Linkage Between European and East Asian Heatwaves on Synoptic Scales

Concurrent extreme weather events in geographically distant areas potentially cause high-end risks for societies.By using network analysis,the present study managed to identify significant nearly-simultaneous occurrences of heatwaves between the grid cells in East Asia and Eastern Europe,even though they are geographically far away from each other.By further composite analysis,this study revealed that hot events first occurred in Eastern Europe,typically with a time lag of3-4 days before the East Asian heatwave events.An eastward propagating atmospheric wave train,known as the circumglobal teleconnection(CGT)pattern,bridged the sequent occurrences of extreme events in these two remote regions.Atmospheric blockings,amplified by surface warming over Eastern Europe,not only enhanced local heat extremes but also excited a CGT-like pattern characterized by alternative anomalies of high and low pressures.Subsequent downstream anticyclones in the middle and upper troposphere reduced local cloud cover and increased downward solar radiation,thereby facilitating the formation of heatwaves over East Asia.Nearly half of East Asian heatwave events were preceded by Eastern European heatwave events in the 10-day time range before East Asian heatwave events.This investigation of heatwave teleconnection in the two distant regions exhibits strong potential to improve the prediction accuracy of East Asian heatwaves.

Can environmental sustainability be decoupled from economic growth? Empirical evidence from Eastern Europe using the common correlated effect mean group test

The European Union(EU) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD) aim to develop long-term policies for their respective member countries. Having observed increasing dangers to the environment posed by rising economic growth, they are seeking pathways to enable policy action on economic growth and environmental sustainability. Given the facts in theoretical and empirical studies, this study assessed the validity of the decoupling hypothesis by investigating asymmetricity in the relationship between environmental sustainability and economic growth in nine Eastern European countries from 1998 to 2017 using the cross-section augmented Dickey-Fuller(CADF) unit root, panel corrected standard error(PCSE), common correlated effect mean group(CCEMG), and Dumitrescu Hurlin causality approaches. Both population growth and drinking water are used as controlled variables. The outcomes establish strong cointegration among all the variables of interest. According to the results of CCEMG test, economic growth exerts short-term environmental degradation but has long-term environmental benefits in Eastern Europe;and population growth and drinking water exert a positive effect on environmental sustainability in both the short-and long-run. The results of Dumitrescu Hurlin causality test indicate that environmental sustainability is unidirectionally affected by economic growth. Based on these outcomes, we suggest the following policies:(1) the EU and OECD should implement member-targeted policies on economic growth and fossil-fuel use towards regulating industrial pollution, water use, and population control;and(2) the EU and OECD member countries should invest in environmental technologies through green research and development(R&D) to transform their dirty industrial processes and ensure productive energy use.

Cervical Cancer Prevention Challenges and Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening and HPV Vaccinations in Ukraine and Eastern Europe

Objectives: To identify the obstacles and issues that hinder effective cancer prevention efforts in Ukraine. The study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the barriers to cancer prevention, including both infrastructure and behavioral factors, and identify potential solutions to address these challenges. Study Design: Comprehensive literature review. Methods: The following databases were searched: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health). The keywords used in the search included “Cervical Cancer”, “Human Papillomavirus Vaccination (HPV)”, “Ukraine”, “Eastern Europe”, “Healthcare Infrastructure in Disasters”, “Cervical Cancer Prevention”, “Pap Smear”, and “HPV Testing”. Results: A total of 3500 articles were screened. A total of 65 articles met the inclusion criteria. Limited public awareness and limited access to vaccination and screening, combined with inadequate treatment facilities lead to higher rates of cervical cancer. The COVID pandemic, war with Russia, and the Chernobyl disaster are significant factors for the low level of vaccination in Ukraine. Conclusion: The prevention and treatment of cervical cancer in Ukraine face significant challenges due to the inadequate HPV vaccination rates and screening by cytology. Efforts to improve funding and increase education of both the population and health care providers are necessary to increase interventions such as HPV vaccination, cervical cytology, and HPV testing to reduce cervical cancer rates in Ukraine.

Trends in aerosol optical properties over Eastern Europe based on MODIS-Aqua

This study provides characteristics of aerosol columnar properties,measured over ten countries in Eastern Europe from 2002 to 2019.Aerosol optical depth(AOD)and Angstrom exponent(AE)were obtained with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)Collection 6.1 merged Dark Target and Deep Blue aerosol product.The product is validated using ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network(AERONET)situated at Minsk,Belsk,Moldova and Kyiv.The results showed that 76.15%of retrieved AOD data are within the expected error.It was established that 64.2%of AOD points are between 0 and 0.2 and 79.3%of all AE points are over 1.Mean AOD values in the region vary from 0.130±0.04(Moldova)to 0.193±0.03(Czech Republic)with mean value in the region 0.162±0.05.Seasonal mean AOD(AE)values were at the maximum during the summer from 0.231±0.05(1.482±0.09 in winter)to minimum 0.087±0.04 during the winter(1.363±0.17 in summer).Gradual AOD reduction is observed in all countries with annual trend from-0.0050(Belarus)to-0.0029(Russia).Finally,the relationship between AOD and AE was studied to classify various aerosol types and showed seasonal non-uniformity of their contribution depending on variation in sources.The entire region is under significant impact of various aerosol types,including clean continental(CC),mixed(MX)and anthropogenic/burning(AB)aerosols types that are at 59.77%,24.72%,and 12.97%respectively.These results form an important basis for further regional studies of air quality and distribution of sources of pollution.

Analysis of lower-boundary climate factors contributing to the summer heatwave frequency over eastern Europe using a machine-learning model

A machine-learning(ML)model,the light gradient boosting machine(LightGBM),was constructed to simulate the variation in the summer(June-July-August)heatwave frequency(HWF)over eastern Europe(HWFUR)and to analyze the contributions of various lower-boundary climate factors to the HWFUR variation.The examined lower-boundary climate factors were those that may contribute to the HWFUR variation—namely,the sea surface temperature,soil moisture,snow-cover extent,and sea-ice concentration from the simultaneous summer,preceding spring,and winter.These selected climate factors were significantly correlated to the summer HWFUR variation and were used to construct the ML model.Both the hindcast simulation of HWF EUR for the period 1981-2020 and its real-time simulation for the period 2011-2020,which used the constructed ML model,were investigated.To evaluate the contributions of the climate factors,various model experiments using different combinations of the climate factors were examined and compared.The results indicated that the LightGBM model had comparatively good performance in simulating the HWFUR variation.The sea surface temperature made more contributions to the ML model simulation than the other climate factors.Further examination showed that the best ML simulation was that which used the climate factors in the preceding winter,suggesting that the lower-boundary conditions in the preceding winter may be critical in forecasting the summer HWFUR variation.

Integration Approach to Studying of Regional Music Cultures --On an Example of the Eastern Europe

The paper based on the proposed integrative approach to studying music cultures of the Eastern Europe. Come to light the factors of integration promoting interference and enrichment of national musical cultures. The region of national composer schools actively joined in world art process in the second half of the 19th century （Czechia, Poland, and Hungary） and in the 20th century （Bulgaria, Slovakia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, and Macedonia） Theme of this paper is to identify the basic principles of this region. The purpose of the work, defining features of the musical cultures of the Eastern European region as a whole, also here highlights the commonality of the creative ideas of representatives of the region--Bartok, Janachek, Martinu, etc.. Method of developing is defined by their orientation to the disclosure of topic. The paper used the comparative-typological and integrated approaches and methods of analysis

EASTERN EUROPE

To Eastern Europe, 1997 will be another year of constant political turbulence.For those countries which held their parliamentary elections or presidential electionsin 1996, namely Albania, Czech Republic, Romania and Bulgaria, political strug-gle will linger on. For other countries like Poland, Hungary and Slovakia, it wouldbe a busy year to prepare for the 1998 parliamentary elections.

Which Central and Eastern European country has the greatest potential for housing market recovery？

This paper is concentrated on analyzing the CEE （Central and Eastern European） countries housing and lending market development in 2002-2009. These countries experienced real estate boom and bust phases during that time and the aim of this paper is to understand which of these countries have the greatest potential for housing market recovery. The study has conducted comparable analysis of these countries and their real estate and lending market. The data was collected from central banks, national statistic offices and real estate companies. The results suggest that countries with higher housing debt had stronger real estate booms and the current bust-cycle has caused much steeper decline in prices. This paper attempts to look at the CEE housing markets from the developer＇s or investor＇s point of view and may be useful for banks and other financial institutions which are related to housing market and lending.

Chinese Culture and Arts Shine in Eastern Europe

In October 2009, The Chinese Cultural Ministry hosted ＂China Culture Festival＂ in Czech Republic, Hungary and Serbia respectively to mark the 60th anniversary of its diplomatic ties with these three countries in Eastern Europe, In one month＇s time, Chinese artists presented fascinating performances, exhibitions, film showcases and other cultural events. Wherever these celebrations were held, the reporter can deeply feel the friendship with Chinese people and the strong interest in Chinese culture.

Orange Snow in Eastern Europe

A recent fall of really strange orangetinted snow is making headlines after it swept across a swathe(一长片)of Eastern Europe. Images on social media from Russia show mountainous landscapes tinged(微染)auburn(赤褐色),where usually they are pristine white.

中欧班列市场化经营机制与中国-中东欧国家贸易发展研究

中欧班列作为共建“一带一路”的拳头产品,促进了中国-中东欧国家的经贸发展。遵循市场规律是高质量共建“一带一路”的重要原则,也是中欧班列进一步推动中国-中东欧贸易合作的必然趋势。运用产业组织理论,按企业行为-市场绩效-市场结构双向决定的思路,梳理了途径中东欧或目的地为中东欧的中欧班列发展现状,发现市场化经营机制激发了中欧班列建设的内在动力,并进一步促进了中国-中东欧国家的贸易发展。中欧班列市场机制建设将助推更多中国企业实施“走出去战略”,促进中国-中东欧国家信息、数字经济和绿色能源等产业进一步加强合作,同时还能有效促进中欧班列运行相关服务业如扩大跨境资金清结算业务。与此同时,这些成果将进一步深化中欧班列市场机制。

社会主义制度在东欧的建立——兼谈东欧苏联化的背景、过程和领域

苏联化是1945年后苏联对东欧战略的重要组成部分。东欧的苏联化涉及调节国家间关系,划定这些国家的边界,通过驱逐和人口转移来确定这些国家的民族构成,参与制定这些国家的宪法,并决定这些国家的政府组成。苏联化旨在通过改变当地社会的许多方面和重建文化生活,使苏联的官方意识形态成为东欧国家个人生活的指导思想。苏联化导致两个后果:其一,苏联化使苏联得以与东欧国家组成东方集团,并通过经互会和华约长期控制东欧国家,使绝大多数东欧国家成为冷战的一方,并脱离了原有的社会经济发展轨道;其二,苏联化在诸多方面与东欧国家的历史和政治与经济传统不适应,导致自20世纪50年代中期起,东欧国家一直在以不同的方式寻找符合本民族特性和利益的发展道路,并最终导致1989—1991年东欧国家政局剧变,彻底抛弃苏联模式,重拾两次世界大战间存在于这些国家的政治和经济发展模式。

中东欧公路隧道反光涂层关键施工技术

隧道反光涂层是隧道附属结构的一个重要组成部分,其施工质量对隧道的运营质量有重要影响。中东欧地区在欧洲标准体系下隧道反光涂层的施工工艺与国内差别较大,以黑山南北高速公路隧道反光涂层施工为例,从施工材料、表面处理、反光涂层施工、质量验收、易出现质量问题等方面进行阐述,总结出一套适合中东欧高速公路施工理念的隧道反光涂层施工技术。研究结果表明,基面湿度、环境温度、基面质量为关键条件因素,加强检测和工序验收尤为重要。

风险偏好、资产专用性与中东欧小国对华政策选择——以立陶宛、塞尔维亚、匈牙利为例

国际关系史上,小国一般会选择追随某一强国或加入某一阵营,但在百年变局及大国关系深刻调整的今天,中东欧小国无法简单地在中美之间选边站,而是基于风险偏好和大国的资产专用性调整外交政策。当小国属于风险寻求且大国的资产专用性较弱时会选择制衡;当小国属于风险回避且大国的资产专用性较强时会选择追随;当小国属于风险寻求且大国的资产专用性较强时会选择对冲。本文以立陶宛、塞尔维亚、匈牙利三个中东欧国家对华政策的调整为案例进行检验,验证了研究假设。

中东欧次区域合作:概念、进程、功效与评估

冷战结束以来,中东欧地区涌现出大量的次区域合作组织,它们是欧洲国际政治中的一个新特征,同时催生了国际关系中的小多边主义理论。中东欧地区次区域合作组织的发生发展有明显的阶段性,并展现出四项基本功能。中东欧若干次区域合作组织具有合作内容广泛且开放性等特征,次区域合作成员国可以是不同政权性质的国家,次区域合作组织是否具有制度化机构并非评价次区域合作深度或效率的硬性指标。人们在评价中东欧次区域合作组织的功效方面存在争议,但绝大多数这类型组织在促进中东欧国家加盟入约、推动转轨/转型顺利进行、协助解决“地方性”跨国问题等方面发挥了一定程度的积极作用。中东欧次区域合作(小多边)给欧洲一体化带来更多的是动力,其功能是“拾遗补缺”,与欧洲一体化相向而行,因而欧盟对中东欧的次区域合作基本持支持立场。

“丝绸之路经济带”沿线中东欧国家白酒市场研究

为探究我国白酒行业在“一带一路”倡议背景下的国际化之路,从中东欧国家总体饮酒消费特征、消费趋势、消费偏好等方面进行了剖析,并运用市场营销理论从定性与定量两个方面构建了分析指标体系,采用SPSS 23.0软件对中东欧各国文化、国家安全、人口、经济、酒类消费情况、营商环境等方面开展因子分析,最终提出中国白酒企业开拓中东欧白酒市场的优选策略,从而为白酒企业提供可行性建议,为区域经济发展服务。

东欧马克思主义本土化的历史轨迹

东欧国家社会主义政党自接受马克思主义起,便开始了马克思主义本土化的探索。十月革命后,东欧国家社会主义政党纷纷以十月革命为榜样开展革命,推动马克思主义本土化。二战结束后,东欧国家迅速确立了苏联模式。此后,东欧社会主义在“民族道路”和“苏联模式”的选择与磨擦中前进,相继产生了“波兰道路”和“匈牙利道路”,同“南斯拉夫试验”一起成为战后东欧改革热潮。20世纪60年代末和70年代初,东欧各国民族道路与苏联模式若即若离、暗中较量,再次掀起改革热潮,这是东欧马克思主义本土化最好的时期。东欧马克思主义本土化道路曲折而坎坷,最终在苏东剧变中相继崩溃。东欧马克思主义本土化的经验教训,值得国际社会主义运动认真总结。

欧洲东部土壤湿度对东北亚初夏气温异常转折的影响及其可能物理过程

采用1979—2020年观测和再分析资料,研究了年际时间尺度上初夏(5—6月)东北亚气温异常月际转折的基本特征,以及欧洲东部土壤湿度异常对其的影响及可能物理过程。结果表明,年际时间尺度上东北亚初夏气温异常月际演变的主导模态为转折模态,即5月偏暖(冷)则6月偏冷(暖);转折模态的形成直接源于东北亚地区环流异常的转折。进一步分析发现,5月欧洲东部土壤湿度偏低往往导致东北亚5月偏暖而6月偏冷,可能的物理过程如下:5月土壤湿度偏低导致局地土壤温度和对流层低层增温,进而造成地中海地区(欧洲北部)对流层低层经向温度梯度和大气斜压性减弱(增强),相应地高频瞬变波活动减弱(增强),并通过瞬变涡度强迫有利于欧洲中东部形成异常高压和Rossby波波源;相关的Rossby波沿极锋急流东传,导致东北亚为准正压的异常高压,地表升温。土壤湿度异常可持续到6月,但强度减弱;类似地,其可通过瞬变涡度强迫有利于异常高压和Rossby波波源的形成,但中心西移至欧洲西部;相关Rossby波活动导致东北亚为准正压的异常低压,地表降温。5月和6月欧洲东部土壤湿度异常相关的Rossby波的活动特征(波源、活动中心和传播路径)存在明显差异,这与两个月欧亚北部大气平均态的差异密切相关。当5月欧洲东部土壤湿度偏高时,上述物理过程则大致相反。

中东欧地区的疑欧主义趋向与欧洲一体化的未来

2015年以来,具有疑欧主义倾向的政党在中东欧地区政党中逐渐从非主流向主流靠近,并在经济、文化和主权三个维度上挑战了欧盟的合法性地位,严重冲击了欧洲一体化进程,对欧盟的团结造成前所未有的挑战。本文选取2015年后中东欧地区执政党或执政联盟中具有疑欧主义趋向的七个政党作为案例,并以经济疑欧主义、文化疑欧主义和主权疑欧主义为中心提出理论分析框架。中东欧地区的疑欧主义模式可分为三类,即基于“文化—经济—主权”的多重混合模式、基于“文化—主权”的双重混合模式、文化疑欧主义单一模式。其中,文化疑欧主义是中东欧疑欧政党的共同特征。总体来看,中东欧地区疑欧主义政党对欧盟的政策批评充分暴露了东西欧之间在历史记忆与价值观方面的裂痕,这制约着欧盟未来在社会文化和政治领域的一体化发展。

拜占庭文化的历史价值新论

存在了千余年的拜占庭帝国,和中世纪的西欧、北欧等地区不同,集中体现了东地中海地区希腊文化向中世纪文化过渡和转型的特殊进程。由于地理和战争等多方面的原因,一部拜占庭文化史,其实就是人类历史上东西方文化长时期大规模碰撞和交流的历史。可以说,拜占庭开辟了大规模东西方文化交流的新时代,这是其最大的价值所在。拜占庭人在文化上的功利性的实用主义态度,向后看的文化视野和首都与外省、作家群体之间的隔膜,是导致其千余年文化兴衰的重要原因。