Molluscicidal Activity of Nerium indicum Mill,Pterocarya stenoptera DC,and Rumex japonicum Houtt on Oncomelania hupensis

Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal activities of three Chinese plants N. indicum Mill, P. stenoptera DC, and R. japonicum Houtt, and to clarify the molluscicidal mechanism. Methods N-butanol extracts and water extracts of the three plants were obtained. The reactions of EST isozyme, glycogen and total protein of snails to the plant extracts were studied. Results EST electrophoresis showed that EST was an important antidotal enzyme system and reacted strongly to environment EST changed greatly during the whole exposure period so that it could be viewed as a pathological index of toxicity. Extracts decreased the glycogen content of the snails＇ soft tissues greatly, and also the protein content. ConcIusion All extracts show strong molluscicidal activity. The LD50 value of the water extract of N. indicum Mill is as low as 13.2 mg/L. EST can be viewed as a pathological index of toxicity. The energy metabolism abnormity is the key reason fnr the molluscicidal activities. The biochemical mechanism needs further research.

Genome-wide identification,characterization and functional prediction of the SRS gene family in sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)

Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)is an ancient oilseed crop of the Pedaliaceae family with high oil content and potential health benefits.SHI RELATED SEQUENCE(SRS)proteins are the transcription factors(TFs)specific to plants that contain RING-like zinc finger domain and are associated with the regulation of several physiological and biochemical processes.They also play vital roles in plant growth and development such as root formation,leaf development,floral development,hormone biosynthesis,signal transduction,and biotic and abiotic stress responses.Nevertheless,the SRS gene family was not reported in sesame yet.In this study,identification,molecular characterization,phylogenetic relationship,cis-acting regulatory elements,protein-protein interaction,syntenic relationship,duplication events and expression pattern of SRS genes were analyzed in S.indicum.We identified total six SiSRS genes on seven different linkage groups in the S.indicum genome by comparing with the other species,including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.The SiSRS genes showed variation in their structure like2–5 exons and 1–4 introns.Like other species,SiSRS proteins also contained‘RING-like zinc finger'and‘LRP1'domains.Then,the SiSRS genes were clustered into subclasses via phylogenetic analysis with proteins of S.indicum,A.thaliana,and some other plant species.The cis-acting regulatory elements analysis revealed that the promoter region of SiSRS4(SIN_1011561)showed the highest 13 and 16 elements for light-and phytohormone-responses whereas,SiSRS1(SIN_1015187)showed the highest 15 elements for stress-response.The ABREs,or ABA-responsive elements,were found in a maximum of 8 copies in the SiSRS3(SIN 1009100).Moreover,the available RNA-seq based expression of SiSRS genes revealed variation in expression patterns between stress-treated and non-treated samples,especially in drought and salinity conditions in.S.indicum.Two SiSRS genes like SiSRS1(SIN_1015187)and SiSRS5(SIN_1021065),also exhibited variable expression patterns between control vs PEG-treated sesame root samples and three SiSRS genes,including SiSRS1(SIN_1015187),SiSRS2(SIN_1003328)and SiSRS5(SIN_1021065)were responsive to salinity treatments.The present outcomes will encourage more research into the gene expression and functionality analysis of SiSRS genes in S.indicum and other related species.

Production and achievements of Sesamum indicum industry in the world:Past and current state

Sesame production is important in agriculture,food industry,and the crop diversity due to its rich nutritional profile and health benefits.Despite its significant value,sesame is still an orphan crop that has received little scientific attention,resulting in low yield compared to other major oilseed crops.This review offers a comprehensive overview of the present state of production,knowledge,and research advancements concerning Sesamum indicum on a global scale.The FAOSTAT database was extensively used to examine the global trends from 1961 to 2021.In the past 60 years,global sesame production has substantially increased,with Asia and Africa being the primary producers.The integration of omics technologies and biotechnological interventions has revolutionized our understanding of the genetic basis of sesame,enhanced productivity,invigorated stress resilience,and improved seed quality.High-throughput sequencing methods such as RNA-seq,RAD-seq,SLAF-seq,and GBS technology are used in various studies,linkage mapping,and identification of trait-associated markers.Fine linkage maps,and multi-omics studies such as genomics,proteomics,transcriptomics,and metabolomics have been employed in sesame research for gene and QTL mapping.Proteins and metabolic pathways related to oil content,yield,and stress tolerance were reported.Genes and QTLs related to yield and its components,drought,salt,and osmotic stress tolerance were discovered.Candidate genes associated with capsule shattering and seed shattering were recently revealed.For more achievement in sesame,it is important to enhance sesame production efficiency through mechanization,advanced agricultural practices,and knowledge dissemination to farmers.MAS and multi-omics integration should be particularly reinforced.The advancements in sesame production present a significant and promising opportunity for farmers,governments,and stakeholders in the agricultural sector.

Reaction of Oncomelania Hupensis to the Allelopathic Triterpene Sapogenin from Nerium Indicum

This paper has analyzed allelopathic effects ofNerium indicum on Oncomelania hupensis through triterpene sapogenins, a potential molluscicide. The snails were treated under six various concentrations （0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 mg/L） of triterpene sapogenins and five periods （1, 2, 3, 4, 5 days）. The mortality of snails was positively correlated with the concentration of triterpene sapogenins and exposure time. The results ofprobit analysis showed that the LD50 （Lethal Dose, 50%） oftriterpenoid saponins from N. indicum by immersion for 2, 3, 4, 5 days were 78.31, 30.26, 20.50, 14.19 mg/L, respectively. And the corresponding 95% confidence intervals were 63.60-108.19, 9.49-44.42, 2.86-30.90, 0.23-22.79 mg/L, respectively. The observations of both scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope proved that 40 mg/L triterpene sapogenins could cause apparent damage to the structure of soft tissue, liver and intestine of O. hupensis. The esterase （EST） isozyme electrophoresis in liver of O. hupensis treated by 40 mg/L of the concentrations lixivium of the triterpene sapogenins from N. indicum was analyzed for 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 h, respectively. The activity of enzyme was higher than control water group after been treated up to 24-48 h, and then lowered and disappeared after 72 h. It was implicated that the extracted triterpene sapogenin from N. indicum were promising for controlling the snail, which were also providing the foundation for constructing plant community of oleander to control O. hupensis.

Insecticidal Effect of Water Extract of Oleander (Nerium indicum) against the Larvae of Enmonodia vespertilio Fabriciu

[Objective] The paper was to study the insecticidal effect of water extract of oleander （Nerium indicum） against the larvae of Enmonodia vespertilio Fabriciu. [Method] Through feeding experiment on the larvae of E. vespertilio, the insecticidal effect of water extract of oleander against the larvae was studied. [Result] The 1/20-1/200 times water extract of dry leaf weight of oleander had better insecticidal effect against the larvae of E. vespertilio, and the feeding mortality rate reached 100%. [Conclusion] The paper provided reference for development of new botanical pesticides with high efficiency, environmental protection and low carbon.

Reduction in Fertility by Nerium indicum Leaves Extract in Adults of Red Flour Beetle, Tribofium castaneum （Coleoptera： Tenebrionidae） Compared with Coopex （Bioallethrin： Permethrin）

Recent trend for the control of insect pests has been towards the use of substances of plant origin. Reductionin fertility was determined in red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum （Herbst.） by Nerium indicum Millleaves extract compared with coopex applied by contact method under laboratory condition. When adults were placed on filter paper treated With 7.86, 9.43, 11.01, 12.58 and 14.15 μL/cm2 doses of N. indicum leaves extract, fertility was 154 ± 15.2, 139 ± 15.0, 126 ± 6.0, 89 ± 12.2 and 72 ± 13.6 larvae/pair, compared with untreated and controls fertility （233 ± 16.0 and 190 ± 15.1 larvae/pair, respectively）. However, the reduction in fertility was 33.2 ± 6.4%, 39.7 ± 3.7%, 45.7 ± 2.9%, 58.0 ± 4.4% and 66.3 ± 5.1% by the same doses ofN. indicum extract. Moreover, adults treated with the same doses of coopex with the same method, fertility was 160 ± 14.6, 154 ± 9.3, 140 ± 11.2, 113 ± 7.5 and 71 ±- 4.8 larvae/pair, compared with controls fertility （211 ± 8.5 larvae/pair）, respectively. Furthermore, reduction in fertility was 24.3 ± 5.2%, 30.2 ± 6.4%, 37.2 ± 8.0%, 51.3 ± 1.4% and 58.8 ± 4.7% by the same doses of coopex. Minimum fertility was found in August and maximum was in July in both, N. indicum extract and coopex treated batches. The trend of reduction in fertility was the same in both N. indicum leaves extract and coopex, i.e., it was increased gradually from lower to higher doses. Nerium indicum leaves extract reduced fertility significantly compared with coopex.

Antioxidant lignans sesamin and sesamolin in sesame(Sesamum indicum L.):a comprehensive review and future prospects

Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)is a significantly lucrative cash crop for millions of small-holder farmers.Its seeds are an important source of a highly appreciated vegetable oil globally and two clinically essential antioxidant lignans,sesamin and sesamolin.Accordingly,many countries import millions of tons of sesame seed every year.The demand for lignan-rich sesame seeds has been increasing in recent years due to the continuous discovery of several pharmacological attributes of sesamin and sesamolin.To meet this demand,the sesame breeder’s primary objective is to release sesame cultivars that are enriched in oil and lignans.Thus,it is necessary to summarize the information related to the sesamin and sesamolin contents in sesame in order to promote the joint efforts of specialized research teams on this important oilseed crop.In this article,we present the current knowledge on the sesamin and sesamolin contents in S.indicum L.with respect to the updated biosynthesis pathway,associated markers,governing loci,available variability in sesame germplasm,the in planta potential roles of these compounds in sesame,and the newly discovered pharmacological attributes.In addition,we propose and discuss some required studies that might facilitate genomics-assisted breeding of high lignan content sesame varieties.

神农香菊R2R3-MYB转录因子CiMYB4在镉胁迫中的功能分析

为探究CiMYB4在镉胁迫下的功能,以课题组已获得的过表达CiMYB4烟草(CiMYB4-S)、野菊(CiMYB4-OE)和抑制表达野菊(CiMYB4-Ri)为材料,在镉胁迫条件下分别测定其生长相关指标、抗氧化酶活性、光合指标、地上部及根系的镉含量,并对耐镉相关基因PCS1、GSH1、ABCC1、HMA3的表达模式进行分析。研究结果表明:镉处理后,CiMYB4-S和CiMYB4-OE株系的根长、茎粗、株高和叶长、叶宽显著大于野生型对照(WT)株系,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著增强,叶片的光合能力和叶绿素含量显著增加,具有更强的镉富集和转运能力。同时,耐镉相关基因PCS1、GSH1、HMA3的表达水平显著提高;而CiMYB4-Ri株系的株高、地上部干重显著小于WT株系,MDA含量显著增加,SOD、POD、CAT活性显著降低,叶片的光合能力和叶绿素含量显著降低,镉富集和转运能力减弱。同时,耐镉相关基因PCS1、GSH1、HMA3的表达水平显著降低。上述结果表明CiMYB4能提高烟草和野菊对镉的耐受性。

野菊花水提物对RAW264.7炎症细胞模型的抗炎作用及其机制

目的建立以脂多糖(LPS)诱导的RAW 264.7巨噬细胞为模型,探讨野菊花提取液(CID)通过核转录因子(NF-κB)信号通路发挥抗炎活性的作用及其分子机制。方法以噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测不同浓度CID对RAW 264.7巨噬细胞活性的影响以筛选适宜的实验浓度;分别采用Griess法和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定50、100、200μg·mL^(-1) CID干预后各组细胞中一氧化氮(NO)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的释放量;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)分析各组中环氧合酶-2(COX-2)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)mRNA的相对表达水平;免疫印迹实验(WB)观察各组中nuclear factor-kappa B p65(NF-κB p65)、inhibitor kappa B(IκB-α)和磷酸化IκB-α(p-IκB-α)的蛋白表达。结果50~200μg·mL^(-1)的CID可显著降低LPS诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞中NO、TNF-α和IL-6的生成量(P<0.01),并能下调COX-2和iNOX mRNA的相对表达(P<0.01)、下调p-IκB-α、总的NF-κB p65、细胞核NF-κB p65的蛋白相对含量(P<0.01),并上调IκB-α、细胞质NF-κB p65的相对含量(P<0.01)。结论CID可有效降低LPS诱导RAW 264.7巨噬细胞的炎症因子释放,其机制可能与通过减少TNF-α等关键蛋白表达以及通过抑制NF-κB等炎症信号通路激活来抑制炎症发生有关。

New indole derivatives from endophytic fungus Colletotruchum sp. HK-08 originated from leaves of Nerium indicum

Objective: To study secondary metabolites from endophytic fungus Colletotruchum sp. HK-08 originated from the leaves of Nerium indicum.Methods: The compounds were isolated by various column chromatographic techniques, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques [high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy(HRESIMS), one-dimensional(1D) and two-dimensional(2D) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR)], as well as comparison with literature data. The Ellman method was used to determine the acetylcholinesterase(ACh E) inhibitory activity.Results: Four indole derivatives were identified from Colletotruchum sp. HK-08, including 6’-hydroxymonaspiloindole(1), 2-(2-oxoindolin-3-yl)ethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate(2), 2-(2-oxoindolin-3-yl)ethyl 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate(3), and monaspiloindole(4). Compound 4 presented weak ACh E inhibitory activity with IC50value of(69.30 ± 6.27) μmol/L [tacrine as the positive control, with IC50value of(0.61 ± 0.07) μmol/L].Conclusion: Compounds 1–3 were new compounds, and compound 4 had weak ACh E inhibitory activity.

神农香菊CibHLH1的鉴定及对光合特性的影响

bHLH家族是植物中第二大转录因子家族,对植物的生长发育、次生代谢和环境胁迫应答都起着重要的作用。本研究以神农香菊叶片cDNA为模板克隆了CibHLH1的全长序列,该基因全长738 bp,开放阅读框为630 bp。多序列比对分析及系统进化树结果表明,CibHLH1与菊花的CmbHLH1同源性最高。不同组织部位的荧光定量数据显示该基因在花中表达量最高,在根中表达量最低,亚细胞定位结果显示该基因定位在细胞核中。为进一步研究CibHLH1的功能,通过叶盘法将其转化烟草,发现过表达CibHLH1烟草叶片黄化,测定叶绿素含量发现,叶绿素a、叶绿素b及总叶绿素含量均显著降低。测定转基因烟草的光响应曲线及光合生理指标,结果表明过表达CibHLH1降低了烟草的最大净光合速率、表观量子效率、光饱和点和水分利用率,但其蒸腾速率、气孔导度和光补偿点均增加。综上所述,CibHLH1能够通过降低光合色素的含量而影响植物的光合能力。

盐胁迫下野菊离子的吸收转运情况及相关基因的表达

明确抗盐能力不同的野菊(Chrysanthemum indicum)株系在盐胁迫情况下的离子分布运输情况及相关基因的变化规律,从更深层次上认识野菊的抗盐机理。以前期筛选的2个高抗株系(H1、H2)、2个中抗株系(M1、M2)和2个低抗株系(L1、L2)的扦插苗为试验材料,置于含有NaCl(浓度为150 mmol/L)的霍格兰营养液中进行盐胁迫处理。测定6个离子指标(根、茎、叶的钠、钾离子的质量分数),并计算各株系中根、茎、叶钾钠离子质量分数比值(w(K^(+))∶w(Na^(+)))和不同部位离子选择性运输能力(S_((K^(+),Na^(+)))),分析盐胁迫对抗盐能力不同的野菊株系各部位离子质量分数、比例及运输情况的影响。采用生物信息学方法对野菊进行Na^(+)和H^(+)逆向转运蛋白基因(NHX)家族成员和高亲和性钾离子转运蛋白基因(HKT)的鉴定。并利用qRT-PCR技术,测定盐胁迫下抗盐能力不同的野菊株系在根、茎、叶中NHX、HKT基因不同时间点的表达水平。研究结果表明:与对照组相比,野菊各株系根、茎、叶的Na^(+)质量分数显著增加(P<0.05),K^(+)质量分数及w(K^(+))∶w(Na^(+))值均显著降低(P<0.05);多数情况下,野菊高、中抗株系各部位间的S_((K^(+),Na^(+)))值高于对照组。随着株系抗盐能力的降低,根、茎和叶中的Na^(+)质量分数呈持续上升趋势,而K^(+)质量分数及w(K^(+))∶w(Na^(+))值则呈持续下降趋势,各部位间的S_((K^(+),Na^(+)))值均呈现先升高后下降的趋势。共鉴定出6个野菊NHX家族成员(CiNHX1-6),1个野菊HKT基因(CiHKT1)。在盐胁迫后,野菊CiNHX2基因在高抗株系根部的表达上调幅度明显高于低抗株系,而该基因在H1、H2株系根、茎部中有着相同的表达模式。同样,CiNHX4基因在高抗株系根、叶部的相对表达量也大幅上调,该基因在H1、H2株系根、叶部中有着相同的表达模式。CiNHX1、CiNHX3、CiNHX5、CiNHX6在各株系的根、茎、叶中的表达水平并无显著变化,且总体上表达水平较低,其中CiNHX3在根部的表达量略高,CiNHX1、CiNHX6在叶部的表达量略高。野菊CiHKT1基因在根、叶部的表达受盐胁迫的影响较为明显,高抗株系的相对表达量上调幅度明显。野菊抗盐能力越强,其离子吸收、转运、分布情况受盐胁迫影响越小;盐胁迫下高抗株系能有效地外排Na^(+)并选择性地吸收K^(+),稳定体内的离子质量分数与分布;中抗株系受胁迫影响相对较大,但可以通过选择性运输K^(+)来防止Na^(+)的过量对地上部分造成毒害。CiNHX2、CiNHX4、CiHKT1与野菊株系抗盐能力强弱密切相关,是野菊抵御盐胁迫的关键基因。

干燥方法对印度块菌(Tuber indicum)品质的影响

为了解不同干燥方法对印度块菌干后品质及微观结构的影响,本研究采用热风干燥、真空冷冻干燥方法对印度块菌进行处理,以感官品质(色泽、质构)、复水特性、营养成分(还原糖、总蛋白、维生素C、总黄酮)及微观结构为评价指标,评价干燥方法对印度块菌品质的影响,并利用低场核磁共振技术研究干燥处理期间水分的迁移率和分布。结果表明,与热风干燥比,真空冷冻干燥产品L~*高,a~*低,能够较好维持产品色泽,热风干燥产品褐变严重,且真空冷冻干燥产品硬度低,脆性高。真空冷冻干燥产品复水比及复水速率显著高于热风干燥产品(P<0.05),干燥10 min后,冷冻干燥复水比值为3.00,显著高于热风干燥(2.26)(P<0.05),冷冻干燥复水速率(0.30 min^-1)显著高于热风干燥(0.22 min^-1)(P<0.05)。与新鲜样品比,两种干燥产品中总蛋白含量无显著变化,维生素C、还原糖及总黄酮保留量显著降低(P<0.05);与热风干燥产品比,真空冷冻干燥产品维生素C、还原糖及总黄酮保留量显著高于热风干燥产品(P<0.05)。低场核磁共振分析表明,冷冻干燥组T23水分信号强度衰减速率高于热风干燥组,说明真空冷冻干燥效率更高。扫描电镜观察微观结构发现热风干燥产品细胞组织收缩、塌陷且结构很致密,真空冷冻干燥产品呈现多孔结构。综合分析,干燥对印度块菌干制品的营养及品质影响较大,真空冷冻干燥更适合印度块菌产品的干燥加工,本研究为提高印度块菌干制品加工品质提供理论依据。

芝麻（Sesamum indicum L．）根系的解剖结构与耐涝强度的相关性研究

本文用常规石蜡切片法观察了耐涝芝麻品种根系与怕涝芝麻品种根系解剖结构的区别。用改良的丹尼管法测量了芝麻茎叶部分向根系输送氧气的数量，探讨了芝麻的抗涝机理。研究结果证明：耐涝芝麻品种根系具有皮层厚。皮层细胞呈柱状排列，皮层细胞间隙大等结构特征。当根系渍水时，耐涝芝麻品种的茎叶能向根系输送较多氧气，在一定程度上缓解了根系缺氧的状况。

烟盲蝽用芝麻饲养的效果及捕食能力评估

烟盲蝽Nesidiocoris tenuis是一种杂食性天敌昆虫。本研究通过比较芝麻饲养和补充烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci猎物饲养烟盲蝽的生物学特征,评估了用芝麻人工饲养烟盲蝽的饲养效果和该种群对自然猎物的捕食能力。结果显示,用芝麻饲养的烟盲蝽若虫发育历期较长,成虫后足胫节长度较小。然而,烟盲蝽的雌性比例、存活率、成虫生殖力以及对烟粉虱和烟蚜的捕食量没有显著差异。两个种群连续繁殖10代时,芝麻饲养的烟盲蝽种群的内禀增长率为0.2152,与补充猎物饲养的烟盲蝽种群的内禀增长率0.2398相近。以上结果表明,仅用芝麻提供营养可以进行烟盲蝽的人工饲养,并且这种方法为烟盲蝽的规模化饲养和基于芝麻种植的田间饲养模式的建立提供了参考依据。

基于肠道菌群-LPS/TLR4通路探讨野菊花提取物对“过食膏粱厚味”致高尿酸血症大鼠的作用

[目的]研究野菊花提取物(Chrysanthemi Indici Flos extract,CYM.E)对“过食膏粱厚味”致高尿酸血症(hyperuricemia,HUA)大鼠的治疗作用及机制。[方法]将64只大鼠随机分为正常对照组,模型对照组,别嘌醇10 mg·kg^(-1)组,苯溴马隆5 mg·kg^(-1)组,CYM.E15、30、60、90 mg·kg^(-1)组,每组8只。除正常对照组外,其余各组均灌胃脂肪乳剂,建立拟人“过食膏粱厚味”致HUA大鼠模型。实验期间测定血清尿酸(uric acid,UA)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-c)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-c)水平;酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法测定血清白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和血浆脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)水平;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,qRT-PCR)法测定小肠中TNF-α、Toll样受体4(Toll like receptor 4,TLR4)的mRNA表达;免疫印迹法检测小肠中TLR4蛋白表达;应用16S rDNA测序技术,对肠道菌群进行操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units,OTU)分类,选择合适的OTU进行结构分析、LEfSe差异贡献分析等。[结果]CYM.E能显著降低模型大鼠血清UA、TC、LDL-c、IL-6和TNF-α水平;显著降低血浆LPS水平;同时显著下调小肠组织TNF-αmRNA、TLR4 mRNA表达和TLR4蛋白表达,改善肠道的微炎症状态;增加乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌的丰度与种类,降低拟杆菌、大肠杆菌的丰度与种类。[结论]CYM.E具有降低血清UA水平、调节血脂、减低炎症损伤、减少LPS释放等作用,可能通过调节肠道微生态发挥作用。

基于CiteSpace的国内近30年野菊文献计量可视化分析

系统梳理野菊研究进展,明确野菊各领域研究现状和发展态势。以中国知网CNKI数据库收录的1994~2023年发表的野菊相关中文期刊文献为数据样本,结合CiteSpace软件,对文献年发表数量、所属学科、发表期刊、资金支持、研究作者和机构合作网络、关键词等进行动态、可视化分析。研究结果表明,近30年我国野菊研究经历了快速发展期和衰退期两个时期,对应的研究热点分别为临床应用和质量评价。高被引文献主要与野菊药理活性和进化育种相关,研究经费主要来自国家自然科学基金。发文机构和期刊主要集中于医药类和农学类,南京农业大学为主要研究机构,华润三九医药股份有限公司为研究最活跃的单位,发文量最多的作者是陈发棣,其次是郭巧生和韩正洲。

不同产地印度块菌中营养成分分析

为评价国内不同产地印度块菌的营养价值,该研究以云南昆明、云南保山、辽宁大连3个产地的新鲜印度块菌作为样品,依据相关食品安全国家标准对其一般营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物元素的含量进行检测分析,同时对5种重金属含量及200多种农药残留成分进行检测和安全性评价。结果表明:一般营养成分方面,昆明印度块菌的脂肪含量较高,保山印度块菌的膳食纤维含量较高,大连印度块菌的灰分、蛋白质、粗多糖含量均高于昆明和保山。3个产地的印度块菌中均检出16种氨基酸,脂肪酸组成中不饱和脂肪酸显著高于饱和脂肪酸含量,矿物元素含量丰富,常量元素含量较高的依次为钾、磷、钙,微量元素含量较高的依次为铜、铁、锌。不同产地的印度块菌营养成分差异显著,整体上大连产地的印度块菌营养成分高于云南产地。

不同包装方式对印度块菌品质和抗氧化酶活性的影响

以新鲜印度块菌为材料,探究采用不同气调包装对块菌品质和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,与普通包装(CK)相比,采用聚乙烯气调袋充入50%N_(2)+50%CO_(2)(T3)包装下印度块菌失重率显著降低,硬度显著升高,0~8 d时,呼吸强度显著降低,8~17 d时,呼吸强度缓慢降低。另外,在贮藏第17 d时,与CK相比,T3组印度块菌可溶性蛋白、多糖含量和SOD、CAT、POD活性分别提高了69.54%、67.21%和151.86%、130.89%、165.67%,而MDA含量显著降低了68.38%。相关性分析表明,印度块菌品质(可溶性蛋白、多糖)与抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT、POD)活性呈显著正相关,与MDA含量呈显著负相关。综上可知,采用聚乙烯气调袋充入50%N_(2)+50%CO_(2)包装有效保持了新鲜印度块菌品质,延长了货架期,具有较好的应用前景。

芝麻苗期干旱生理生化指标响应特征及其基因表达分析

为建立芝麻抗旱性快速鉴定体系及筛选芝麻抗旱品种,采用盆栽反复干旱法,设置正常水分(CK)和干旱胁迫(DS)两种处理,对31份芝麻材料进行生理生化指标测定和综合评价,同时利用qRT-PCR检测SOD合成相关基因的表达量。结果表明:芝麻苗期■、可溶性糖(SS)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性与CK相比均显著上升,各指标综合抗旱系数和抗旱指数的变异系数最高的分别是SOD(98.64%)和■(154.01%);抗旱指数与■含量、SOD活性呈极显著正相关关系,这两个指标可作为芝麻苗期抗旱性鉴定的重要指标。聚类分析将31份芝麻材料划分为5类抗旱类型,分别为高抗型、中抗型、低抗型、低感型和高感型。利用综合评价方法,筛选出高抗材料2份(‘汾芝10号’和‘豫-11-1’),中抗旱材料4份,低抗旱材料9份,敏感材料10份,高感材料5份;筛选出■含量和SOD活性可作为芝麻种质资源苗期抗旱特性快速鉴定的指标。