洛哌丁胺组及牡荆水提物高、中、低剂量组,每组8只,雌雄各半。牡荆水提物高、中、低剂量组小鼠灌胃16、8、4 g/kg BW牡荆水提物,对照组和模型组小鼠灌胃等剂量的生理盐水,洛哌丁胺组小鼠灌胃5 mg/kg BW洛哌丁胺,连续灌胃5 d。第5天给药后0.5 h,模型组、洛哌丁胺组及牡荆水提物高、中、低剂量组小鼠灌胃0.5 mL蓖麻油灌胃造模,对照组灌胃等量生理盐水。造模后的小鼠单笼单只饲喂。连续4 h观察小鼠腹泻情况,4 h后小鼠采血并断颈处死,每组随机取4只小鼠的肝脏、小肠各两份,一份制作组织切片;另一份用以提取RNA,检测空肠通道蛋白和肝脏急性期蛋白mRNA表达情况。[结果]模型组小鼠腹泻评分和腹泻指数均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),说明蓖麻油腹泻模型造模成功。与模型组相比,洛哌丁胺组和牡荆水提物高剂量组小鼠腹泻评分和腹泻指数均极显著或显著降低(P<0.01;P<0.05);牡荆水提物高剂量组小鼠血清中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-6、IL-10含量均显著或极显著降低(P<0.05;P<0.01)。肝脏组织病理结果显示,牡荆水提物高、中、低剂量组小鼠肝索结构清晰,肝细胞排列紧密,仅少量肝细胞轻度肿胀,并伴少量炎性细胞浸润。肠道组织病理结果显示,牡荆水提物高、中、低剂量组小鼠空肠黏膜层、肌层、浆膜层均清晰可见,黏膜层绒毛上皮内见大量空泡,但均未见明显坏死或炎症反应。与模型组相比,牡荆水提物高剂量组小鼠空肠中NHE8、NHE3、AQP3、AQP4表达量均无显著差异(P>0.05),NHE2表达量显著降低(P<0.05),急性期蛋白TRF和CRP表达量均显著降低(P<0.05)。[结论]牡荆水提物对蓖麻油导致的小鼠腹泻模型具有较好的治疗作用,对肝脏和小肠黏膜具有一定的保护作用,作用机制可能与其降低血清中IL-6、IL-10含量,以及在一定程度上降低NHE2表达、抑制TRF和CRP的表达有关。

育苗基质对胡枝子、荆条幼苗根系生长的影响

为探明辽西地区两种常见灌木合适的播种育苗基质,在3种基质上播胡枝子和荆条种子,测定2种苗木的根系指标。结果表明:育苗基质对胡枝子幼苗的根基径、主根长及根总体积无明显影响。在育苗基质中掺入碎石砾,胡枝子幼苗的主根、侧根较粗,细根发育不好,根总表面积相对较小,而掺入较多的园土更有利于胡枝子幼苗的侧根发育。育苗基质对荆条幼苗的根基径、根幅、总根长、根总表面积和根总体积均无明显影响,在基质中掺入一定比例的碎石砾和河沙有利于荆条幼苗的主根垂直生长发育。最后筛选出适宜的育苗基质,胡枝子为V_(河沙):V_(园土)=1:1,荆条为V_(碎石砾):V_(河沙):V_(园土)=1:1:1。

A new triterpenoid glycoside from Vitex negundo

AIM:To investigate the chemical constituents of Vitex negundo.METHOD:Compounds were isolated by different chromatographic methods and their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectroscopy.RESULTS:Four compounds were isolated and identified as 2α,3α,24-trihydroxyurs-12,20(30)-dien-28-oic acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester(1),corosolic acid(2),vulgarsaponin A(3) and 2α,3α,24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid-28-O-β-Dglucopyranosyl ester(4),respectively.CONCLUSION:Compound 1 is a new triterpenoid glycoside.

华北土石山区荆条潜在蒸散量及作物系数分析

[目的]研究荆条灌丛的潜在蒸散量及作物系数变化趋势,为半干旱区水资源管理及植被建设提供依据。[方法]利用河南黄河小浪底地球关键带国家野外观测站2021年5—10月份的蒸渗仪数据、逐日气象数据、荆条叶面积指数(LAI)及新梢生长量数据,利用Penman-Monteith公式计算参考作物蒸散量(ET0),分析生长状况基本一致、水分充足条件下的荆条不同生育期的潜在蒸散量、作物系数的变化趋势及其与生长指标的关系。[结果](1)在荆条生育期内,ET0值整体呈下降趋势,5、6月份较高,7月份后开始下降,ET0总值为630.86 mm,日均值为3.43 mm·d^(-1)。(2)荆条生育期内荆条灌丛的潜在蒸散量呈抛物线式变化,表现为开花期最大,总值为336.26±18.19 mm,日均值为5.51±0.30 mm·d^(-1);结果期和展叶期次之,落叶期最小,总值为41.57±3.61 mm,日均值为1.98±0.17 mm·d^(-1);整个生育期的总值为716.47±40.21 mm,日均值为3.89±0.22 mm·d^(-1)。(3)荆条灌丛LAI和新梢生长量在5、6月增长较快,之后变缓。其中LAI在8月达到最大值(2.93±0.07),之后开始下降,10月降为最小值(1.63±0.08)。新梢在5月增长量最大,为6.85±0.25 cm,10月基本停止生长。(4)荆条作物系数在生育期内呈先增后降的变化趋势,结果期最大(1.45±0.22),开花期次之(1.25±0.13),展叶期(0.98±0.05)和落叶期(0.95±0.14)最小,整个生育期平均为1.28±0.16。作物系数与叶面积指数呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),决定系数R2为0.736,与新梢生长量相关性不显著(p>0.05)。

荆条叶片最大水分利用效率的季节变化及其环境调控

【目的】水分利用效率(WUE)作为反映生态系统碳水耦合的重要指标,其与环境因子间的相互关系备受关注,然而对植物潜在水分利用能力对环境变化的适应机制却鲜有报道。本研究以北京油松林下灌木层的优势种荆条为研究对象,旨在探明荆条叶片最大水分利用效率(即水分利用能力潜力,WUE_(max))的季节变化特征及其对环境变化的响应机制。【方法】于2021年6-10月,采用微气象原位观测和LI-6800便携式光合仪人工监测的方法,测定荆条叶片光响应曲线和空气温度(T_(a))、土壤含水量(SWC)、空气饱和水汽压差(VPD_(a))等环境因子。通过瞬时水分利用效率(WUE_(i))构建了水分利用效率对光响应模型,计算得到荆条叶片WUE_(max)。并在此基础上进一步分析WUE_(max)的季节动态变化及其与环境因子间的关系。【结果】生长季内荆条叶片WUE_(max)在2.84~9.17μmol/mmol的范围内波动,平均值为4.79μmol/mmol,整体上呈现先下降后平缓的趋势;在湿润条件下荆条WUE_(max)主要受SWC和T_(a)的影响。其中,SWC是调控WUE_(max)的关键环境因子,荆条WUE_(max)与SWC呈负相关,SWC主要通过气孔导度影响WUE_(max);荆条WUE_(max)与T_(a)呈正相关,T_(a)主要通过调控光合羧化酶活性影响WUE_(max)。【结论】本研究初步论证了湿润半湿润环境下荆条主要通过水分资源获得策略来适应环境,且高SWC和低温为荆条叶片WUE_(max)的抑制因子。

基于活性成分和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用的组织培养牡荆遗传稳定性评价

目的评价组织培养牡荆的遗传稳定性。方法考察4种溶剂对牡荆叶总黄酮的提取效果;采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定牡荆素含量,并测试牡荆叶提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用及动力学曲线。结果不同溶剂对牡荆叶活性成分提取得率从高到低依次为酸性乙醇(pH 1.33)、70%乙醇溶液、丙酮、乙酸乙酯。以酸性乙醇(pH 1.33)为溶剂的组织培养和野生牡荆叶中总黄酮含量以鲜重计分别为62.79 mg/g和60.35 mg/g,牡荆素含量以鲜重计分别为132.20μg/g和126.12μg/g,提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的半抑制浓度(IC50)分别为1.41 mg/mL和1.37 mg/mL。动力学曲线分析表明,组织培养和野生牡荆叶提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制类型均为可逆性抑制。结论牡荆叶提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶有较强抑制作用,且组织培养和野生牡荆叶活性成分相当,组织培养牡荆遗传稳定性较好。

清代团鹤纹石青缎的染料鉴定及色彩分析

纺织品文物是人类历史文化的珍贵遗产,色彩是纺织品文物重要的外在表现,而染料是色彩表现的基本内核。染料考古通过对文物的色彩、染料进行测试,结合古文献记载,可获得染料来源、染色工艺、内在审美、商品流通、文物年代和产地等重要历史信息。本文以中国丝绸博物馆馆藏清代团鹤纹石青缎为例,运用高效液相色谱—质谱联用技术检测丝织品文物上的染料,成功鉴别出红色染料苏木,蓝色染料靛青,黄色染料姜黄、黄檗、黄荆等,并结合相关历史文献对清代纺织品色彩的使用进行了分析。苏木与姜黄套染可得杏黄色,黄檗、黄荆与靛青套染可得绿色。该文物是在清代纺织品中发现使用黄荆染料的首个案例。该文物的鉴别结果为清代丝织品染色研究提供了科学依据,结合色彩分析有助于研究清代时期的经济、文化历史,亦可为清代丝织品色彩复制和文物修复及展示方法提供参考。

荆条种子无菌萌发过程中污染菌的分离鉴定及抑菌剂筛选

荆条具有生态、观赏、药用及实用等方面的价值,但在荆条快速繁殖体系的建立中发现,种子在无菌萌发过程中污染率极高,达50%~75%。为降低荆条种子无菌萌发过程中的污染率,试验通过鉴定其主要污染菌株,筛选出有效抑菌剂,并利用组织分离法对污染菌进行分离和纯化;同时,通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜对污染菌的分生孢子进行细胞学观察,然后采用真菌rDNA基因的ITS序列通用引物进行分子生物学鉴定,最后选择百菌清、代森锰锌、多菌灵、氟吗锰锌4种杀菌剂添加到PDA培养基中进行抑菌效果分析。结果表明,主要污染菌为种子表面附着的真菌,菌落呈绒状黄绿色同心圆形,菌丝为有隔褐色分支状菌,分生孢子为橄榄棕色、有隔、梭型;细胞学和分子生物学鉴定表明,该污染菌为链格孢菌。抑菌研究结果发现,60%氟吗锰锌对链铬孢菌的抑制效果最佳,菌落直径最小。将60%氟吗锰锌稀释1 400倍添加到荆条种子无菌萌发培养基(水琼脂培养基)中,污染率明显下降到5.5%。荆条种子无菌萌发中主要污染菌为链格孢菌,60%氟吗锰锌对其抑制效果最佳。

黄荆子与蔓荆子特征图谱及酚类、黄酮类含量测定研究

通过特征图谱及多指标含量测定对黄荆子和蔓荆子进行对比研究,在采用UPLC建立黄荆子药材特征图谱方法的基础上通过高分辨质谱对其化学成分进行指认,指认了其中9个成分,分别为原儿茶酸A、原儿茶醛、4-羟基苯甲酸、香草酸、异荭草苷、荭草苷、穗花牡荆苷、牡荆苷、异牡荆苷,并进行含量测定,15批黄荆子与12批蔓荆子的9个成分均有一定的差异,从多批次的均值来看,黄荆子的原儿茶酸、原儿茶醛、4-羟基苯甲酸、香草酸、穗花牡荆苷的含量高于蔓荆子,异荭草苷、荭草苷的含量低于蔓荆子;另外牡荆苷、异牡荆苷在蔓荆子中未有检出。本研究采用UPLC特征图谱结合多指标含量测定对黄荆子及蔓荆子进行对比研究,为黄荆子及蔓荆子的药材质量控制和临床用药提供参考。

基于HPLC-ECD研究牡荆叶抗氧化的谱-效关系

为研究牡荆叶指纹图谱与抗氧化活性的谱-效关系,该研究首先建立了18批牡荆叶的高效液相色谱-电化学检测法(HPLC-ECD)指纹图谱,对不同来源牡荆叶药材进行聚类分析,鉴定主要酚类化合物且测定其含量,分析牡荆叶的总酚和总黄酮含量,并采用DPPH自由基清除法、ABTS自由基清除法、氧自由基吸收能力法及铁离子还原能力法考察其体外抗氧化活性,通过皮尔逊相关分析、灰度关联分析及偏最小二乘回归分析法研究牡荆叶的谱-效关系。结果表明:(1)牡荆叶的指纹图谱标定21个共有峰,共指认出10个峰,其含量顺序为绿原酸>异荭草苷>木犀草苷>异牡荆素>异绿原酸A>异绿原酸C>原儿茶酸>荭草苷>异绿原酸B>新绿原酸;不同产地样品间相似性较高,相似度结果为0.816~0.983。(2)系统聚类分析显示,样品含量对分类有一定影响,不同来源样品被分为3类,其中南北方样品存在一定差异。(3)牡荆叶中总酚和总黄酮的含量分别为15.82~61.83 mg·g^(-1)和27.85~157.65 mg·g^(-1),样品均具不同程度的抗氧化活性。(4)谱-效关系表明,牡荆叶的抗氧化活性是多种化合物协同作用的结果,峰9(异荭草苷)、峰4和峰5(绿原酸)等化合物对牡荆叶药材抗氧化活性的贡献最大。综上表明,牡荆叶具有较好的抗氧化活性,其中主要的活性指标是异荭草苷和绿原酸。该研究结果可为牡荆叶抗氧化活性成分的筛选及其质量控制提供参考依据。

不同地质背景下黄荆的光合蒸腾及水分利用效率比较

为了掌握岩溶生态环境下典型植物的水分生理生态特征,采用英国产TPS-1便携式光合作用测定系统,研究比较了桂林毛村不同地质背景(石灰岩、白云岩和砂页岩)下黄荆(VitexnegundoLinn.)的蒸腾光合和水分利用效率特征,并通过偏相关分析和主成分分析,探讨了影响黄荆水分利用效率的主要因素。结果表明,①砂页岩区黄荆的日平均蒸腾速率明显高于石灰岩区和白云岩区,但日平均光合速率却明显低于石灰岩区,与白云岩区差别不显著。关于水分利用效率(WUE),则是石灰岩区远高于砂页岩区,白云岩区则略高于砂页岩区,说明生长在岩溶区(石灰岩区和白云岩区)的典型植物黄荆在长期的演化中形成了适应岩溶干旱的水分生态特征。②影响黄荆水分利用效率的主要因子是大气温度、大气相对湿度、气孔导度和CO2浓度,但影响程度因地质背景的不同而有较大差异。