A Hybrid Approach to Neighbour Discovery in Wireless Sensor Networks

In the contemporary era of unprecedented innovations such as Internet of Things(IoT),modern applications cannot be imagined without the presence of Wireless Sensor Network(WSN).Nodes in WSN use neighbour discovery(ND)protocols to have necessary communication among the nodes.Neighbour discovery process is crucial as it is to be done with energy efficiency and minimize discovery latency and maximize percentage of neighbours discovered.The current ND approaches that are indirect in nature are categorized into methods of removal of active slots from wake-up schedules and intelligent addition of new slots.The two methods are found to have certain drawbacks.Thefirst category disturbs original integrity of wake-up schedules leading to reduced chances of discovering new nodes in WSN as neighbours.When second category is followed,it may have inefficient slots in the wake-up schedules leading to performance degradation.Therefore,the motivation behind the work in this paper is that by combining the two categories,it is possible to reap benefits of both and get rid of the limitations of the both.Making a hybrid is achieved by introducing virtual nodes that help maximize performance by ensuring original integrity of wake-up schedules and adding of efficient active slots.Thus a Hybrid Approach to Neighbour Discovery(HAND)protocol is realized in WSN.The simulation study revealed that HAND outperforms the existing indirect ND models.

The Background of Regional Lead Isotopic Compositions and Its Application in the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and Neighbouring Areas

The paper systematically deals with the background of regional isotopic compo-sitions in the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River and neighbouring areas. It isshown that the lead isotopic compositions of different geological formations and units are con-trolled by the primary mantle heterogeneity, dynamic process of crust-mantle interchange,abundances of uraninm, thorium and lead of various layers of the earth and timing. Studies onthe background of regional isotopic compositions may offer significant information forgeochemical regionalization, tracing of sources of ore-forming materials, and regionalprognosis of ore deposits.

A research on the geothermal structure in Yanqing-Huailai Basin and its neighbouring region

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Effects of local neighbourhood diversity on crown structure and productivity of individual trees in mature mixed-species forests

Background:Species-specific genotypic features,local neighbourhood interactions and resource supply strongly influence the tree stature and growth rate.In mixed-species forests,diversity-mediated biomass allocation has been suggested to be a fundamental mechanism underlying the positive biodiversity-productivity relationships.Empirical evidence,however,is rare about the impact of local neighbourhood diversity on tree characteristics analysed at a very high level of detail.To address this issue we analysed these effects on the individual-tree crown architecture and tree productivity in a mature mixed forest in northern Germany.Methods:Our analysis considers multiple target tree species across a local neighbourhood species richness gradient ranging from 1 to 4.We applied terrestrial laser scanning to quantify a large number of individual mature trees(N=920)at very high accuracy.We evaluated two different neighbour inclusion approaches by analysing both a fixed radius selection procedure and a selection based on overlapping crowns.Results and conclusions:We show that local neighbourhood species diversity significantly increases crown dimension and wood volume of target trees.Moreover,we found a size-dependency of diversity effects on tree productivity(basal area and wood volume increment)with positive effects for large-sized trees(diameter at breast height(DBH)>40 cm)and negative effects for small-sized(DBH<40 cm)trees.In our analysis,the neighbour inclusion approach has a significant impact on the outcome.For scientific studies and the validation of growth models we recommend a neighbour selection by overlapping crowns,because this seems to be the relevant scale at which local neighbourhood interactions occur.Because local neighbourhood diversity promotes individual-tree productivity in mature European mixed-species forests,we conclude that a small-scale species mixture should be considered in management plans.

ID-TIMS U-Pb Geochronology of the Tayatea Dyke Swarm of Australia: Identifying Tasmania's Nearest Neighbours in the Proterozoic

The Tayatea Dyke Swarm(also known as the Tayatea Dolerite)comprises well-exposed northeast-trending tholeiitic dykes that intrude the Rocky Cape Group(RCG)of northwest Tasmania,Australia.The dykes

UNESCO Chair in Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Set Up in China

The ceremony marking the establishment ofUNESCO chair in copyright and neighbouringrights was held in the Renmin University ofChina(PUC).Mr.Koichiro Matsuura,DirectorGeneral of the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organisation(UNESCO)attended the ceremony.At which,Mr.

Entanglement and quantum phase transition in alternating XY spin chain with next-nearest neighbouring interactions

By using the method of density-matrix renormalization-group to solve the different spin-spin correlation functions, the nearest-neighbouring entanglement (NNE) and the next-nearest-neighbouring entanglement (NNNE) of one-dimensional alternating Heisenberg XY spin chain are investigated in the presence of alternating the-nearest-neighbouring interaction of exchange couplings, external magnetic fields and the next-nearest neighbouring interaction. For a dimerised ferromagnetic spin chain, the NNNE appears only above a critical dimerized interaction, meanwhile, the dimerized interaction a effects a quantum phase transition point and improves the NNNE to a large extent. We also study the effect of ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic next-nearest neighbouring (NNN) interaction on the dynamics of NNE and NNNE. The ferromagnetic NNN interaction increases and shrinks the NNE below and above a critical frustrated interaction respectively, while the antiferromagnetic NNN interaction always reduces the NNE. The antifer-romagnetic NNN interaction results in a large value of NNNE compared with the case where the NNN interaction is ferromagnetic.

Enhancement of next-nearest-neighbouring entanglement in quantum Ising spin chain

Using the method of the Jordan-Wigner transformation for solving different spin-spin correlation functions,we have investigated the generation of next-nearest-neighbouring entanglement in a one-dimensional quantum Ising spin chain with the Gaussian distribution impurities of exchange couplings and external magnetic fields taken into account.The maximal value of entanglement between the next-nearest-neighbouring qubits in the transverse Ising model was analysed in detail by varying the effectively controlled parameters such as interchange coupling,magnetic field and the system impurity.For such systems,where both exchange couplings and external magnetic field disorder appear,we show that it is possible to achieve next-nearest-neighbouring entanglement better than the previously discussed pure Ising spin chain case.We also show that the Gaussian distribution impurity can induce next-nearest-neighbouring entanglement,which can be used as a means to characterize quantum phase transition.

A natural neighbour method based on Fraeijs de Veubeke variational principle for materially non-linear problems

生来的邻居方法能作为网孔的许多变体之一被认为更少的方法。在现在的纸，一条新途径基于 Fraeijs de Veubeke (FdV ) 功能，它开始为线性弹性被开发，被扩大到几何上线性却重大地非线性的固体的盒子。新途径提供一个原来的处理给二个古典问题：在领域 A 和边界的实施上的积分的数字评估类型 u i =ũ i 在 S u 。当身体力量不在时( F i = 0 )，类型的积分的计算能被避免并且边界类型 u i =ũ i 在 S u 能一般来说并且确切在平均意义被强加如果ũ i 在二个轮廓节点之间是线性的，它显然是为ũ i = 0 。

A Novel Insertion Solution for the Travelling Salesman Problem

The studypresents theHalfMax InsertionHeuristic (HMIH) as a novel approach to solving theTravelling SalesmanProblem (TSP). The goal is to outperform existing techniques such as the Farthest Insertion Heuristic (FIH) andNearest Neighbour Heuristic (NNH). The paper discusses the limitations of current construction tour heuristics,focusing particularly on the significant margin of error in FIH. It then proposes HMIH as an alternative thatminimizes the increase in tour distance and includes more nodes. HMIH improves tour quality by starting withan initial tour consisting of a ‘minimum’ polygon and iteratively adding nodes using our novel Half Max routine.The paper thoroughly examines and compares HMIH with FIH and NNH via rigorous testing on standard TSPbenchmarks. The results indicate that HMIH consistently delivers superior performance, particularly with respectto tour cost and computational efficiency. HMIH’s tours were sometimes 16% shorter than those generated by FIHand NNH, showcasing its potential and value as a novel benchmark for TSP solutions. The study used statisticalmethods, including Friedman’s Non-parametric Test, to validate the performance of HMIH over FIH and NNH.This guarantees that the identified advantages are statistically significant and consistent in various situations. Thiscomprehensive analysis emphasizes the reliability and efficiency of the heuristic, making a compelling case for itsuse in solving TSP issues. The research shows that, in general, HMIH fared better than FIH in all cases studied,except for a few instances (pr439, eil51, and eil101) where FIH either performed equally or slightly better thanHMIH. HMIH’s efficiency is shown by its improvements in error percentage (δ) and goodness values (g) comparedto FIH and NNH. In the att48 instance, HMIH had an error rate of 6.3%, whereas FIH had 14.6% and NNH had20.9%, indicating that HMIH was closer to the optimal solution. HMIH consistently showed superior performanceacross many benchmarks, with lower percentage error and higher goodness values, suggesting a closer match tothe optimal tour costs. This study substantially contributes to combinatorial optimization by enhancing currentinsertion algorithms and presenting a more efficient solution for the Travelling Salesman Problem. It also createsnew possibilities for progress in heuristic design and optimization methodologies.

A systematic review of the attractant-decoy and repellent- plant hypotheses: do plants with heterospecific neighbours escape herbivory?

Aims this systematic review highlights the relative support and implica-tions of the attractant-decoy and repellent-plant hypotheses,discuss-ing important linkages between these theories and the opportunity for novel integration into ecological and applied research.Methods an extensive systematic review of the current literature on the attract-ant-decoy and repellent-plant hypotheses was done to describe the following attributes of the research to date:(i)the geographic extent(country and biome)of studies on this topic,(ii)the scope of experi-mental designs used,(iii)the level of support for these hypotheses with respect to the breadth of ecological niches tested,(iv)the level of support for these hypotheses with respect to the classes of herbi-vores examined and,lastly,(v)the ecological impact or purpose of these studies.Herein,we summarize important research gaps in the empirical literature on this topic and identify novel opportunities for critical linkages between ecological and applied theories.Important Findingsa total of 37%of experiments testing these two associated hypotheses were done in North america,frequently in either temperate broadleaf(26%of studies)or taiga ecosystems(15%of studies).the majority of these studies involved experimental manipulations such as removing and transplanting vegetation and either tracked or excluded mammalian herbivores.Ecological implications were primarily examined(59%of studies),but there were also implications described for agriculture and commercial forestry in 22%of studies.the repellent-plant hypothesis was well supported in many ecological systems,particularly for mammalian herbivores,but the attractant-decoy hypothesis has been less frequently tested,thereby representing an important research gap.Insect herbivores were under-represented in all categories except in applied contexts such as commercial forestry and agriculture.there is a clear need for studies to connect these two ecological hypotheses with the management of agriculture and restoration efforts in many ecosystems.research on the co-evolution and facilitation between palatable and unpalatable plants also represents another novel area of future study.

Optimal location query based on k nearest neighbours

Optimal location query in road networks is a basic operation in the location intelligence applications.Given a set of clients and servers on a road network,the purpose of optimal location query is to obtain a location for a new server,so that a certain objective function calculated based on the locations of clients and servers is optimal.Existing works assume no labels for servers and that a client only visits the nearest server.These assumptions are not realistic and it renders the existing work not useful in many cases.In this paper,we relax these assumptions and consider the k nearest neighbours(KNN)of clients.We introduce the problem of KNN-based optimal location query(KOLQ)which considers the k nearest servers of clients and labeled servers.We also introduce a variant problem called relocation KOLQ(RKOLQ)which aims at relocating an existing server to an optimal location.Two main analysis algorithms are proposed for these problems.Extensive experiments on the real road networks illustrate the efficiency of our proposed solutions.

城市轨道交通超短时客流预测模型研究及应用

超短时客流预测是城市轨道交通调度指挥中的关键基础性问题,现有的方法及模型各有优缺点,尚不能很好地满足现场实际工作需要。首先,基于上海城市轨道交通海量客流数据,对客流特征及其影响因素进行提取与分析,在此基础上引入“K最近邻算法”研究建立超短时客流预测模型。以上海城市轨道交通网络为实际背景的初步应用及结果分析表明,研究成果能对运营当天早晚高峰时段(7:00—10:00和17:00—20:00)客流做出超短时预测,具有较好的准确性、时效性和实用性,为调度指挥提供有力的客流数据支撑,助力构建城市轨道交通网络智慧客运组织调度系统。

1-Neighbour knapsack problem and prospective greedy algorithm of intentional islanding in active distribution network

A connected and undirected graph model of active distribution networks with considering the function of interconnecting switches is constructed in this paper.Based on this model,the island partition problem of active distribution networks can be described as a 1-neighbour knapsack problem.An effective heuristic algorithm named prospective greedy algorithm is then proposed to solve this problem.Case studies on PG&E 69-bus network show the validity of the proposed model and algorithm.

Cluster-Based Nearest-Neighbour Classifier and Its Application on the Lightning Classification

在这篇论文处理的问题为一个基于簇的近邻居的分类器使原型产生担心。它考虑，到分类一个测试模式，连接培训装置和一套原型的模式的线。一个有效方法这里基于聚类被使用与被用作原型的矩心发现类似的模式的亚群。一个学习方法反复地被用于调整位置并且原型本地度量标准。最后，我们证明简单适应距离测度改进我们的 nearest-neighbour-based 分类器的表演。关于另外的 nearest-neighbour-based 分类器的性能改进被用从短暂事件(长处) 卫星记录的快在轨道上获得的数据在一项闪电分类任务测试我们的方法验证，而且性能改进与几基准数据集通过实验被验证。建议方法的表演也用 Wilcoxon 症状等级测试被验证。

追寻内生的力量--“隙地”“狭地”“边地”的“空心化”反向运动

利用第七次全国人口普查数据,观察2010年至2020年第六次全国人口普查以来的十年时间里,全国农业县(不包括县级市和县级区)常住人口增长情况。在这些常住人口出现增长的农业县里,又大体可以分为省际结合部的“隙地”、东南沿海人地比例是全国平均水平二至四倍的“狭地”、西南民族地区的“边地”,简称“三地”。探讨“三地”的空心化反向运动的地方社会经济逻辑,并深入具体区域,结合其地理环境、资源禀赋、生计方式、家庭结构、地方传统,理解农民的行为选择及流动,追寻区域社会的内生动力,在具体的区域中认识中国农村。

Effective and Efficient Video Compression by the Deep Learning Techniques

Deep learning has reached many successes in Video Processing.Video has become a growing important part of our daily digital interactions.The advancement of better resolution content and the large volume offers serious challenges to the goal of receiving,distributing,compressing and revealing highquality video content.In this paper we propose a novel Effective and Efficient video compression by the Deep Learning framework based on the flask,which creatively combines the Deep Learning Techniques on Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)and Generative Adversarial Networks(GAN).The video compression method involves the layers are divided into different groups for data processing,using CNN to remove the duplicate frames,repeating the single image instead of the duplicate images by recognizing and detecting minute changes using GAN and recorded with Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM).Instead of the complete image,the small changes generated using GAN are substituted,which helps with frame-level compression.Pixel wise comparison is performed using K-nearest Neighbours(KNN)over the frame,clustered with K-means and Singular Value Decomposition(SVD)is applied for every frame in the video for all three colour channels[Red,Green,Blue]to decrease the dimension of the utility matrix[R,G,B]by extracting its latent factors.Video frames are packed with parameters with the aid of a codec and converted to video format and the results are compared with the original video.Repeated experiments on several videos with different sizes,duration,Frames per second(FPS),and quality results demonstrated a significant resampling rate.On normal,the outcome delivered had around a 10%deviation in quality and over half in size when contrasted,and the original video.

Optimal integration of solar home systems and appliance scheduling for residential homes under severe national load shedding

In developing countries like South Africa,users experienced more than 1030 hours of load shedding outages in just the first half of 2023 due to inadequate power supply from the national grid.Residential homes that cannot afford to take actions to mitigate the challenges of load shedding are severely inconvenienced as they have to reschedule their demand involuntarily.This study presents optimal strategies to guide households in determining suitable scheduling and sizing solutions for solar home systems to mitigate the inconvenience experienced by residents due to load shedding.To start with,we predict the load shedding stages that are used as input for the optimal strategies by using the K-Nearest Neighbour(KNN)algorithm.Based on an accurate forecast of the future load shedding patterns,we formulate the residents’inconvenience and the loss of power supply probability during load shedding as the objective function.When solving the multi-objective optimisation problem,four different strategies to fight against load shedding are identified,namely(1)optimal home appliance scheduling(HAS)under load shedding;(2)optimal HAS supported by solar panels;(3)optimal HAS supported by batteries,and(4)optimal HAS supported by the solar home system with both solar panels and batteries.Among these strategies,appliance scheduling with an optimally sized 9.6 kWh battery and a 2.74 kWp panel array of five 550 Wp panels,eliminates the loss of power supply probability and reduces the inconvenience by 92%when tested under the South African load shedding cases in 2023.