无有存在与艺术

文章作为对朱青生新出版专著《艺术学理论》的补充,试图建构一种基于当代思维的艺术本体论。文章反思西方艺术史上不同的艺术本体论,以及艺术发展语境中的理论层面。近四十年中国当代艺术的研究,以及不同于西方的中国艺术传统与观念,其中积累的价值和潜在的未开发领域都为当下建构一种新的艺术本体论提供了契机。文章借鉴和批判已有的方法论,提出“无有存在”的概念,将艺术本体论与人的本性和世界的本质联系起来。无有存在是对当代艺术实践的理论预设,期望当代艺术能够成为健全完整人性的一部分;也只有在这个意义上,当代艺术才能实践其本体论意义和价值。

Comparison of the clinical characteristics and survival between Uyghur patients with hepatitis virus-related and non-B, non-C hepatocellular carcinoma in Xinjiang, China

Objective： To compare the clinical characteristics and prognosis between hepatitis virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma（viral HCC） and non-B, non-C HCC（NBC-HCC） among Uyghur patients in Xinjiang province, China. Methods： Between 01/01/2000 and 31/12/2012, 319 Uyghur HCC patients were treated at the Cancer Centre of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. The data for the patients were obtained from a retrospective review of the patients＇ medical records. A total of 18 patients were excluded from the study because of incomplete information. The patients were classified into two groups： viral HCC and NBC-HCC. The clinical characteristics and prognostic factors were statistically analysed.Results： For all 301 patients, gender（P=0.000）, area of residence（P=0.002）, diabetes mellitus（P=0.009）, BMI（P=0.000）, cirrhosis（P=0.000）, tumour stage（P=0.004）, Child-Pugh class（P=0.000）, the TBIL level（P=0.000）, and the alpha-fetoprotein（AFP） level（P=0.000） were significantly different between the NBC-HCC and viral HCC groups. The NBC-HCC patients tended to be diagnosed at advanced stages; however, the NBC-HCC patients exhibited lower Child-Pugh scores than the viral HCC patients. In all patients examined, the 0.5-, 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival（OS） rates were 35.6%, 20.3%, 12.6% and 4.5%, respectively. No significant difference in OS was observed between the two groups（P=0.124）. Cox multivariate analysis revealed that age（RR =1.539, P=0.001）, TNM stage（RR =12.708, P=0.000）, portal vein tumour thrombus（PVTT）（RR =2.003, P=0.000）, Child-Pugh class（RR =1.715, P=0.000）, and TACE ＋ radiotherapy/RFA（RR =0.567, P=0.000） were significant independent prognostic factors for HCC patients. Conclusions： The clinical characteristics differ between Uyghur patients with NBC-HCC and viral HCC. HCC in the Xinjiang region displays specific regional characteristics. Age, TNM stage, PVTT, Child-Pugh class and TACE ＋ radiotherapy/RFA are significant risk factors that influence patient survival.

A mutation of the start codon in the X region of hepatitis B virus DNA in a patient with non-B,non-C chronic hepatitis

There are cases of hepatitis involving occult hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in which,even though the HB surface antigen(HBsAg)is negative,HBV-DNA is detected by a polymerase chain reaction(PCR).We con-ducted a sequence analysis of the entire HBV region in a case of non-B non-C chronic hepatitis in a 46-yearold female.A diagnosis of non-B non-C chronic hepatitis was made.Although HBV markers,such as HBs antibody(anti-HBs),anti-HBc,HBeAg and anti-HBe,were negative,HBV-DNA was positive.Nested PCR was performed to amplify the precore region of HBV-DNA and all remaining regions by long nested PCR.Sequence analysis of the two obtained bands was conducted by direct sequencing.Compared with the control strains,the ATG(Methionine)start codon in the X region had mut ated to GTG(Valine).It is assumed that a mutation at the start codon in the X region may be the reason why HBV markers are negative in some cases of hepatitis that involve occult HBV infection.

Occult hepatitis B virus infection and surgical outcomes in non-B, non-C patients with curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM To investigate the prevalence, clinicopathological characteristics and surgical outcomes of occult hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection(OBI) in patients with non-B, non-C(NBNC) hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS This study retrospectively examined the cases of 78 NBNC patients with curative resection for HCC for whom DNA could be extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. OBI was determined by the HBV-DNA amplification of at least two different sets of primers by TaqM an realtime polymerase chain reaction. Possibly carcinogenetic factors such as alcohol abuse, diabetes mellitus, obesity and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) were examined. Surgical outcomes were evaluated according to diseasefree survival(DFS), overall survival(OS) and diseasespecific survival(DSS).RESULTS OBI was found in 27/78 patients(34.6%) with NBNC HCC. The OBI patients were significantly younger than the non-OBI cases at the time of surgery(average age 63.0 vs 68.1, P = 0.0334) and the OBI cases overlapped with other etiologies significantly more frequently compared to the non-OBI cases(P = 0.0057). OBI had no impact on the DFS, OS or DSS. Only tumorrelated factors affected these surgical outcomes.CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that OBI had no impact on surgical outcomes. The surgical outcomes of NBNC HCC depend on early tumor detection; this reconfirms the importance of a periodic medical examination for individuals who have NBNC HCC risk factors.

Impact of smoking habit on surgical outcomes in non-B non-C patients with curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma

To analyzed the correlation between smoking status and surgical outcomes in patients with non-B non-C hepatocellular carcinoma (NBNC-HCC), and we investigated the patients’ clinicopathological characteristics according to smoking status.METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the consecutive cases of 83 NBNC-HCC patients who underwent curative surgical treatment for the primary lesion at Saga University Hospital between 1984 and December 2012. We collected information about possibly carcinogenic factors such as alcohol abuse, diabetes mellitus, obesity and smoking habit from medical records. Smoking habits were subcategorized as never, ex- and current smoker at the time of surgery. The diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was based on both clinical information and pathological confirmation.RESULTSAlcohol abuse, diabetes mellitus, obesity and NASH had no significant effect on the surgical outcomes. Current smoking status was strongly correlated with both overall survival (P = 0.0058) and disease-specific survival (P = 0.0105) by multivariate analyses. Subset analyses revealed that the current smokers were significantly younger at the time of surgery (P = 0.0002) and more likely to abuse alcohol (P = 0.0188) and to have multiple tumors (P = 0.023).CONCLUSIONCurrent smoking habit at the time of surgical treatment is a risk factor for poor long-term survival in NBNC-HCC patients. Current smokers tend to have multiple HCCs at a younger age than other patients.

改良气管内滴入肺表面活性物质治疗新生儿肺透明膜病临床效果分析与观察

目的分析改良气管内滴入肺表面活性物质治疗新生儿肺透明膜病的临床效果。方法 86例肺透明膜病患儿按照入院时间顺序分为对照组与观察组,每组各43例。对照组患儿采用传统多体位间断非密闭式气管内滴入肺表面活性物质治疗;观察组患儿采用改良气管内滴入肺表面活性物质治疗。比较两组患儿临床各项指标变化和临床症状改善情况。结果两组患儿平均操作时间、脱管和管口溢药及脉搏氧饱和度下降例数、呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率、临床使用呼吸机治疗时间、住院时间、住院费用、治愈率、死亡率比较差异均具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论临床应用改良气管内滴入肺表面活性物质治疗新生儿肺透明膜病,可有效改善患儿症状,提高临床疗效,同时还可缩短患儿呼吸机使用时间和住院时间,减少治疗费用,降低死亡率,保障患儿生命及健康安全。

新生儿低体重与某些慢性疾病的关系探讨

本文论述近年来国内外关于新生儿低体重的相关研究 ,阐述了新生儿低体重与其成年后罹患某些慢性疾病的关系 。

Exploring the Non-objectified Character of Daoin the Laozi： A Modern Articulation

This article focuses on the interpretation of heng dao ＇IN~_ （sometimes translated as ＂the constant dao＂） and its fundamental character in the Laozi. It argues against the prevailing interpretation of dao as an unchanging metaphysical substance or reality, and maintains that the fundamental feature of heng dao is both dynamic and eternal. Heng dao is beyond language because of its dynamic character, but the Laozi nevertheless strives to express it in three aspects： 1） its flexibility and adaptability as represented in the metaphor of water; 2） its movement of reversal and return; 3） and in its existential significance as a guide for life. Heng dao can be called the non-objectified dao, which produces law, principle, rule, method, and so on. Looked at in this way, the dynamic character of heng dao can be called non-objective.