A specimen collected from the Upper Cretaceous Erlian Formation of Nei Mongol （Inner Mongolia）, China, represents a new genus and species of titanosaurian sauropod. The new taxon is named and described on the basis ...A specimen collected from the Upper Cretaceous Erlian Formation of Nei Mongol （Inner Mongolia）, China, represents a new genus and species of titanosaurian sauropod. The new taxon is named and described on the basis of the holotype and the only known specimen, which comprises several dorsal, sacral, and caudal vertebrae, several dorsal ribs, one anterior chevron, and much of the pelvis. Diagnostic features of the new species include a thick ridge extending down from the postzygapophysis on the lateral surface of the neural arch of the posterior dorsal vertebrae, a transversely oriented accessory lamina present between the anterior centroparapophyseal limina and the lateral centraprezygapophyseal lamina of the posterior dorsal vertebrae, long, anteroventrally directed caudal rib that bears two distinctive fossae on its posterior margin on the anterior caudal vertebrae and a prominent vertical ridge above the pubic peduncle on the medial surface of the ilium, among others. The ilium is pneumatic, a feature not common among non-avian dinosaurs. The new taxon has an unusual combination of primitive and derived character states. Preliminary character analysis shows a complex character distribution within the Titanosauriformes. Recent titanosauriform discoveries suggest that a significant radiation occurred in Asia early in the titanosauriform evolution.展开更多
When we investigated the occurring conditions of the iron-riih deposits in Jining-Erlian area, Nei Mongol, in 1977, many opaque and shiny steel balls about 200μ in diameter have been found in the strong magnetic frac...When we investigated the occurring conditions of the iron-riih deposits in Jining-Erlian area, Nei Mongol, in 1977, many opaque and shiny steel balls about 200μ in diameter have been found in the strong magnetic fraction of both natural and artifact heavy minerals from the Wenduermiao Group and Bainaimao Group. Examinations of different approaches led to the conclusion that they are the cosmic dusts.展开更多
The woodland-steppe ecotone in the. southern Nei Mongol Plateau is located at the northern edge of the east Asian monsoon influences. A marked southeastern - northwestern (SE - NW) precipitation gradient exists in thi...The woodland-steppe ecotone in the. southern Nei Mongol Plateau is located at the northern edge of the east Asian monsoon influences. A marked southeastern - northwestern (SE - NW) precipitation gradient exists in this region. Quantitative reconstruction of palaeo-precipitation of this region is helpful to reveal the development of monsoon climate and to predict die future desertification. Based on modern vegetation and surface pollen studies, a pollen-precipitation transfer function in the study region was established. Pollen data from three sediment sequences within the ecotone were used to reconstruct palaeo-precipitation during the Holocene. The processes of precipitation changes in the three sequences were quite different. There was a tendency of precipitation declined from the onset of the Holocene to 1 100 a BP in Haoluku. But, in Liuzhouwan and Xiaoniuchang, both located south of Haoluku, the annual precipitation reached highest values during 7 800 - 6 200 a BP and 7 200 - 5 000 a BP, respectively. The influences of southwestern (SW) monsoon and the variances of topographical conditions have possibly caused these temporal-spatial variances.展开更多
Anomozamites haifanggouensis (Kimura et al.) Zheng et Zhang comb. nov. is a characteristic Bennettitalean plant in Middle Jurassic flora. Only one specimen was collected from Haifanggou Formation (Middle Jurassic) in ...Anomozamites haifanggouensis (Kimura et al.) Zheng et Zhang comb. nov. is a characteristic Bennettitalean plant in Middle Jurassic flora. Only one specimen was collected from Haifanggou Formation (Middle Jurassic) in Daohugou village, Shantou town, Ningcheng County, Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China. The stem of plant is slender and repeatedly branches as a dichasial system with a fertile shoot in the fork, forming equal and widely divergent branches, on the branches born with the fronds of Anomozamites type. Its reproductive organs consists of some microsporophylls and a few of the bracteoid small leaves (or receptacular leaves). Some scattered bracteoid leaves and microsporophylls were formerly considered by Pan as dicots. Since then, they were proposed to be a non-committal genus Pankuangia and described them as P. haifanggouensis by Kimura et al. In this study, we discover that these bracteoid small leaves and microsporophylls should be of Anomozamites. This discovery provides strong evidence for the 'Pankuangia' determination of the taxonomical position.展开更多
记述了一件发现于内蒙古临河巴彦满达呼上白垩统乌兰苏海组的窃蛋龙科新材料并建立了一新属新种——戈壁乌拉特龙(Wulatelong gobiensis gen. et sp. nov.)。新属种具有以下不同于其他窃蛋龙科成员的独特特征:外鼻孔大而细长,腹端低于...记述了一件发现于内蒙古临河巴彦满达呼上白垩统乌兰苏海组的窃蛋龙科新材料并建立了一新属新种——戈壁乌拉特龙(Wulatelong gobiensis gen. et sp. nov.)。新属种具有以下不同于其他窃蛋龙科成员的独特特征:外鼻孔大而细长,腹端低于前上颌骨中部;上颌骨的颧骨支呈带状,并向后延伸至眶前隔之后,叠覆于颧骨外侧面;外侧视,上隅骨的前背突基部收缩。戈壁乌拉特龙具有一些其他窃蛋龙科成员不具有的近祖特征,而与更原始的窃蛋龙类接近,说明戈壁乌拉特龙代表了窃蛋龙科中一个相对原始的属种。这些近祖特征包括:下颞颥孔的背缘较窄,泪骨的前突和后突相对较长,外翼骨和外下颌孔的位置都相对靠后,肩胛骨短而纤细,肠骨的耻骨茎较坐骨茎向腹侧延伸更长并前后向更宽,坐骨较短,以及第三跖骨近端侧扁等。因此戈壁乌拉特龙的系统发育位置可能居于原始窃蛋龙类和其他窃蛋龙科成员之间。对巴彦满达呼恐龙动物群的初步分析支持巴彦满达呼红层代表了蒙古高原戈壁地区上白垩统红层中的最早沉积层位的结论。展开更多
内蒙古中部地区陆相新近系出露广、含化石丰富。对这一地区新近纪的研究,可以追溯到20世纪初期瑞典地质学者安特生(J．G．Andersson)、法国古生物学者德日进(P．Teilhar de Chardin)和以美国探险家安德鲁斯(R．C．Andrews)为首的美国自...内蒙古中部地区陆相新近系出露广、含化石丰富。对这一地区新近纪的研究,可以追溯到20世纪初期瑞典地质学者安特生(J．G．Andersson)、法国古生物学者德日进(P．Teilhar de Chardin)和以美国探险家安德鲁斯(R．C．Andrews)为首的美国自然博物馆中亚考察团分别对二登图、高特格和通古尔的考察与化石采集。他们的开拓性工作使这些地方成为中国十分重要的新近纪经典地点。特别是通古尔,由于其产出的化石丰富、具有中中新世动物群的特征, 已引入中国地质年表,作为新生代中一个“阶”的名称。最近20多年对这一地区新近纪生物地层学的研究又取得了很大的进展,新发现了数个不同时代的化石地点和层位,同时采集到大批哺乳动物化石标本。内蒙古中部各地点化石层的厚度一般不大,但所含的哺乳动物化石种类多、材料丰富。由于具有这一特点,使其化石组合能比较接近地反映短期内动物群体的结构面貌,较客观地指示沉积时期的生态环境。利用这些组合进行动物群相对时代的确定,以及对其生态环境的恢复无疑都会很有意义。但是,这里的地层缺乏测试绝对年龄的材料,化石组合间少见有直接的叠置关系,使得在这一地区建立独立的动物群时间顺序,确定动物群的演替序列和生物年代只能更多地依赖于对动物系统发育和动物群体变化的研究。本文对这一地区各地点发现的哺乳动物化石组合进行了审定,提供了最新的动物群名单;根据默尔根地点上部层位产出的化石组合特征,提议把该组合命名为铁木钦动物群;通过对哺乳动物系统发育关系的分析,将动物群进行先后排序,并阐述了这些动物群在各生物年代的演替特征;同时展示了各动物群与有关岩石地层和磁性地层的关系。文中进一步认定了苏尼特左旗的嘎顺音阿德格动物群为内蒙古中部地区现知新近纪动物群中的最早代表,其后依次为推饶木动物群、默尔根动物群、铁木钦动物群、阿木乌苏动物群、沙拉动物群、宝格达乌拉动物群、二登图动物群、哈尔鄂博动物群、比例克动物群、高特格动物群。内蒙古中部被认为是新近纪生物年代学研究的重要地点,在地质时代上这一哺乳动物群系列跨越了新近纪中新世至上新世的大部分时段。其中的嘎顺音阿德格动物群具有中国陆生哺乳动物年代山旺期的典型持征;推饶木动物群、默尔根动物群、铁木钦动物群构成的广义通古尔动物群,正是定义东亚中中新世陆生哺乳动物年代的依据;阿木乌苏动物群、沙拉动物群、宝格达乌拉动物群和二登图动物群符合保德期动物群的含义;比例克动物群和高特格动物群具有榆社期动物群的性质。虽然目前还无法根据这些动物群对我国陆生哺乳动物年代的时限进行精确界定, 但依某些动物阶元(主要为科和属一级)的最早迁入或在该区的最早出现,以及在该区地层中的最后出席,概述了内蒙古中部地区新近纪动物群所指示的哺乳动物年代特征,并分别把通古尔期和保德期细分为3个和4个非正规亚期。深入的研究,包括在这一地区发现新的化石层位和材料,不仅会为内蒙古中部地区生物年代的厘定提供更多的资料,而且有助于完善中国新近纪地质年代的内涵。展开更多
基金The fieldwork is supported by a grant from the Ministry of Land Resources of the People＇s Republic of China （9501130） Xu Xing＇ s work is supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （40125006）.
文摘A specimen collected from the Upper Cretaceous Erlian Formation of Nei Mongol （Inner Mongolia）, China, represents a new genus and species of titanosaurian sauropod. The new taxon is named and described on the basis of the holotype and the only known specimen, which comprises several dorsal, sacral, and caudal vertebrae, several dorsal ribs, one anterior chevron, and much of the pelvis. Diagnostic features of the new species include a thick ridge extending down from the postzygapophysis on the lateral surface of the neural arch of the posterior dorsal vertebrae, a transversely oriented accessory lamina present between the anterior centroparapophyseal limina and the lateral centraprezygapophyseal lamina of the posterior dorsal vertebrae, long, anteroventrally directed caudal rib that bears two distinctive fossae on its posterior margin on the anterior caudal vertebrae and a prominent vertical ridge above the pubic peduncle on the medial surface of the ilium, among others. The ilium is pneumatic, a feature not common among non-avian dinosaurs. The new taxon has an unusual combination of primitive and derived character states. Preliminary character analysis shows a complex character distribution within the Titanosauriformes. Recent titanosauriform discoveries suggest that a significant radiation occurred in Asia early in the titanosauriform evolution.
文摘When we investigated the occurring conditions of the iron-riih deposits in Jining-Erlian area, Nei Mongol, in 1977, many opaque and shiny steel balls about 200μ in diameter have been found in the strong magnetic fraction of both natural and artifact heavy minerals from the Wenduermiao Group and Bainaimao Group. Examinations of different approaches led to the conclusion that they are the cosmic dusts.
文摘The woodland-steppe ecotone in the. southern Nei Mongol Plateau is located at the northern edge of the east Asian monsoon influences. A marked southeastern - northwestern (SE - NW) precipitation gradient exists in this region. Quantitative reconstruction of palaeo-precipitation of this region is helpful to reveal the development of monsoon climate and to predict die future desertification. Based on modern vegetation and surface pollen studies, a pollen-precipitation transfer function in the study region was established. Pollen data from three sediment sequences within the ecotone were used to reconstruct palaeo-precipitation during the Holocene. The processes of precipitation changes in the three sequences were quite different. There was a tendency of precipitation declined from the onset of the Holocene to 1 100 a BP in Haoluku. But, in Liuzhouwan and Xiaoniuchang, both located south of Haoluku, the annual precipitation reached highest values during 7 800 - 6 200 a BP and 7 200 - 5 000 a BP, respectively. The influences of southwestern (SW) monsoon and the variances of topographical conditions have possibly caused these temporal-spatial variances.
文摘Anomozamites haifanggouensis (Kimura et al.) Zheng et Zhang comb. nov. is a characteristic Bennettitalean plant in Middle Jurassic flora. Only one specimen was collected from Haifanggou Formation (Middle Jurassic) in Daohugou village, Shantou town, Ningcheng County, Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China. The stem of plant is slender and repeatedly branches as a dichasial system with a fertile shoot in the fork, forming equal and widely divergent branches, on the branches born with the fronds of Anomozamites type. Its reproductive organs consists of some microsporophylls and a few of the bracteoid small leaves (or receptacular leaves). Some scattered bracteoid leaves and microsporophylls were formerly considered by Pan as dicots. Since then, they were proposed to be a non-committal genus Pankuangia and described them as P. haifanggouensis by Kimura et al. In this study, we discover that these bracteoid small leaves and microsporophylls should be of Anomozamites. This discovery provides strong evidence for the 'Pankuangia' determination of the taxonomical position.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Grant No. 200405, and theNational Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant Nos. 49872008, 40372021.
基金the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Patterson Memorial Grant for fieldwork National Geographic Society Young Explorers Grant,United States Fulbright Program, Geological Society of Americathe Evolving Earth Foundation+1 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China(GrantNo.2012CB821900)the National Natural Science Foundationo f China(GrantNo.40730210)~~
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe Chinese Academy of Sciences+1 种基金国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(编号:2012CB821900)内蒙古国土资源厅两全项目资助~~
文摘记述了一件发现于内蒙古临河巴彦满达呼上白垩统乌兰苏海组的窃蛋龙科新材料并建立了一新属新种——戈壁乌拉特龙(Wulatelong gobiensis gen. et sp. nov.)。新属种具有以下不同于其他窃蛋龙科成员的独特特征:外鼻孔大而细长,腹端低于前上颌骨中部;上颌骨的颧骨支呈带状,并向后延伸至眶前隔之后,叠覆于颧骨外侧面;外侧视,上隅骨的前背突基部收缩。戈壁乌拉特龙具有一些其他窃蛋龙科成员不具有的近祖特征,而与更原始的窃蛋龙类接近,说明戈壁乌拉特龙代表了窃蛋龙科中一个相对原始的属种。这些近祖特征包括:下颞颥孔的背缘较窄,泪骨的前突和后突相对较长,外翼骨和外下颌孔的位置都相对靠后,肩胛骨短而纤细,肠骨的耻骨茎较坐骨茎向腹侧延伸更长并前后向更宽,坐骨较短,以及第三跖骨近端侧扁等。因此戈壁乌拉特龙的系统发育位置可能居于原始窃蛋龙类和其他窃蛋龙科成员之间。对巴彦满达呼恐龙动物群的初步分析支持巴彦满达呼红层代表了蒙古高原戈壁地区上白垩统红层中的最早沉积层位的结论。
文摘内蒙古中部地区陆相新近系出露广、含化石丰富。对这一地区新近纪的研究,可以追溯到20世纪初期瑞典地质学者安特生(J．G．Andersson)、法国古生物学者德日进(P．Teilhar de Chardin)和以美国探险家安德鲁斯(R．C．Andrews)为首的美国自然博物馆中亚考察团分别对二登图、高特格和通古尔的考察与化石采集。他们的开拓性工作使这些地方成为中国十分重要的新近纪经典地点。特别是通古尔,由于其产出的化石丰富、具有中中新世动物群的特征, 已引入中国地质年表,作为新生代中一个“阶”的名称。最近20多年对这一地区新近纪生物地层学的研究又取得了很大的进展,新发现了数个不同时代的化石地点和层位,同时采集到大批哺乳动物化石标本。内蒙古中部各地点化石层的厚度一般不大,但所含的哺乳动物化石种类多、材料丰富。由于具有这一特点,使其化石组合能比较接近地反映短期内动物群体的结构面貌,较客观地指示沉积时期的生态环境。利用这些组合进行动物群相对时代的确定,以及对其生态环境的恢复无疑都会很有意义。但是,这里的地层缺乏测试绝对年龄的材料,化石组合间少见有直接的叠置关系,使得在这一地区建立独立的动物群时间顺序,确定动物群的演替序列和生物年代只能更多地依赖于对动物系统发育和动物群体变化的研究。本文对这一地区各地点发现的哺乳动物化石组合进行了审定,提供了最新的动物群名单;根据默尔根地点上部层位产出的化石组合特征,提议把该组合命名为铁木钦动物群;通过对哺乳动物系统发育关系的分析,将动物群进行先后排序,并阐述了这些动物群在各生物年代的演替特征;同时展示了各动物群与有关岩石地层和磁性地层的关系。文中进一步认定了苏尼特左旗的嘎顺音阿德格动物群为内蒙古中部地区现知新近纪动物群中的最早代表,其后依次为推饶木动物群、默尔根动物群、铁木钦动物群、阿木乌苏动物群、沙拉动物群、宝格达乌拉动物群、二登图动物群、哈尔鄂博动物群、比例克动物群、高特格动物群。内蒙古中部被认为是新近纪生物年代学研究的重要地点,在地质时代上这一哺乳动物群系列跨越了新近纪中新世至上新世的大部分时段。其中的嘎顺音阿德格动物群具有中国陆生哺乳动物年代山旺期的典型持征;推饶木动物群、默尔根动物群、铁木钦动物群构成的广义通古尔动物群,正是定义东亚中中新世陆生哺乳动物年代的依据;阿木乌苏动物群、沙拉动物群、宝格达乌拉动物群和二登图动物群符合保德期动物群的含义;比例克动物群和高特格动物群具有榆社期动物群的性质。虽然目前还无法根据这些动物群对我国陆生哺乳动物年代的时限进行精确界定, 但依某些动物阶元(主要为科和属一级)的最早迁入或在该区的最早出现,以及在该区地层中的最后出席,概述了内蒙古中部地区新近纪动物群所指示的哺乳动物年代特征,并分别把通古尔期和保德期细分为3个和4个非正规亚期。深入的研究,包括在这一地区发现新的化石层位和材料,不仅会为内蒙古中部地区生物年代的厘定提供更多的资料,而且有助于完善中国新近纪地质年代的内涵。
