Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal activities of three Chinese plants N. indicum Mill, P. stenoptera DC, and R. japonicum Houtt, and to clarify the molluscicidal mechanism. Methods N-butanol extracts and water ex...Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal activities of three Chinese plants N. indicum Mill, P. stenoptera DC, and R. japonicum Houtt, and to clarify the molluscicidal mechanism. Methods N-butanol extracts and water extracts of the three plants were obtained. The reactions of EST isozyme, glycogen and total protein of snails to the plant extracts were studied. Results EST electrophoresis showed that EST was an important antidotal enzyme system and reacted strongly to environment EST changed greatly during the whole exposure period so that it could be viewed as a pathological index of toxicity. Extracts decreased the glycogen content of the snails＇ soft tissues greatly, and also the protein content. ConcIusion All extracts show strong molluscicidal activity. The LD50 value of the water extract of N. indicum Mill is as low as 13.2 mg/L. EST can be viewed as a pathological index of toxicity. The energy metabolism abnormity is the key reason fnr the molluscicidal activities. The biochemical mechanism needs further research.展开更多
This paper has analyzed allelopathic effects ofNerium indicum on Oncomelania hupensis through triterpene sapogenins, a potential molluscicide. The snails were treated under six various concentrations （0, 20, 40, 60, ...This paper has analyzed allelopathic effects ofNerium indicum on Oncomelania hupensis through triterpene sapogenins, a potential molluscicide. The snails were treated under six various concentrations （0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 mg/L） of triterpene sapogenins and five periods （1, 2, 3, 4, 5 days）. The mortality of snails was positively correlated with the concentration of triterpene sapogenins and exposure time. The results ofprobit analysis showed that the LD50 （Lethal Dose, 50%） oftriterpenoid saponins from N. indicum by immersion for 2, 3, 4, 5 days were 78.31, 30.26, 20.50, 14.19 mg/L, respectively. And the corresponding 95% confidence intervals were 63.60-108.19, 9.49-44.42, 2.86-30.90, 0.23-22.79 mg/L, respectively. The observations of both scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope proved that 40 mg/L triterpene sapogenins could cause apparent damage to the structure of soft tissue, liver and intestine of O. hupensis. The esterase （EST） isozyme electrophoresis in liver of O. hupensis treated by 40 mg/L of the concentrations lixivium of the triterpene sapogenins from N. indicum was analyzed for 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 h, respectively. The activity of enzyme was higher than control water group after been treated up to 24-48 h, and then lowered and disappeared after 72 h. It was implicated that the extracted triterpene sapogenin from N. indicum were promising for controlling the snail, which were also providing the foundation for constructing plant community of oleander to control O. hupensis.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to study the insecticidal effect of water extract of oleander （Nerium indicum） against the larvae of Enmonodia vespertilio Fabriciu. [Method] Through feeding experiment on the larvae of E. ...[Objective] The paper was to study the insecticidal effect of water extract of oleander （Nerium indicum） against the larvae of Enmonodia vespertilio Fabriciu. [Method] Through feeding experiment on the larvae of E. vespertilio, the insecticidal effect of water extract of oleander against the larvae was studied. [Result] The 1/20-1/200 times water extract of dry leaf weight of oleander had better insecticidal effect against the larvae of E. vespertilio, and the feeding mortality rate reached 100%. [Conclusion] The paper provided reference for development of new botanical pesticides with high efficiency, environmental protection and low carbon.展开更多
Recent trend for the control of insect pests has been towards the use of substances of plant origin. Reductionin fertility was determined in red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum （Herbst.） by Nerium indicum Millleav...Recent trend for the control of insect pests has been towards the use of substances of plant origin. Reductionin fertility was determined in red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum （Herbst.） by Nerium indicum Millleaves extract compared with coopex applied by contact method under laboratory condition. When adults were placed on filter paper treated With 7.86, 9.43, 11.01, 12.58 and 14.15 μL/cm2 doses of N. indicum leaves extract, fertility was 154 ± 15.2, 139 ± 15.0, 126 ± 6.0, 89 ± 12.2 and 72 ± 13.6 larvae/pair, compared with untreated and controls fertility （233 ± 16.0 and 190 ± 15.1 larvae/pair, respectively）. However, the reduction in fertility was 33.2 ± 6.4%, 39.7 ± 3.7%, 45.7 ± 2.9%, 58.0 ± 4.4% and 66.3 ± 5.1% by the same doses ofN. indicum extract. Moreover, adults treated with the same doses of coopex with the same method, fertility was 160 ± 14.6, 154 ± 9.3, 140 ± 11.2, 113 ± 7.5 and 71 ±- 4.8 larvae/pair, compared with controls fertility （211 ± 8.5 larvae/pair）, respectively. Furthermore, reduction in fertility was 24.3 ± 5.2%, 30.2 ± 6.4%, 37.2 ± 8.0%, 51.3 ± 1.4% and 58.8 ± 4.7% by the same doses of coopex. Minimum fertility was found in August and maximum was in July in both, N. indicum extract and coopex treated batches. The trend of reduction in fertility was the same in both N. indicum leaves extract and coopex, i.e., it was increased gradually from lower to higher doses. Nerium indicum leaves extract reduced fertility significantly compared with coopex.展开更多
Objective: To study secondary metabolites from endophytic fungus Colletotruchum sp. HK-08 originated from the leaves of Nerium indicum.Methods: The compounds were isolated by various column chromatographic techniques,...Objective: To study secondary metabolites from endophytic fungus Colletotruchum sp. HK-08 originated from the leaves of Nerium indicum.Methods: The compounds were isolated by various column chromatographic techniques, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques [high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy(HRESIMS), one-dimensional(1D) and two-dimensional(2D) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR)], as well as comparison with literature data. The Ellman method was used to determine the acetylcholinesterase(ACh E) inhibitory activity.Results: Four indole derivatives were identified from Colletotruchum sp. HK-08, including 6’-hydroxymonaspiloindole(1), 2-(2-oxoindolin-3-yl)ethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate(2), 2-(2-oxoindolin-3-yl)ethyl 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate(3), and monaspiloindole(4). Compound 4 presented weak ACh E inhibitory activity with IC50value of(69.30 ± 6.27) μmol/L [tacrine as the positive control, with IC50value of(0.61 ± 0.07) μmol/L].Conclusion: Compounds 1–3 were new compounds, and compound 4 had weak ACh E inhibitory activity.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30471506).
文摘Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal activities of three Chinese plants N. indicum Mill, P. stenoptera DC, and R. japonicum Houtt, and to clarify the molluscicidal mechanism. Methods N-butanol extracts and water extracts of the three plants were obtained. The reactions of EST isozyme, glycogen and total protein of snails to the plant extracts were studied. Results EST electrophoresis showed that EST was an important antidotal enzyme system and reacted strongly to environment EST changed greatly during the whole exposure period so that it could be viewed as a pathological index of toxicity. Extracts decreased the glycogen content of the snails＇ soft tissues greatly, and also the protein content. ConcIusion All extracts show strong molluscicidal activity. The LD50 value of the water extract of N. indicum Mill is as low as 13.2 mg/L. EST can be viewed as a pathological index of toxicity. The energy metabolism abnormity is the key reason fnr the molluscicidal activities. The biochemical mechanism needs further research.
基金Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China （grant No. 30471506, 30570322, 39670654, 30671818） and the Science and Technology Foundation of Forest （No. 2006BAD03AI 5） for providing funds to the research.
文摘This paper has analyzed allelopathic effects ofNerium indicum on Oncomelania hupensis through triterpene sapogenins, a potential molluscicide. The snails were treated under six various concentrations （0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 mg/L） of triterpene sapogenins and five periods （1, 2, 3, 4, 5 days）. The mortality of snails was positively correlated with the concentration of triterpene sapogenins and exposure time. The results ofprobit analysis showed that the LD50 （Lethal Dose, 50%） oftriterpenoid saponins from N. indicum by immersion for 2, 3, 4, 5 days were 78.31, 30.26, 20.50, 14.19 mg/L, respectively. And the corresponding 95% confidence intervals were 63.60-108.19, 9.49-44.42, 2.86-30.90, 0.23-22.79 mg/L, respectively. The observations of both scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope proved that 40 mg/L triterpene sapogenins could cause apparent damage to the structure of soft tissue, liver and intestine of O. hupensis. The esterase （EST） isozyme electrophoresis in liver of O. hupensis treated by 40 mg/L of the concentrations lixivium of the triterpene sapogenins from N. indicum was analyzed for 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 h, respectively. The activity of enzyme was higher than control water group after been treated up to 24-48 h, and then lowered and disappeared after 72 h. It was implicated that the extracted triterpene sapogenin from N. indicum were promising for controlling the snail, which were also providing the foundation for constructing plant community of oleander to control O. hupensis.
基金Supported by Innovation Experiment Program of Jiangsu Provincial College Students(5731506510)
文摘[Objective] The paper was to study the insecticidal effect of water extract of oleander （Nerium indicum） against the larvae of Enmonodia vespertilio Fabriciu. [Method] Through feeding experiment on the larvae of E. vespertilio, the insecticidal effect of water extract of oleander against the larvae was studied. [Result] The 1/20-1/200 times water extract of dry leaf weight of oleander had better insecticidal effect against the larvae of E. vespertilio, and the feeding mortality rate reached 100%. [Conclusion] The paper provided reference for development of new botanical pesticides with high efficiency, environmental protection and low carbon.
文摘Recent trend for the control of insect pests has been towards the use of substances of plant origin. Reductionin fertility was determined in red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum （Herbst.） by Nerium indicum Millleaves extract compared with coopex applied by contact method under laboratory condition. When adults were placed on filter paper treated With 7.86, 9.43, 11.01, 12.58 and 14.15 μL/cm2 doses of N. indicum leaves extract, fertility was 154 ± 15.2, 139 ± 15.0, 126 ± 6.0, 89 ± 12.2 and 72 ± 13.6 larvae/pair, compared with untreated and controls fertility （233 ± 16.0 and 190 ± 15.1 larvae/pair, respectively）. However, the reduction in fertility was 33.2 ± 6.4%, 39.7 ± 3.7%, 45.7 ± 2.9%, 58.0 ± 4.4% and 66.3 ± 5.1% by the same doses ofN. indicum extract. Moreover, adults treated with the same doses of coopex with the same method, fertility was 160 ± 14.6, 154 ± 9.3, 140 ± 11.2, 113 ± 7.5 and 71 ±- 4.8 larvae/pair, compared with controls fertility （211 ± 8.5 larvae/pair）, respectively. Furthermore, reduction in fertility was 24.3 ± 5.2%, 30.2 ± 6.4%, 37.2 ± 8.0%, 51.3 ± 1.4% and 58.8 ± 4.7% by the same doses of coopex. Minimum fertility was found in August and maximum was in July in both, N. indicum extract and coopex treated batches. The trend of reduction in fertility was the same in both N. indicum leaves extract and coopex, i.e., it was increased gradually from lower to higher doses. Nerium indicum leaves extract reduced fertility significantly compared with coopex.
基金supported by the Hainan Natural Science Foundation(No.220RC702).
文摘Objective: To study secondary metabolites from endophytic fungus Colletotruchum sp. HK-08 originated from the leaves of Nerium indicum.Methods: The compounds were isolated by various column chromatographic techniques, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques [high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy(HRESIMS), one-dimensional(1D) and two-dimensional(2D) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR)], as well as comparison with literature data. The Ellman method was used to determine the acetylcholinesterase(ACh E) inhibitory activity.Results: Four indole derivatives were identified from Colletotruchum sp. HK-08, including 6’-hydroxymonaspiloindole(1), 2-(2-oxoindolin-3-yl)ethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate(2), 2-(2-oxoindolin-3-yl)ethyl 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate(3), and monaspiloindole(4). Compound 4 presented weak ACh E inhibitory activity with IC50value of(69.30 ± 6.27) μmol/L [tacrine as the positive control, with IC50value of(0.61 ± 0.07) μmol/L].Conclusion: Compounds 1–3 were new compounds, and compound 4 had weak ACh E inhibitory activity.
