Percutaneous nephrostomy versus ureteral stent in hydronephrosis secondary to obstructive urolithiasis:A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To assess if there is a preferable intervention between retrograde ureteral stent (RUS) and percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) tube, in cases of upper urinary tract stone obstruction with complications requiring urgent drainage, by evaluating outcomes regarding urinary symptoms, quality of life (QoL), spontaneous stone passage, and length of hospital stays, since there is no literature stating the superiority of one modality over the other.Methods: We searched MEDLINE and other sources for relevant articles in June 2019 without any date restrictions or filters applied. The selection was done first by the title and abstract screening and then by full-text assessment for eligibility. Only randomized controlled trials or cohort studies in patients with hydronephrosis secondary to obstructive urolithiasis that presented comparative data between PCN and RUS placement concerning at least one of the defined outcome measures were included. Lastly, MEDLINE database and PubMed platform were screened again using the same terms, from June 2019 until November 2022.Results: Of 556 initial articles, seven were included in this review. Most works were considered of moderate-to-high quality. Three studies regarding QoL showed a tendency against stenting, even though only one demonstrated statistically significant negative impact on overall health state. Two works reported significantly more post-intervention urinary symptoms in stenting patients. One article found that PCN is a significant predictor of spontaneous stone passage, when adjusted for stone size and location. Findings on length of hospital stays were not consistent among articles.Conclusion: PCN appears to be the intervention better tolerated, with less impact on the patient’s perceived QoL and less post-operative urinary symptoms, in comparison with RUS. Nevertheless, further studies with larger samples and a randomized controlled design are suggested.

Outcome of nephrostomy balloon dilation for vesicourethral anastomotic strictures following radical prostatectomy： a retrospective study

To evaluate the efficacy of nephrostomy balloon dilation （NBD） for patients who developed vesicourethral anastomotic stricture （VAS） following radical prostatectomy. NBD was performed in patients who developed VAS following radical prostatectomy. Quality of life （QoL）, International Prostate Symptom Score （IPSS） and maximal urinary flow rate （Qmax） were evaluated. Four hundred and sixty-three prostate cancer patients underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy （RRP）, and 86 underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy （LRP）. Most patients （90.3%） had T2 or T3 prostate cancer and a pathological Gleason score of ; 7. Forty-five （8.2%） and four （4.7%） patients developed VAS due to radical or LRP, respectively. Forty （89%） patients underwent NBD, including three cases of repeat dilation. The median Qmax was 4 ml s- （interquartile range （IQR）, 2.3-5.6） before dilation and improved to 16 ml s- （IQR, 15-19） and 19 ml s-1 （IQR, 18-21） at the 1- and 12-month follow-up, respectively （P〈 0.01）. Fifteen （37.5%） patients had urinary incontinence prior to dilation, whereas only three （7.5%） patients had incontinence 12 months following dilation （P 〈 0.01）. The median IPSS score improved from 19 （IQR, 17-24） before dilation to 7 （IQR, 6-8） at 12 months following dilation, and the QoL score improved from 5 （IQR, 4-6） before dilation to 2 （IQR, 2-3） at 12 months following dilation （P 〈 0.01 in both）. VAS occurs in a small but significant proportion of patients following radical prostatectomy. NBD offers an effective remedy for VAS.

Clinical Application of Percutaneous Nephrostomy in Some Urologic Diseases

Percutaneous nephrostomy was applied in some other urologic diseases and the efficacy was evaluated. Percutaneous nephrostomy for percutaneous nephrolithotomy （PNL） was performed in patients with various renal, perinephric and bladder diseases （n=79）. The tract establishment, operation duration and complications were observed and the efficacy was assessed. The results showed that the tracts were successfully established in 79 cases. The operation lasted 4–20 min. 12F–16F single tract was established in nephrohydrop patients and 16F–20F single or multiple tracts were established in patients with pyonephrosis, renal cortical abscess, renal cyst and perinephric abscess. During dilation, no leakage of liquor puris was noted. Establishment of 18F single tract was achieved in one urinoma patient. In two patients with foreign body in kidney, the foreign bodies were removed via established 14F single tract. 18F tracts were established in 2 patients with bladder contracture, which was followed by the placement of 16F balloon urethral catheter for drainage. No complications, such as massive bleeding, intestinal injury and spreading of infection took place in our series. All the patients were followed up for 2–12 months. No long-term complications such as dropping of drainage tube occurred. It is concluded that as a minimally invasive technique, percutaneous nephrostomy has the advantages of convenience, simplicity and causing less complications and can be used for various urologic diseases.

Use of percutaneous nephrostomy and ureteral stenting in management of ureteral obstruction

The management options for ureteral obstruction are diverse, including retrograde ureteral stent insertion or antegrade nephrostomy placement, with or without eventual antegrade stent insertion. There is currently no consensus on the ideal treatment or treatment pathway for ureteral obstruction owing, in part, to the varied etiologies of obstruction and diversity of institutional practices. Additionally, different clinicians such as internists, urologists, oncologists and radiologists are often involved in the care of patients with ureteral obstruction and may have differing opinions concerning the best management strategy. The purpose of this manuscript was to review available literature that compares percutaneous nephrostomy placement vs ureteral stenting in the management of ureteral obstruction from both benign and malignant etiologies.

Outcomes of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy with or without Nephrostomy Tube: A Comparative Study

Objectives: To compare the outcomes of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) with or without nephrostomy tube. Materials & Methods: This prospective comparative study intended to compare the outcomes between PCNL without nephrostomy tube and PCNL with nephrostomy tube. A total of 50 cases of renal stone disease planned for PCNL in Dhaka Medical College Hospital from July 2015 to June 2017, were included in this study according to the statistical calculation. Cases were randomly allocated to group A (PCNL without nephrostomy tube) and group B (PCNL with nephrostomy tube). Each group consisted of 25 patients. The outcome variables were post operative pain, requirement of analgesic, leakage of urine and post operative hospital stay. Data were analyzed and compared by statistical tests. Results: No significant differences were found regarding age (p = 0.95), sex (p = 0.55) and operation time (p = 0.36) between two groups. Post operative pain (p p p p Conclusions: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy without nephrostomy tube is better than percutaneous nephrolithotomy with nephrostomy tube in selective cases. It significantly reduces post operativepain, analgesic requirement and postoperative hospital stay. So percutaneous nephrolithotomy without nephrostomy tube is safe and effective.

单侧重度肾积水解除梗阻后肾功能恢复不佳的影响因素分析

目的 分析单侧重度肾积水患者解除梗阻后肾功能恢复不佳的影响因素,为预测肾功能恢复提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2015至2022年东莞东华医院收治的55例单侧重度肾积水且肾小球滤过率(GFR)<10 mL/min患者的病例资料,所有患者均采用经皮肾穿刺造瘘临时解除梗阻,根据肾功能的恢复情况分为肾功能恢复组和肾功能未恢复组,收集并分析解除梗阻后肾功能恢复的影响因素。结果 55例重度肾积水行经皮肾造瘘解除梗阻后,30例(54.5%)肾功能恢复,25例(45.5%)肾功能恢复不佳。单因素分析显示,2组患者的性别、患肾侧别、BMI、糖尿病史、高血压病史、造瘘前肾小球滤过率(GFR)、患肾尿液pH值等指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);2组患者的年龄、肾实质厚度、患肾GFR与总GFR比值、肾积水感染状态以及造瘘后患肾尿量比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,造瘘前患肾GFR与总GFR比值(OR=0.24,95%CI 0.06~0.98)和造瘘后患肾尿量(OR=0.04,95%CI 0.01~0.25)为造瘘后肾功能恢复的影响因素。结论 GFR<10 mL/min的单侧重度肾积水使用经皮肾造瘘临时解除梗阻后,部分患者的肾功能可恢复;造瘘前患肾GFR与总GFR比值<10%和造瘘后患肾尿量<400 mL/d为患肾功能恢复不佳的影响因素,临床医师可根据患肾造瘘前的GFR与总GFR值和尿量预测患肾功能的恢复情况。

Interventional Ultrasound in Ambulatory Urological Practice: Experience of the Medicis Clinic in Conakry

Introduction: Minimally invasive urological interventions have long been practiced blindly in our context. The popularization of ultrasound in urological practice has contributed to changing habits by making the procedures safer and more effective. The objective of this work was to study the technical aspects, indications and results of minimally invasive urological procedures guided by ultrasound. Material and methods: This was a prospective descriptive study lasting 1 year from January to December 2023 at the Médicis clinic in Conakry. Results: We carried out 126 ultrasound-guided urological interventions in one year, including 6 percutaneous nephrostomies (NPC), one renal cyst puncture-aspiration-sclerotherapy, 102 prostate biopsies, 5 drainages by transrectal aspiration of prostatic abscesses, 10 placements of cystostomy probes. Suprapubic, 2 puncture-aspiration-sclerotherapies for vaginal hydroceles. The average age of our patients was 69 years and the predominant age range was 61 - 70. The majority of our patients were male (97.61%) with a sex ratio of 41 men to one woman. Ultrasound-guided urological interventions were for diagnostic purposes (80.95%), for therapeutic purposes (15.77%) and for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes (3.96%). The indications for ultrasound-guided urological interventions were dominated by prostate pathologies (84.91%). The majority of interventions were performed rectally (84.92%) versus (13.43%) abdominally and only 1.58% scrotalally. All procedures were performed in B-ultrasound mode under local anesthesia and on an outpatient basis. For therapeutic interventions, the patients were seen again one month after the procedure, the clinical examination and ultrasound control found the evolution to be favorable. Conclusion: ultrasound is useful in urological practice for guiding minimally invasive interventions. The indications for ultrasound-guided procedures in urology are dominated by prostate pathologies. These procedures are safe and effective with fewer complications. Interventional ultrasound must be further integrated into the habits of urologists.

经皮肾镜取石术分期治疗结石性脓肾临床效果的Meta分析

目的本研究旨在评价Ⅰ期经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)和Ⅰ期经皮肾穿刺造瘘术(PCN)、Ⅱ期PCNL治疗结石性脓肾患者的临床疗效,以确定此类患者最佳手术方案的选择。方法全面检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science和EMBASE数据库以及中国知网、万方、维普数据库,于2012年1月—2022年10月发表的有关于结石性脓肾研究的文章,并根据纳入和排除标准选择文献。在检索数据并评价文献质量后,采用Review Manager software(RevMan 5.4.3,Cochrane协作网,Oxford,UK)进行Meta分析。结果本文从105项研究中选择了11项共688例患者。其中347例接受Ⅰ期PCNL治疗,341例患者接受Ⅰ期PCN及Ⅱ期PCNL治疗(以下简称Ⅱ期PCNL)。Meta分析结果显示:Ⅰ期PCNL和Ⅱ期PCNL在结石清除率(P=0.95)、手术时间(P=0.48)、术后感染性休克(P=0.36)、肾周积液感染(P=0.27)方面差异无统计学意义;Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期PCNL在术后发热(P=0.03)、留置肾造瘘管时间(P<0.01)、住院费用(P<0.01)、住院时间(P<0.01)、术后住院时间(P=0.02)方面差异有统计学意义。对于结石性脓肾患者的治疗,以上2种方案在结石清除率、手术时间、术后发生肾周积液感染及感染性休克的发生方面类似。虽然Ⅰ期PCNL术后发热的患者更多,但是住院费用更低,留置肾造瘘管时间、总住院时间、术后住院时间更短。结论Ⅰ期PCNL治疗肾及输尿管上段结石合并脓肾是经济、安全、有效的,在临床实践中具备一定的推广价值。

经皮肾造瘘肾盂减压治疗上尿路结石并尿源性脓毒血症的效果研讨

目的分析上尿路结石并尿源性脓毒血症患者运用经皮肾造瘘肾盂减压治疗的有效性。方法目的选取南京市第一医院于2023年2月—2024年2月收治的50例上尿路结石并尿源性脓毒血症患者为研究对象,根据治疗方式不同分为两组,各25例。参比组给予留置输尿管支架进行肾盂减压治疗,研究组运用经皮肾造瘘肾盂减压治疗。对比两组患者手术时间和二期碎石情况、实验室指标及并发症发生率。结果研究组的手术时间为(32.13±3.58)min,短于参比组的(38.66±3.84)min,差异有统计学意义(t=6.219,P<0.05);研究组的软镜使用率为0,低于参比组的24.00%(6/25),研究组结石清除率为96.00%(24/25),高于参比组的76.00%(19/25),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.818、4.153,P均<0.05)。研究组治疗后C反应蛋白、降钙素原、白细胞计数、血清内毒素水平低于参比组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。研究组并发症发生率低于参比组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论上尿路结石并尿源性脓毒血症患者运用经皮肾造瘘肾盂减压治疗效果较好,可以提高结石清除效率。

PCNL肾造瘘管留置对患者术后出血、炎症反应情况的影响研究

目的研究经皮肾镜碎石取石术(PCNL)肾造瘘管留置对患者术后出血、炎症反应情况的影响。方法回顾性分析2017年12月~2021年12月在宁国市人民医院行PCNL的肾结石患者100例,根据患者有无留置肾造瘘管划分为对照组、观察组,各50例,对照组留置肾造瘘管,观察组未留置肾造瘘管。对比两组患者结石清除率、手术时间和住院时间,同时对比两组患者的术后出血情况、术前及术后1 d炎性因子水平变化情况。结果两组患者结石清除率、手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组住院时间长于观察组[(15.28±4.82)d vs.(11.68±4.56)d],差异有统计学意义(t=3.836,P<0.05);对照组和观察组术后出血发生率(8.00%vs.6.00%)、术后出血量[(221.47±42.58)ml vs.(215.68±39.74)ml]对比差异无统计学意义(t=0.703,P>0.05);术后1 d,两组患者的C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平均高于术前,且对照组术后1 d的CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平分别为(23.17±3.74)mg L、(11.93±2.27)pg L、(21.85±3.72)pg L,明显高于观察组(20.85±3.6)mg L、(10.75±2.11)pg L、(19.68±3.55)pg L,差异均有统计学意义(t=3.122、2.692、2.984,P<0.05)。结论在PCNL中留置或不留置肾造瘘管均能获得良好的结石清除率,但留置肾造瘘管会延长住院时间,加剧患者术后炎症反应,恢复进程较慢。

经皮肾穿刺微造瘘引流术对输尿管结石引起脓毒症患者的效果

目的:探究经皮肾穿刺微造瘘引流术对输尿管结石引起脓毒症患者的效果。方法:选取2020年3月—2022年2月钦州市第一人民医院收治的输尿管结石引起脓毒症的患者73例,依据随机数表法将患者分为对照组(n=36)和观察组(n=37),对照组采用常规碎石引流方法治疗,观察组采用经皮肾穿刺微造瘘引流术。比较两组患者临床指标、治疗前后肾功能、肾积水程度、炎症水平,术后复发脓毒症率和术后并发症发生率。结果:观察组引流成功率高于对照组,手术时间、脓毒症好转时间、住院时间、术后复发脓毒症率和并发症总发生率均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组肾功能、肾积水程度及炎症水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在输尿管结石引起脓毒症患者应用经皮肾穿刺微造瘘引流术,可改善患者肾功能并降低炎症因子水平,有助于患者后续恢复。

预防肾造瘘管留置患者尿源性脓毒血症的证据总结

目的检索、评价和整合预防肾造瘘管留置患者尿源性脓毒血症的证据。方法按照“6S”证据金字塔模型检索相关文献,检索时间为建库至2023年8月。由2名小组成员独立对各类文献进行质量评价。对符合标准的文献进行资料提取,并对各项证据进行分级。结果最终纳入文献11篇,包括证据总结1篇、指南4篇、系统评价2篇、专家共识4篇,共总结了18条预防肾造瘘管留置患者尿源性脓毒血症的证据,包括留置时机评估、肾造瘘管选择、留置时间、并发症预防及护理和拔管时机共5个主题。结论本研究总结了预防肾造瘘管留置患者尿源性脓毒血症的证据,可为临床医护人员提供相关护理循证依据,并为科学护理肾造瘘管提供参考。

尿路梗阻后自发性肾周尿外渗23例分析

目的探讨尿路梗阻后自发性肾周尿外渗的临床表现和诊治经验,提高对该疾病的认识。方法回顾性分析2018年—2020年长江大学附属第一医院收治的23例尿路梗阻后自发性肾周尿外渗患者的临床资料,对其原发疾病、临床表现、影像学检查、治疗方法及预后进行分析,总结尿路梗阻后自发性肾周尿外渗的诊治要点。结果23例尿路梗阻后自发性肾周尿外渗患者中男性15例、女性8例,平均年龄43.4岁,均通过B超、计算机断层扫描尿路造影、计算机断层扫描等影像学检查确诊。3例输尿管结石患者直接行输尿管镜碎石术,4例患者先行输尿管逆行置管、13例患者先行经皮肾穿刺造瘘术,之后均根据病情行二期手术治疗。3例肿瘤转移患者均首选输尿管逆行置管,2例成功,1例失败改行B超定位下肾穿刺造瘘引流术。结论尿路梗阻后自发性肾周尿外渗行尿路造影检查可明确诊断,可先采用输尿管逆行置管或经皮肾穿刺造瘘再行二期手术治疗尿路梗阻原发病。

宽筋散热熨治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折经皮椎体成形术后残留腰背痛的疗效

目的:观察并分析宽筋散热熨治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(OVCF)经皮椎体成形术(PVP)后残留腰背痛的临床疗效。方法:纳入2021年3月—2023年8月在我院就诊的PVP术后仍然残留有腰背痛的OVCF患者80例,按照随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,每组均40例。对照组口服碳酸钙D3片与阿法骨化醇片,治疗组在对照组基础上加用宽筋散热熨治疗,两组疗程均为4周。观察两组治疗前后视觉模拟疼痛(VAS)评分、腰椎日本骨科协会评估(JOA)评分、血液流变学指标(全血低切黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞聚集指数)、骨密度(左侧股骨颈、左侧桡骨远端)、骨代谢指标[骨钙素(BGP)、Ⅰ型胶原氨基端延长肽(PINP)、β-胶原特殊序列(β-CTX)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶-5b(TRAP-5b)]水平变化,同时进行临床疗效和安全性评价。结果:治疗后,两组较治疗前的VAS评分、全血低切黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞聚集指数、β-CTX及TRAP-5b水平均明显降低(P<0.05);而腰椎JOA评分、骨密度(BMD)、BGP及PINP水平均明显升高(P<0.05)。治疗后,治疗组VAS评分、腰椎JOA评分、血液流变学指标、BMD及骨代谢指标水平均优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组、观察组总优良率分别为85.00%、52.50%,治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组均未发生胃肠道反应、过敏、头晕及皮肤烫伤等不良反应。结论:宽筋散热熨治疗OVCF患者PVP术后残留腰背痛的临床疗效良好,可显著改善临床症状、血液流变学指标、BMD及骨代谢相关指标水平。

经皮肾造瘘术在合并血小板减少的尿源性脓毒血症治疗中的应用

目的 研究经皮肾造瘘术在合并血小板减少的梗阻性尿源性脓毒血症治疗中的安全性和有效性。方法 2017年10月~2021年5月我院收治的合并血小板减少的尿源性脓毒血症病人116例,合并肾功能指标异常者23例(血肌酐>500 mmol/L)。术前行泌尿系CT或超声等检查明确肾积水。依据术前血常规中血小板的数量分为研究组(血小板<50×10^(9)/L)和对照组(血小板≥50×10^(9)/L)。两组病人均在超声引导下进行经皮肾造瘘术。观察两组手术成功率、体温、血常规白细胞计数及降钙素原恢复正常的时间、术后大出血、休克、副损伤出现情况。结果 研究组病人的术前发热时间为(6.9±2.2)天、血小板计数为(35±10.2)×10^(9)/L、术前降钙素原(PCT)为(36±6.2)ng/ml、血肌酐升高占比30%,对照组分别为(4.2±2.0)天、(115±58.9)×10^(9)/L、(20±2.6)ng/ml和12%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组和对照组PCT恢复时间分别为(6.9±2.8)天、(4.8±1.5)天;体温正常恢复时间分别为(36.2±3.5)小时、(28.5±2.3)小时;白细胞计数恢复时间分别为(5.3±1.2)天、(3.2±2.5)天;血小板恢复时间分别为(6.0±2.3)天、(3.5±2.0)天,两组比较,差异有统计学意义。两组手术成功率、术后副损伤、大出血、休克等并发症比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 经皮肾造瘘治疗合并血小板减少的尿源性脓毒血症有效、安全。

外引流方式在输尿管结石合并尿脓毒血症治疗中的应用效果

目的:分析外引流方式在输尿管结石合并尿脓毒血症治疗中的应用效果。方法:选取2020年10月—2022年5月钦州市第一人民医院收治的输尿管结石合并尿脓毒血症患者64例作为研究对象,随机分为两组,各32例。对照组行输尿管镜双J管置入术,观察组行超声引导下经皮肾穿刺造瘘术。比较两组治疗效果。结果:观察组尿毒症控制时间、住院时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组引流成功率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术前,两组降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、嗜中性粒细胞(NEUR)、白细胞(WBC)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后2 d,两组PCT、CRP、NEUR、WBC水平低于术前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.021)。结论:对于输尿管结石合并尿脓毒血症患者,内、外引流方式的引流成功率均较高,但外引流方式能够更好地控制感染情况,减少并发症,促进患者恢复。

超声引导下经皮肾穿刺微造瘘在腹腔镜肾切除术治疗巨大肾积水中的应用

目的:探讨超声引导下经皮肾穿刺微造瘘在腹腔镜肾切除术治疗巨大肾积水中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析因巨大肾积水行腹腔镜肾切除术的49例患者资料,男27例,女22例;左肾26例,右肾23例。所有患者术前均行泌尿系超声、静脉尿路造影、泌尿系CT等检查明确诊断为巨大肾积水。术前均应用一次性中心静脉导管在超声引导下行经皮肾穿刺微造瘘术,术前行引流液相关检测。49例均判断为患肾无功能或患肾为脓肾而行腹腔镜肾切除术。手术方式包括经阴道自然腔道内镜手术肾切除术、耻骨上辅助单孔腹腔镜肾切除术和后腹腔镜肾切除术,记录手术时间、术中失血量、术后24 h视觉模拟疼痛评分、下床活动时间、拔除引流管时间、切口拆线时间、术后住院时间等。结果:49例均顺利完成超声引导下经皮肾穿刺微造瘘术,引流1周后,中位肾小球滤过率为9.42(7.03~18.77) mL·min^(-1),中位引流液pH值7.3(6.5~8.5),中位引流液比重1.012(1.003~1.034),中位肾实质厚度为5(2~10) mm,均未发生穿刺通道出血、肾脏出血及其他副损伤等穿刺相关并发症。所有腹腔镜肾切除术均顺利完成,无中转开放手术,无增加工作通道。中位手术时间120(75~138) min,术中中位估计失血量90(60~210) mL。均未输血,术中无副损伤,术后24 h中位视觉模拟疼痛评分2(1~3)分,术后第1 d下床活动,术后第3~4 d拔除引流管,术后第7~8 d切口拆线,中位术后住院时间5(4~8) d。患者术后恢复顺利,切口愈合良好,术后复查肾功能与术前无显著变化。所有标本病理检查与术前诊断相符合。所有患者术后均获随访,中位随访时间9(8~12)月,均恢复良好。结论:巨大肾积水患者于腹腔镜肾切除术前行超声引导下经皮肾穿刺微造瘘术,能够客观、准确地评价患肾功能,减少手术并发症,降低手术难度,缩短手术时间。

血清视黄醇结合蛋白4、胱抑素C在肾结石术后尿路感染中表达及临床意义

目的探究血清视黄醇结合蛋白4(RBP4)、胱抑素C(CysC)在肾结石术后尿路感染中表达及临床意义。方法选取2019年7月至2021年6月德阳市第二人民医院泌尿外科因肾结石行手术的157例病人为研究对象,根据术后是否发生尿路感染分为感染组(81例)与非感染组(76例);检测感染组病人尿液中病原菌种类;比较两组血清中RBP4、CysC水平,并分析影响术后尿路感染发生的相关因素。结果81例肾结石术后尿路感染病人的尿液标本中检测出79株病原菌,其中67.09%为革兰阴性菌,29.11%为革兰阳性菌,真菌仅占3.80%;感染组血清RBP4(17.29±4.73)mg/L、CysC(1.58±0.33)mg/L水平高于未感染组RBP4(11.74±2.01)mg/L、CysC(1.19±0.14)mg/L水平(P<0.05);感染组血清RBP4与CysC水平呈正相关(r=0.80,P<0.001);术前留置输尿管支架管、手术时间≥60 min、术前无抗生素使用、术后输尿管导管留置时长≥7 d以及RBP4、CysC是影响尿路感染发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论血清RBP4、CysC在肾结石术后发生尿路感染病人血清中高表达,血清RBP4与CysC水平呈正相关,RBP4、CysC水平变化均与术后发生尿路感染有关。

两种术式在缓解恶性输尿管梗阻疗效中的对比研究

目的:探讨恶性输尿管梗阻(malignant ureteral obstruction,MUO)现有的临床治疗方案和经验,讨论恶性输尿管梗阻时使用经皮肾脏穿刺引流(percutaneous nephrostomy,PN)或输尿管支架置入术(ureteral stenting,US)的临床适用范围,明确2种术式在缓解恶性输尿管梗阻时肾功能损伤的有效性。方法:回顾性纳入重庆医科大学附属第一医院泌尿外科2021年1月至2023年5月诊断为恶性输尿管梗阻的患者,严格筛选纳入及排除标准后共有76例患者入组并随机分为PN组(n=22)与US组(n=54),对患者基本特征及围术期、术后半年随访数据进行病例对照研究以反映肾功能在2组中的差异,采用SPSS 21.0版本对数据进行处理分析。结果:2组患者在性别(P=0.017)、手术侧肾积水程度(P=0.000)的比较,差异有统计学意义。2组患者术前3 d比较尿素氮(P=0.002)、血肌酐(P=0.003),术后1 d尿素氮(P=0.017)、血肌酐(P=0.005),差异有统计学意义。术后3 d与术后6个月2组患者在肾功能比较中差异均无统计学意义。结论:恶性输尿管梗阻以宫颈癌多发,其次为位膀胱癌、结直肠癌等。US可选择梗阻或积水较轻、慢性输尿管梗阻、肾功能损伤较轻的患者,可作为缓解输尿管梗阻的首选治疗方案。PN临床常对中至重度肾积水、肾功能损伤较重或者急性肾功能不全的恶性输尿管梗阻患者进行治疗,可作为US失败的替代方案。

成人重度肾积水肾穿刺造瘘术肾盂引流液蛋白水平与肾功能关系

目的探讨成人重度肾积水经皮肾穿刺造瘘术(percutaneous nephrostomy,PCN)留取肾盂引流液中微量白蛋白(mAlb)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、α1微球蛋白(α1-MG)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)的改变及其临床意义。方法2020年9月~2022年3月,肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)≤10 ml/min的成人单侧重度肾积水病人33例,均行PCN治疗,收集治疗前后的临床资料,包括术前及术后1个月患肾GFR、PCN术中及术后1个月引流液中生化指标,以及术后1个月患肾GFR恢复情况。将33例病人分为肾功能改善组(18例)和肾功能未改善组(15例),分析两组病人引流液中mAlb、TRF、IgG、α1-MG、β2-MG含量在术中、术后的差异,以及与患肾GFR的相关性。结果PCN后1个月,肾功能改善组mAlb、TRF、IgG、α1-MG、β2-MG含量较术中降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后GFR高于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组间术中α1-MG、β2-MG含量及术前、术后GFR比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PCN留取的肾盂引流液中α1-MG、β2-MG、mAlb、IgG、TRF与GFR存在负相关,r值分别为-0.86、-0.83、-0.75、-0.79、-0.72。结论重度肾积水导致受损的肾脏通过PCN引流后,肾功能得到不同程度的恢复。PCN能改善成人重度肾积水肾小球滤过功能,恢复肾小管的重吸收功能。肾盂引流液中mAlb、TRF、IgG、α1-MG、β2-MG含量与ECT测得的GFR有很好的相关性,其中α1-MG、β2-MG可作为评估肾小管功能恢复的敏感指标。通过测定PCN肾盂引流液测定蛋白含量,评估肾功能改善情况,减少非必要的影像学检查,节约医疗费用。