Latin American Leftist Governments Tackle Neo-liberalism

Throughout the 1990s, the United States and the international organizations under its control vigorously pushed for neo-

Socio-Economic and Political Analysis of a Fragile State:A Reflection on Ethiopia

A review of the literature indicates that,currently,Ethiopia is now beyond the bounds of fragility.The purpose of the study was to investigate whether Ethiopia was experiencing fragility.After a review of the literature on fragility,a theoretical framework lens on fragility was developed to empirically test Ethiopia’s current condition.A longitudinal analysis indicates that before 2018,Ethiopia was regarded as the central economic engine of sub-Saharan Africa.However,as the current regime reversed Ethiopia’s developmental state model and moved to follow a neo-liberal model,Ethiopia’s economy has gradually diminished.More specifically,during the current regime,Ethiopia has experienced a decline in its Gross Domestic Product,faced rampant unemployment,and encountered an increase in inflation.Its foreign exchange currency reserves have declined below the three-month threshold of hard currency required for a country to import goods and services,and its external debt has extended beyond the country’s GDP.By encouraging armed conflict and widespread insurgencies,the current regime has caused social tension and deep humanitarian crises in Ethiopia-resulting in devastation of health and school facilities and causing more than five million Ethiopians to be displaced.Finally,failing to provide leadership to his people,the current regime in Ethiopia has willingly allowed the incursion of Ethiopia’s sovereignty by foreign forces.The conclusion of the study is that,when observed through the lens of fragility using a longitudinal framework,currently,Ethiopia has traversed beyond fragility and seems to be heading toward balkanization.

Contemporary Pandemic and Political “Ideologies”: Prospects From Gandhism

Contemporary world is not the same,after the declaration by World Health Organisation to Covid-19 as pandemic on 11th March 2020.People’s life and all aspects of it are under the grip of a myriad of questions.Where we are and where will we go?In this stage of crisis,we are experiencing a vacuum,as all available political metanarratives are unable to satisfy our needs and fail to provide opportunities of leading a good life.Political ideologies give us structures,platforms,frameworks for systematisation of thoughts upon which we create our“worldview”.On the basis of these world views,economic and political systems are constructed.The present paper will inquire about how the existing world views are insufficient to create“human good”considering the case of globalization,the hyper state of which has accelerated the movement of goods,services,ideas,and people.But,this stage seems to be over by adding one more word in the list of free movements and that is“viruses”.It has created a stir in the whole world and threat to human security.Similarly,the ideology of neoliberalism has focused only on“economic growth”.But,it is evident now that only by developing economically,we cannot make our lives beautiful.Rather,it is lessening the rhythm and balance between human and nature day by day.The material growth has not been able to help us in contemporary pandemic so far,and there is no doubt that“matter”of this materialism alone does not matter in life.The ideology of materialism seems to get failed visualizing condition of developed world mainly America,Germany,and Italy.Communism has witnessed its downfall after the fall of USSR.Again,communist China has more or less created Covid-19 to make herself a“superpower”.History has shown us how communism has locked human freedom and adversely affected transparency of any system.The biggest problem is with the ideology of utilitarianism which endorses every activity of mankind on the basis of“utility”only justifying the idea of making“greatest benefit of greatest number”.This paper will inquire and critically analyse all the above mentioned ideologies and further suggest the Gandhian values,styles,and ideas for making the world a better place to live.

Who Should Be the Subject of Global Governance?

The neo-liberal view of global governance holds that sovereign state-dominated global governance will undermine the fairness of the international community,and the social legitimacy of nationalism is insufficient.However,some scholars pointed out that in the global governance mechanism advocated by neo-liberalism and cosmopolitanism,the state role is absent and the subjects and fields of governance are highly overlapping and inefficient,resulting in the dilemma that global governance is more fair than efficient.This article holds that the implementation of effective global governance can draw lessons from the experience of China’s socialist market economy and form a state-coordinated diversified governance program.Through the coordination of the state and considering both the fairness and efficiency in the process of global governance,the effective combination of the two can be achieved on the subject of global governance.

The Coronavirus Pandemic:The Growing Relevance of Moral Cosmopolitan Justice?

The essay attempts to conceptualise the adverse repercussions of coronavirus in an unequal global order.The changing security regime has intensified the increased probabilities of potential non-conventional threats The coronavirus has uncovered the unpleasant realities of the socio-economic and political structure of theglobal north encountering financial crises and lack of health care resources.Contradictorily,the Pandemic has pushed the developing countries into the realm of extreme poverty,destroyed their minimum living conditions with the marginal provision of financial assistance.The contemporary unequal scenario exposed the unequal treatment for different social and economic classes questioning the neo-liberal policy discourse.Therefore,the central theme of the essay is to understand the multidimensional underpinnings of the health crises and global inequality upholding the relevance of cosmopolitan justice,adopting an analytical and deductive methodology of driving conclusions from general premises.