We previously showed that the repair of bone defects is regulated by neural and vascular signals. In the present study, we examined the effect of topically applied β-nerve growth factor(β-NGF) on neurogenesis and ...We previously showed that the repair of bone defects is regulated by neural and vascular signals. In the present study, we examined the effect of topically applied β-nerve growth factor(β-NGF) on neurogenesis and angiogenesis in critical-sized bone defects filled with collagen bone substitute. We created two symmetrical defects, 2.5 mm in diameter, on either side of the parietal bone of the skull, and filled them with bone substitute. Subcutaneously implanted osmotic pumps were used to infuse 10 μgβ-NGF in PBS(β-NGF + PBS) into the right-hand side defect, and PBS into the left(control) defect, over the 7 days following surgery. Immunohistochemical staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining were carried out at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days postoperatively. On day 7, expression of β III-tubulin was lower on the β-NGF + PBS side than on the control side, and that of neurofilament 160 was greater. On day 14, β III-tubulin and protein gene product 9.5 were greater on the β-NGF + PBS side than on the control side. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression was greater on the experimental side than the control side at 7 days, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 expression was elevated on days 14 and 21, but lower than control levels on day 28. However, no difference in the number of blood vessels was observed between sides. Our results indicate that topical application of β-NGF promoted neurogenesis, and may modulate angiogenesis by promoting nerve regeneration in collagen bone substitute-filled defects.展开更多
Objective:To study whether adenovirus-mediated human β-nerve growth factor (Ad-hNGFβ) gene has any protective effect on blast hearing impairment. Methods:Deafness was induced by blast exposure (172.0 dB) in 30 healt...Objective:To study whether adenovirus-mediated human β-nerve growth factor (Ad-hNGFβ) gene has any protective effect on blast hearing impairment. Methods:Deafness was induced by blast exposure (172.0 dB) in 30 healthy guinea pigs. On day 7 of blast exposure, Ad-hNGFβ was infused into the perilymphatic space of 20 animals as the study group (hNGFβ group), and artificial perilymph fluid (APF) was infused into the perilymphatic space of the other 10 animals as the control group. At weeks 1, 4 and 8 after blast exposure, the animals were sacrificed and the cochleae were removed for immunohistochemical and HE stainings. Results: Expression of Ad-hNGFβ protein was detected in each turn of the cochlea at the 1st week, with almost equal intensity in all turns. At the 4th week, the reactive intensity of the expression of Ad-hNGFβ protein decreased. At the 8th week, no expression was detectable. The results of HE staining showed that the amount of spiral ganglions in hNGFβ group was significantly greater than that of the control group at week 4 (P<0.01). Conclusion: Ad-hNGFβ can be expressed at a high level and for a relatively long period in the blast impaired cochlea, suggesting that Ad-hNGFβ has a protective effect on cochlear spiral ganglion cells after blast exposure and the efficient gene transfer into cochlea had been achieved without toxicity.展开更多
Beta-nerve growth factor(β-NGF) is known to be a major leading cause of neuronal plasticity. To identify the possible action mechanisms of β-NGF gene therapy for sciatic nerve recovery, experimental dogs were random...Beta-nerve growth factor(β-NGF) is known to be a major leading cause of neuronal plasticity. To identify the possible action mechanisms of β-NGF gene therapy for sciatic nerve recovery, experimental dogs were randomly divided into control, pyridoxine, and pyridoxine + β-NGF groups. We observed chronological changes of morphology in the dorsal root ganglia in response to pyridoxine toxicity based on cresyl violet staining. The number of large neurons positive for cresyl violet was dramatically decreased after pyridoxine intoxication for 7 days in the dorsal root ganglia and the neuron number was gradually increased after pyridoxine withdrawal. In addition, we also investigated the effects of β-NGF gene therapy on neuronal plasticity in pyridoxine-induced neuropathic dogs. To accomplish this, tyrosine kinase receptor A(TrkA), βIII-tubulin and doublecortin(DCX) immunohistochemical staining was performed at 3 days after the last pyridoxine treatment. TrkA-immunoreactive neurons were dramatically decreased in the pyridoxine group compared to the control group, but strong TrkA immunoreactivity was observed in the small-sized dorsal root ganglia in this group. TrkA immunoreactivity in the dorsal root ganglia was similar between β-NGF and control groups. The numbers of βIII-tubulin-and DCX-immunoreactive cells decreased significantly in the pyridoxine group compared to the control group. However, the reduction of βIII-tubulin-and DCX-immunoreactive cells in the dorsal root ganglia in the β-NGF group was significantly ameliorated than that in the pyridoxine group. These results indicate that β-NGF gene therapy is a powerful treatment of pyridoxine-induced neuropathic damage by increasing the TrkA and DCX levels in the dorsal root ganglia. The experimental protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(IACUC) of Seoul National University, South Korea(approval No. SNU-060623-1, SNU-091009-1) on June 23, 2006 and October 9, 2009, respectively.展开更多
Background: Pruritus is a distressing symptom of cholestatic, inflammatory, and malignant liver diseases. It is a common symptom in many biliary and cholestatic disorders such as primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Sever...Background: Pruritus is a distressing symptom of cholestatic, inflammatory, and malignant liver diseases. It is a common symptom in many biliary and cholestatic disorders such as primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Several mechanisms are generally accepted as possible explanations to the underlying basis of itch. However, the exact pathophysiology of pruritus in liver diseases remains unclear. The cutaneous and central neurobiology of pruritus is complex and underlies a regulation of variable mechanisms. At present, not all mechanisms including neuromediators and receptors are known. Objective: Our objective is to evaluate whether the expression pattern of NGF and its receptor TrK A has a role in pruritus in a group of Egyptian cirrhotic patients. Patients and Methods: Forty Patients with liver cirrhosis were enrolled in the study depending on clinical evidence of stigmata of chronic liver disease (e.g. jaundice, ascites, palmar erythema, spider naevi, etc.) and ultrasonographic features of liver cirrhosis (e.g. coarse echo texture, shrunken liver, etc.). Patients were divided into two groups. Group (1): included 20 patients cirrhotic patients without pruritus. Group (2): included 20 patients cirrhotic patients with pruritus. A group of age and sex matched healthy twenty volunteers as a control. Results: After evaluation of histopathological using hematoxylin and eosin stained sections (H&E) was done. There was positive correlation between NGF protein expression and severity of pruritus in cirrhotic patients with pruritus (r = 0.876, p value ≤ 0.001). Also there was positive correlation between TrK A protein expression and severity of pruritus in cirrhotic patients with pruritus (r = 0.44, p value ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: We report, for the first time, role of these proteins (NGF/TrK A) in the mechanism of pruritus in cirrhotic patients and may provide a potential target for new treatment of pruritus in cirrhotic.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and nerve growth actor (NGF) cam improve spatial learning and memory abilities of rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion; however, the effect of combination of them ...BACKGROUND: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and nerve growth actor (NGF) cam improve spatial learning and memory abilities of rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion; however, the effect of combination of them on relieving learning and memory injury following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion should be further studied. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of exogenous CGRP and NGF on learning and memory abilities of rats with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study. SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Xiamen; Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Department of Neurobiology, Basic Medical College of China Medical University. MATERIALS: A total of 30 healthy male SD rats, aged 8 weeks, of clean grade, weighing 250-300 g, were provided by Experimental Animal Department of China Medical University. All rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, ischemia/reperfusion group and treatment group with 10 in each group. The main reagents were detailed as the follows: 100 g/L chloral hydrate, 0.5 mL CGRP (2 mg/L, Sigma Company, USA), and NGF (1× 106 U/L, 0.5 mL, Siweite Company, Dalian). METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Department of Neurobiology, Basic Medical College of China Medical University from February to July 2005. Rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion were established by method of occlusion, 2 hours after that rats were anesthetized and the thread was slightly drawn out for 10 mm under direct staring to perform reperfusion. Rats in the ischemia/reperfusion group received intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL saline via the abdomen at two hours later, while rats in the treatment group at 2 hours later received intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/L CGRP (0.5 mL) and 1×106 U/L NGF (0.5 mL) once a day for 10 successive days. First administration was accomplished within 15 minutes after ischemia/reperfusion. Rats in the sham-operation group were separated of the vessels without occlusion or administration. The neural function was evaluated with Zea Longa 5-grade scale. Animals with the score of one, two and three points received Morris water-maze test to measure searching time on platform (omitting platform-escaping latency). Meanwhile, leaning and memory abilities of animals were reflected through testing times of passing through platform per minute. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Experimental results of omitting platform-escaping latency and spatial probe. RESULTS: Three and two rats in the ischemia/reperfusion group and treatment group respectively were not in accordance with the criteria in the process, and the rest were involved in the final analysis. ① Comparisons of platform-escaping latency during Morris water-maze test in all the three groups: Ten days after modeling, the platform-escaping latency in the ischemia/reperfusion group was obviously longer than that in sham-operation group (P < 0.01), and was significantly shorter than that in the treatment group (P < 0.01). ② Comparisons of times of passing through platform in all the three groups: Times of passing through platform were remarkably less in the ischemia/reperfusion group than those in the sham-operation group [(1.79±0.39), (4.30±0.73) times/minute, P < 0.01], and those were markedly more in the treatment group than the ischemia/reperfusion group [(3.16±1.03), (1.79±0.39) times/minute, P < 0.01]. CONCLUSION: CGRP and NGF are capable of ameliorating the abilities of spatial learning and memory in MCAO rats, which indicates that CGRP and NGF can protect ischemic neurons.展开更多
Nerve growth factor(NGF) is a powerful trophic factor that provides essential support for the survival and differentiation of sympathetic and sensory neurons during development. However, NGF also activates nociceptors...Nerve growth factor(NGF) is a powerful trophic factor that provides essential support for the survival and differentiation of sympathetic and sensory neurons during development. However, NGF also activates nociceptors contributing significantly to inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain after tissue injury. As such anti-NGF based therapies represent a promising strategy for pain management. Because of dose-dependent serious side effects such as back pain, injection site hyperalgesia, clinical trials of using NGF to treat various disorders such as diabetic neuropathies, chemotherapy-induced and human immunodeficiency virus-associated peripheral neuropathies were all discontinued. Thus far, worldwide clinical applications of NGF in treating patients are very limited except in China. Hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy type V(HSAN V) is an extremely rare disease. Genetic analyses have revealed that HSAN V is associated with autosomal recessive mutations in NGF. One of the mutations occurred at the 100^(th) position of mature NGF resulting in a change of residue from arginine to tryptophan(R100W). Although those HSAN V patients associated with the NGF^(R100W) mutation suffer from severe loss of deep pain, bone fractures and joint destruction, interestingly patients with the NGF^(R100W) mutation do not show apparent cognitive deficits, suggesting important trophic support function is preserved. We believe that NGF^(R100W) provides an ideal tool to uncouple the two important functions of NGF: trophic versus nociceptive. Studies from investigators including ourselves have indeed confirmed in animal testing that the NGF^(R100W) no longer induced pain. More importantly, the trophic function seemed to be largely preserved in NGF harboring the R100W mutation. On the mechanistic level, we found that the NGF^(R100W) mutation was capable of binding to and signaling through the tyrosine receptor kinase A receptor. But its ability to bind to and activate the 75 kDa neurotrophic factor was significantly diminished. The significance of these findings is at least two folds: 1) the NGF^(R100W) mutation can be used as an alternative to the wildtype NGF to treat human conditions without eliciting pain; and 2) the 75 kDa neurotrophic factor may serve as a novel target for pain management. We will discuss all the details in this mini-review.展开更多
The present study characterized the nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated regulation of tau protein expression and transcription in IMR32 human neuroblastoma cells. Treatment of IMR32 cells with 50 ng/mL NGF resulted in ...The present study characterized the nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated regulation of tau protein expression and transcription in IMR32 human neuroblastoma cells. Treatment of IMR32 cells with 50 ng/mL NGF resulted in increased levels of specific tau protein isoforms. A 550 bp fragment of the tau promoter was cloned and treatment of transfected IMR32 and PC12 cells with NGF also resulted in increased promoter activation, suggesting that the NGF-mediated increase in tau isoforms is regulated, at least in part, at the level of transcription. Pretreatment with the MAP kinase inhibitor U0126 or the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide 1 (BIS-1) attenuated the NGF-mediated increase in tau transcription, indicating that the NGF-mediated activation of the MAP kinase and PKC signaling pathways modulate tau transcription. Pre-treatment of cells with the Akt inhibitor, LY294002 or with NOS inhibitors Nω-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) or s-methylisothiourea (S-MIU) had no effect on the NGF-mediated increase in tau promoter activation, suggesting that NO and the NGF-Akt signaling pathway do not modulate tau transcription. Taken together, these data demonstrate that NGF increases the levels of multiple human tau isoforms in IMR32 cells which may result, at least in part, from NGF-mediated PKC and MAP kinase-induced tau transcription.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Immediate early gene (lEG) c-jun is a sensitive marker for functional status of nerve cells. Caspase-3 is a cysteine protease, which is a critical regulator of apoptosis. The effect of exogenous nerve g...BACKGROUND: Immediate early gene (lEG) c-jun is a sensitive marker for functional status of nerve cells. Caspase-3 is a cysteine protease, which is a critical regulator of apoptosis. The effect of exogenous nerve growth factor (NGF) on the expression of c-jun mRNA and Caspase-3 protein in striate cortex of rats with transient global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (IR) is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effect of exogenous NGF on the brain of rats with transient globa cerebral IR and its effecting pathway by observing the expression of c-jun mRNA and Caspase-3 protein. DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal trial SETTING: Department of Neural Anatomy, Institute of Brain, China Medical University MATERIALS:Eighteen healthy male SD rats of clean grade, aged 1 to 3 months, with body mass of 250 to 300 g, were involved in this study. NGF was provided by Dalian Svate Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd. c-jun in situ hybridization detection kit, Caspase-3 antibody and SABC kit were purchased from Boster Biotechnology Co.. Ltd. METHODS: This trial was carried out in the Department of Neural Anatomy, Institute of Brain, China Medical University during September 2003 to April 2005. (1) Experimental animals were randomized into three groups with 6 in each: sham-operation group, IR group and NGF group.(2)After the rats were anesthetized, the bilateral common carotid arteries and right external carotid arteries of rats were bluntly dissected and bilateral common carotid arteries were clamped for 30 minutes with bulldog clamps. Reperfusion began after buldog clamps were removed. Normal saline of lmL and NGF (1×10^6 U/L) of 1 mL was injected into the common carotid artery of rats via right external carotid arteries in the IR group and NGF group respectively. The injection was conducted within 30 minutes, and then the right external carotid arteries were ligated. In the sham-operation group, occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries and administration of drugs were omitted.GAll the rats were executed by decollation at 3 hours after modeling. The animals were fixed with phosphate buffer solution (PBS, 0.1 mol/L) containing 40 g/L polyformaldehyde, their brains were quickly removed. The coronal section tissue mass containing striate cortex about 3 mm before line between two ears was taken and made into successive frozen sections.(4)The expression of c-jun mRNA and Caspase-3 protein in striate cortex of global cerebral ischemia rats were detected with in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and microscope image analysis. (5)t test was used for comparing the difference of the measurement data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Comparison of the expression of lEG c-jun mRNA and Caspase-3 protein in striate cortex of brain of rats in each group. RESULTS:All the 18 SD rats were involved in the analysis of results. The c-jun mRNA and Caspase-3 protein positive reaction cells were found brown yellow in the striate cortex of rats, and most of them were in lamellas Ⅱ and Ⅲ, mainly presenting round or oval. The expression of c-jun mRNA and Caspase-3 protein in sham-operation group was weak or negative. The average gray value of c-jun mRNA and Caspase-3 protein in the IR group was significantly lower than that in the sham-operation group (49.52±4.13 vs. 95.48± 5.28; 74.73±4.29 vs. 162.38±9.16,P 〈 0.01). The average gray value of c-jun mRNA and Caspase-3 protein in the NGF group was significantly higher than that in the IR group (63.96±4.25 vs.49.52±4.13; 83.98± 4.13 vs. 74.73±4.29, P〈 0.05). CONCLUSION: NGF can protect ischemic neurons by down-regulating the expression of c-jun mRNA and Caspase-3 protein in striate cortex of global cerebral ischemia rats.展开更多
Lead exposure is a known potential risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Exposure to lead during the critical phase of brain development has been linked with mental retardatio...Lead exposure is a known potential risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Exposure to lead during the critical phase of brain development has been linked with mental retardation and hypophrenia in later life.展开更多
Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2(FGF2) are well-known growth factors involved in the regeneration of various tissues and organs, including peripheral nerve system. In the present...Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2(FGF2) are well-known growth factors involved in the regeneration of various tissues and organs, including peripheral nerve system. In the present study, we elucidated the local and systemic effects of plasmid construct рBud-coVEGF165-coFGF2 injected into the epineurium of intact rat sciatic nerve. Results of histological examination of sciatic nerve and multiplex immunoassays of serum showed the absence of immunogenicity and biosafety of plasmid рBud-coVEGF165-coFGF2. Moreover, local administration of plasmid DNA construct resulted in significantly decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood, including tumor necrosis factor α(TNFα) and interleukin-12, and significantly increased levels of cytokines and chemokines including Regulated upon Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Presumably Secrete(RANTES), epidermal growth factor, interleukin-2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. These changes in the peripheral blood on day 7 after injection of plasmid construct рBud-coVEGF165-coFGF2 show that the plasmid construct has systemic effects and may modulate immune response. At the same time, reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction revealed transient expression of coFGF2, coVEGF165, ratFGF2 and ratVEGFA with direct transport of transcripts from distal part to proximal part of the sciatic nerve. Immunohistochemical staining revealed prolonged presence of VEGFA in sciatic nerve till 14 days post-injection. These findings suggest that local administration of plasmid construct рBud-coVEGF165-coFGF2 at a concentration of 30 ng/μL results in the formation of pro-angiogenic stimuli and, and the plasmid construct, used as a drug for gene therapy, might potentially facilitate regeneration of the sciatic nerve. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Kazan Federal University, procedures were approved by the Local Ethics Committee(approval No. 5) on May 27, 2014.展开更多
It has been reported that various progenitor cells or stem cells and continuously released bioactive molecules can enhance the regeneration of muscles and thus help to treat chronic degenerative diseases,such as urina...It has been reported that various progenitor cells or stem cells and continuously released bioactive molecules can enhance the regeneration of muscles and thus help to treat chronic degenerative diseases,such as urinary/fecal incontinence and erectile dysfunction.However,the regeneration ofmuscles alone cannot be a fundamental cure of chronic degenerative diseases,because regenerated muscles with insufficient nerve connections subsequently lead tomuscle atrophy[1].展开更多
Objective Molecular cloning and sequencing of the human matured fragment of human nerve growth factor(NGF) gene. Methods Extracting the human genomic DNA from the white blood cells as templates, the gene of NGF was ...Objective Molecular cloning and sequencing of the human matured fragment of human nerve growth factor(NGF) gene. Methods Extracting the human genomic DNA from the white blood cells as templates, the gene of NGF was cloned by using PCR and T vector cloning method. Screening the positive clones and identified by the restriction enzymes, and then the cloned amplified fragment was sequenced and analyzed. Results DNA sequence comparison the cloned gene of NGF with the GenBank (V01511) sequence demonstrated that both of sequences were identical, 354bp length. Conclusion Cloning the NGF gene from the human genomic DNA has paved the way for further study on gene therapy of nerve system injury.展开更多
NGF is one of the few endogenous neurotrophic factors which have been clarified in structure and gene sequence. The β subunit of NGF (β-NGF) has been proved to be effective in promoting normal development and differ...NGF is one of the few endogenous neurotrophic factors which have been clarified in structure and gene sequence. The β subunit of NGF (β-NGF) has been proved to be effective in promoting normal development and differentiation of certain neurons in both central and peripheral nervous systemst. It has also shown to play展开更多
Objective:Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological condition,and NF-kB,TLR-4,and MyD88 are significant contributors to its development.Murine nerve growth factor(NGF)and monosialotetrahexosylganlioside sodium for injectio...Objective:Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological condition,and NF-kB,TLR-4,and MyD88 are significant contributors to its development.Murine nerve growth factor(NGF)and monosialotetrahexosylganlioside sodium for injection(MSI)are essential neurotrophic medications,yet their regulatory mechanism in the pathogenesis of epilepsy remains uncertain.The aim of this research was to examine the impacts of NGF and MSI on nuclear factor-kB(NF-kB)p65,toll-like receptor 4(TLR-4),and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88(MyD88)in order to clarify their mechanisms of action in the management of epilepsy.Methods:A total of 40 SD rats were randomly assigned to one of five groups:blank,model,NGF model,MSI model,and NGF+MSI model.Epileptic rat models were induced through intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride and pilocarpine solution.The rats'body mass and behavioral traits were subsequently observed.The Western blotting technique was utilized to detect the levels of NF-kB p65,TLR-4,and MyD88.Results:The findings indicated a more pronounced increase in body mass among the four groups prior to sacrifice,as compared to the model group.Notably,the NGF+MSI model group exhibited significant enhancements in food intake,activity,and body weight.The frequency of seizures in NGF group,MSI group,and NGF+MSI group were(5.33±1.15),(4.33±1.03),and(2.66±1.33)times/7 d,respectively,with neuronal apoptosis rates being(23.17±2.91),(21.38±3.07),(18.19±2.14)%times/7 d,respectively,which were lower than those in the model group.The levels of NF-kB p56,TLR-4,and MyD88 in the hippocampus were reduced in the model group compared to the three treatment groups.Furthermore,the expression levels in the NGF+MSI model group closely resembled those in the control group(P>0.05).Conclusion:Thorough examination revealed that NGF and MSI,either individually or in conjunction,were capable of suppressing the activation of the NF-kB pathway and enhancing the TLR-4/MyD88 signaling pathway to exert an antiepileptic influence.Furthermore,the combined administration of NGF and MSI demonstrated greater efficacy in safeguarding hippocampal neurons in epileptic rats.展开更多
Background Neurone atrophy and loss are major causes of chronic neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Despite many pharmacotherapies for neurodegeneration, there are no accepted treatments. We in...Background Neurone atrophy and loss are major causes of chronic neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Despite many pharmacotherapies for neurodegeneration, there are no accepted treatments. We investigated the feasibility of human nerve growth factor β (hNGFβ) gene expression mediated by recombinant adeno-associated viruses type-2 (rAAV-2) vector in the central nervous system (CNS) after blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption.Methods rAAV-2 containing hNGFβ gene was constructed. The ability of hNGFβ gene mediated by rAAV-2 vector (rAAV-2/hNGFβ) to transfect cells in vitro was confirmed by both ELISA and bioassay of hNGFβ in the culture supernatant of BHK-21 cells infected by rAAV-2/hNGFβ. rAAV-2/hNGFβ and rAAV-2/green fluorescence protein (GFP) were administrated separately to rat brains through internal carotid intubation after BBB disruption with hypertonic mannitol. Brain hNGFβ concentration was measured by ELISA and GFP in brain sections was examined by laser scan confocal microscope.Results After 48 hours, hNGFβ content in supernatant was up to (188.0±28.6) pg/ml when BHK-21 cells were infected by rAAV-2/hNGFβ at multiplicity of infection (MOI)1.0×106 vector genome. Neurone fibre outgrowths were obvious in dorsal root ganglion neurone assays by adding serum free culture medium harvested from BHK-21 cells exposed to rAAV-2/hNGFβ. Whole brain hNGFβ content in rAAV-2/hNGFβ transferred group was up to (636.2±140.6) pg/ml. hNGFβ content of BBB disruption in rAAV-2/hNGFβ infused group increased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.05). GFP expression was clearly observed in brain sections of rAAV-2/GFP transferred group.Conclusion rAAV-2/hNGFβ successfully expresses in the CNS after BBB disruption induced by hypertonic mannitol.展开更多
基金supported by the Fujian Foundation for Distinguished Young Scientists in China,No.Grant#2060203the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31070838
文摘We previously showed that the repair of bone defects is regulated by neural and vascular signals. In the present study, we examined the effect of topically applied β-nerve growth factor(β-NGF) on neurogenesis and angiogenesis in critical-sized bone defects filled with collagen bone substitute. We created two symmetrical defects, 2.5 mm in diameter, on either side of the parietal bone of the skull, and filled them with bone substitute. Subcutaneously implanted osmotic pumps were used to infuse 10 μgβ-NGF in PBS(β-NGF + PBS) into the right-hand side defect, and PBS into the left(control) defect, over the 7 days following surgery. Immunohistochemical staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining were carried out at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days postoperatively. On day 7, expression of β III-tubulin was lower on the β-NGF + PBS side than on the control side, and that of neurofilament 160 was greater. On day 14, β III-tubulin and protein gene product 9.5 were greater on the β-NGF + PBS side than on the control side. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression was greater on the experimental side than the control side at 7 days, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 expression was elevated on days 14 and 21, but lower than control levels on day 28. However, no difference in the number of blood vessels was observed between sides. Our results indicate that topical application of β-NGF promoted neurogenesis, and may modulate angiogenesis by promoting nerve regeneration in collagen bone substitute-filled defects.
基金Supported by the"Eleventh Five-Year Plan"Medical Science Research Foundation of the PLA(No.06MA157)
文摘Objective:To study whether adenovirus-mediated human β-nerve growth factor (Ad-hNGFβ) gene has any protective effect on blast hearing impairment. Methods:Deafness was induced by blast exposure (172.0 dB) in 30 healthy guinea pigs. On day 7 of blast exposure, Ad-hNGFβ was infused into the perilymphatic space of 20 animals as the study group (hNGFβ group), and artificial perilymph fluid (APF) was infused into the perilymphatic space of the other 10 animals as the control group. At weeks 1, 4 and 8 after blast exposure, the animals were sacrificed and the cochleae were removed for immunohistochemical and HE stainings. Results: Expression of Ad-hNGFβ protein was detected in each turn of the cochlea at the 1st week, with almost equal intensity in all turns. At the 4th week, the reactive intensity of the expression of Ad-hNGFβ protein decreased. At the 8th week, no expression was detectable. The results of HE staining showed that the amount of spiral ganglions in hNGFβ group was significantly greater than that of the control group at week 4 (P<0.01). Conclusion: Ad-hNGFβ can be expressed at a high level and for a relatively long period in the blast impaired cochlea, suggesting that Ad-hNGFβ has a protective effect on cochlear spiral ganglion cells after blast exposure and the efficient gene transfer into cochlea had been achieved without toxicity.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT&Future Planning(No.NRF-2017R1A1A1A05000762)Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development,Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea(No.PJ01395602 both to JYC)
文摘Beta-nerve growth factor(β-NGF) is known to be a major leading cause of neuronal plasticity. To identify the possible action mechanisms of β-NGF gene therapy for sciatic nerve recovery, experimental dogs were randomly divided into control, pyridoxine, and pyridoxine + β-NGF groups. We observed chronological changes of morphology in the dorsal root ganglia in response to pyridoxine toxicity based on cresyl violet staining. The number of large neurons positive for cresyl violet was dramatically decreased after pyridoxine intoxication for 7 days in the dorsal root ganglia and the neuron number was gradually increased after pyridoxine withdrawal. In addition, we also investigated the effects of β-NGF gene therapy on neuronal plasticity in pyridoxine-induced neuropathic dogs. To accomplish this, tyrosine kinase receptor A(TrkA), βIII-tubulin and doublecortin(DCX) immunohistochemical staining was performed at 3 days after the last pyridoxine treatment. TrkA-immunoreactive neurons were dramatically decreased in the pyridoxine group compared to the control group, but strong TrkA immunoreactivity was observed in the small-sized dorsal root ganglia in this group. TrkA immunoreactivity in the dorsal root ganglia was similar between β-NGF and control groups. The numbers of βIII-tubulin-and DCX-immunoreactive cells decreased significantly in the pyridoxine group compared to the control group. However, the reduction of βIII-tubulin-and DCX-immunoreactive cells in the dorsal root ganglia in the β-NGF group was significantly ameliorated than that in the pyridoxine group. These results indicate that β-NGF gene therapy is a powerful treatment of pyridoxine-induced neuropathic damage by increasing the TrkA and DCX levels in the dorsal root ganglia. The experimental protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(IACUC) of Seoul National University, South Korea(approval No. SNU-060623-1, SNU-091009-1) on June 23, 2006 and October 9, 2009, respectively.
文摘Background: Pruritus is a distressing symptom of cholestatic, inflammatory, and malignant liver diseases. It is a common symptom in many biliary and cholestatic disorders such as primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Several mechanisms are generally accepted as possible explanations to the underlying basis of itch. However, the exact pathophysiology of pruritus in liver diseases remains unclear. The cutaneous and central neurobiology of pruritus is complex and underlies a regulation of variable mechanisms. At present, not all mechanisms including neuromediators and receptors are known. Objective: Our objective is to evaluate whether the expression pattern of NGF and its receptor TrK A has a role in pruritus in a group of Egyptian cirrhotic patients. Patients and Methods: Forty Patients with liver cirrhosis were enrolled in the study depending on clinical evidence of stigmata of chronic liver disease (e.g. jaundice, ascites, palmar erythema, spider naevi, etc.) and ultrasonographic features of liver cirrhosis (e.g. coarse echo texture, shrunken liver, etc.). Patients were divided into two groups. Group (1): included 20 patients cirrhotic patients without pruritus. Group (2): included 20 patients cirrhotic patients with pruritus. A group of age and sex matched healthy twenty volunteers as a control. Results: After evaluation of histopathological using hematoxylin and eosin stained sections (H&E) was done. There was positive correlation between NGF protein expression and severity of pruritus in cirrhotic patients with pruritus (r = 0.876, p value ≤ 0.001). Also there was positive correlation between TrK A protein expression and severity of pruritus in cirrhotic patients with pruritus (r = 0.44, p value ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: We report, for the first time, role of these proteins (NGF/TrK A) in the mechanism of pruritus in cirrhotic patients and may provide a potential target for new treatment of pruritus in cirrhotic.
文摘BACKGROUND: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and nerve growth actor (NGF) cam improve spatial learning and memory abilities of rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion; however, the effect of combination of them on relieving learning and memory injury following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion should be further studied. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of exogenous CGRP and NGF on learning and memory abilities of rats with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study. SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Xiamen; Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Department of Neurobiology, Basic Medical College of China Medical University. MATERIALS: A total of 30 healthy male SD rats, aged 8 weeks, of clean grade, weighing 250-300 g, were provided by Experimental Animal Department of China Medical University. All rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, ischemia/reperfusion group and treatment group with 10 in each group. The main reagents were detailed as the follows: 100 g/L chloral hydrate, 0.5 mL CGRP (2 mg/L, Sigma Company, USA), and NGF (1× 106 U/L, 0.5 mL, Siweite Company, Dalian). METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Department of Neurobiology, Basic Medical College of China Medical University from February to July 2005. Rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion were established by method of occlusion, 2 hours after that rats were anesthetized and the thread was slightly drawn out for 10 mm under direct staring to perform reperfusion. Rats in the ischemia/reperfusion group received intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL saline via the abdomen at two hours later, while rats in the treatment group at 2 hours later received intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/L CGRP (0.5 mL) and 1×106 U/L NGF (0.5 mL) once a day for 10 successive days. First administration was accomplished within 15 minutes after ischemia/reperfusion. Rats in the sham-operation group were separated of the vessels without occlusion or administration. The neural function was evaluated with Zea Longa 5-grade scale. Animals with the score of one, two and three points received Morris water-maze test to measure searching time on platform (omitting platform-escaping latency). Meanwhile, leaning and memory abilities of animals were reflected through testing times of passing through platform per minute. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Experimental results of omitting platform-escaping latency and spatial probe. RESULTS: Three and two rats in the ischemia/reperfusion group and treatment group respectively were not in accordance with the criteria in the process, and the rest were involved in the final analysis. ① Comparisons of platform-escaping latency during Morris water-maze test in all the three groups: Ten days after modeling, the platform-escaping latency in the ischemia/reperfusion group was obviously longer than that in sham-operation group (P < 0.01), and was significantly shorter than that in the treatment group (P < 0.01). ② Comparisons of times of passing through platform in all the three groups: Times of passing through platform were remarkably less in the ischemia/reperfusion group than those in the sham-operation group [(1.79±0.39), (4.30±0.73) times/minute, P < 0.01], and those were markedly more in the treatment group than the ischemia/reperfusion group [(3.16±1.03), (1.79±0.39) times/minute, P < 0.01]. CONCLUSION: CGRP and NGF are capable of ameliorating the abilities of spatial learning and memory in MCAO rats, which indicates that CGRP and NGF can protect ischemic neurons.
文摘Nerve growth factor(NGF) is a powerful trophic factor that provides essential support for the survival and differentiation of sympathetic and sensory neurons during development. However, NGF also activates nociceptors contributing significantly to inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain after tissue injury. As such anti-NGF based therapies represent a promising strategy for pain management. Because of dose-dependent serious side effects such as back pain, injection site hyperalgesia, clinical trials of using NGF to treat various disorders such as diabetic neuropathies, chemotherapy-induced and human immunodeficiency virus-associated peripheral neuropathies were all discontinued. Thus far, worldwide clinical applications of NGF in treating patients are very limited except in China. Hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy type V(HSAN V) is an extremely rare disease. Genetic analyses have revealed that HSAN V is associated with autosomal recessive mutations in NGF. One of the mutations occurred at the 100^(th) position of mature NGF resulting in a change of residue from arginine to tryptophan(R100W). Although those HSAN V patients associated with the NGF^(R100W) mutation suffer from severe loss of deep pain, bone fractures and joint destruction, interestingly patients with the NGF^(R100W) mutation do not show apparent cognitive deficits, suggesting important trophic support function is preserved. We believe that NGF^(R100W) provides an ideal tool to uncouple the two important functions of NGF: trophic versus nociceptive. Studies from investigators including ourselves have indeed confirmed in animal testing that the NGF^(R100W) no longer induced pain. More importantly, the trophic function seemed to be largely preserved in NGF harboring the R100W mutation. On the mechanistic level, we found that the NGF^(R100W) mutation was capable of binding to and signaling through the tyrosine receptor kinase A receptor. But its ability to bind to and activate the 75 kDa neurotrophic factor was significantly diminished. The significance of these findings is at least two folds: 1) the NGF^(R100W) mutation can be used as an alternative to the wildtype NGF to treat human conditions without eliciting pain; and 2) the 75 kDa neurotrophic factor may serve as a novel target for pain management. We will discuss all the details in this mini-review.
文摘The present study characterized the nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated regulation of tau protein expression and transcription in IMR32 human neuroblastoma cells. Treatment of IMR32 cells with 50 ng/mL NGF resulted in increased levels of specific tau protein isoforms. A 550 bp fragment of the tau promoter was cloned and treatment of transfected IMR32 and PC12 cells with NGF also resulted in increased promoter activation, suggesting that the NGF-mediated increase in tau isoforms is regulated, at least in part, at the level of transcription. Pretreatment with the MAP kinase inhibitor U0126 or the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide 1 (BIS-1) attenuated the NGF-mediated increase in tau transcription, indicating that the NGF-mediated activation of the MAP kinase and PKC signaling pathways modulate tau transcription. Pre-treatment of cells with the Akt inhibitor, LY294002 or with NOS inhibitors Nω-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) or s-methylisothiourea (S-MIU) had no effect on the NGF-mediated increase in tau promoter activation, suggesting that NO and the NGF-Akt signaling pathway do not modulate tau transcription. Taken together, these data demonstrate that NGF increases the levels of multiple human tau isoforms in IMR32 cells which may result, at least in part, from NGF-mediated PKC and MAP kinase-induced tau transcription.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of LiaoningProvince, No. 619019
文摘BACKGROUND: Immediate early gene (lEG) c-jun is a sensitive marker for functional status of nerve cells. Caspase-3 is a cysteine protease, which is a critical regulator of apoptosis. The effect of exogenous nerve growth factor (NGF) on the expression of c-jun mRNA and Caspase-3 protein in striate cortex of rats with transient global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (IR) is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effect of exogenous NGF on the brain of rats with transient globa cerebral IR and its effecting pathway by observing the expression of c-jun mRNA and Caspase-3 protein. DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal trial SETTING: Department of Neural Anatomy, Institute of Brain, China Medical University MATERIALS:Eighteen healthy male SD rats of clean grade, aged 1 to 3 months, with body mass of 250 to 300 g, were involved in this study. NGF was provided by Dalian Svate Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd. c-jun in situ hybridization detection kit, Caspase-3 antibody and SABC kit were purchased from Boster Biotechnology Co.. Ltd. METHODS: This trial was carried out in the Department of Neural Anatomy, Institute of Brain, China Medical University during September 2003 to April 2005. (1) Experimental animals were randomized into three groups with 6 in each: sham-operation group, IR group and NGF group.(2)After the rats were anesthetized, the bilateral common carotid arteries and right external carotid arteries of rats were bluntly dissected and bilateral common carotid arteries were clamped for 30 minutes with bulldog clamps. Reperfusion began after buldog clamps were removed. Normal saline of lmL and NGF (1×10^6 U/L) of 1 mL was injected into the common carotid artery of rats via right external carotid arteries in the IR group and NGF group respectively. The injection was conducted within 30 minutes, and then the right external carotid arteries were ligated. In the sham-operation group, occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries and administration of drugs were omitted.GAll the rats were executed by decollation at 3 hours after modeling. The animals were fixed with phosphate buffer solution (PBS, 0.1 mol/L) containing 40 g/L polyformaldehyde, their brains were quickly removed. The coronal section tissue mass containing striate cortex about 3 mm before line between two ears was taken and made into successive frozen sections.(4)The expression of c-jun mRNA and Caspase-3 protein in striate cortex of global cerebral ischemia rats were detected with in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and microscope image analysis. (5)t test was used for comparing the difference of the measurement data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Comparison of the expression of lEG c-jun mRNA and Caspase-3 protein in striate cortex of brain of rats in each group. RESULTS:All the 18 SD rats were involved in the analysis of results. The c-jun mRNA and Caspase-3 protein positive reaction cells were found brown yellow in the striate cortex of rats, and most of them were in lamellas Ⅱ and Ⅲ, mainly presenting round or oval. The expression of c-jun mRNA and Caspase-3 protein in sham-operation group was weak or negative. The average gray value of c-jun mRNA and Caspase-3 protein in the IR group was significantly lower than that in the sham-operation group (49.52±4.13 vs. 95.48± 5.28; 74.73±4.29 vs. 162.38±9.16,P 〈 0.01). The average gray value of c-jun mRNA and Caspase-3 protein in the NGF group was significantly higher than that in the IR group (63.96±4.25 vs.49.52±4.13; 83.98± 4.13 vs. 74.73±4.29, P〈 0.05). CONCLUSION: NGF can protect ischemic neurons by down-regulating the expression of c-jun mRNA and Caspase-3 protein in striate cortex of global cerebral ischemia rats.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC),No.31201878,81172716,and U1204804Post Doctoral Foundation of China,No.2015M572109Post Doctoral Fund of Henan province,No.2014049
文摘Lead exposure is a known potential risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Exposure to lead during the critical phase of brain development has been linked with mental retardation and hypophrenia in later life.
基金supported by the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University,state assignment 20.5175.2017/6.7 of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation and Grant of the President of the Russian Federation for state support of the leading scientific schools of the Russian Federationsupported by the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of the Kazan Federal University(to AR)the Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant 18-54-45023 Ind_a(to IS and GM)。
文摘Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2(FGF2) are well-known growth factors involved in the regeneration of various tissues and organs, including peripheral nerve system. In the present study, we elucidated the local and systemic effects of plasmid construct рBud-coVEGF165-coFGF2 injected into the epineurium of intact rat sciatic nerve. Results of histological examination of sciatic nerve and multiplex immunoassays of serum showed the absence of immunogenicity and biosafety of plasmid рBud-coVEGF165-coFGF2. Moreover, local administration of plasmid DNA construct resulted in significantly decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood, including tumor necrosis factor α(TNFα) and interleukin-12, and significantly increased levels of cytokines and chemokines including Regulated upon Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Presumably Secrete(RANTES), epidermal growth factor, interleukin-2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. These changes in the peripheral blood on day 7 after injection of plasmid construct рBud-coVEGF165-coFGF2 show that the plasmid construct has systemic effects and may modulate immune response. At the same time, reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction revealed transient expression of coFGF2, coVEGF165, ratFGF2 and ratVEGFA with direct transport of transcripts from distal part to proximal part of the sciatic nerve. Immunohistochemical staining revealed prolonged presence of VEGFA in sciatic nerve till 14 days post-injection. These findings suggest that local administration of plasmid construct рBud-coVEGF165-coFGF2 at a concentration of 30 ng/μL results in the formation of pro-angiogenic stimuli and, and the plasmid construct, used as a drug for gene therapy, might potentially facilitate regeneration of the sciatic nerve. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Kazan Federal University, procedures were approved by the Local Ethics Committee(approval No. 5) on May 27, 2014.
文摘It has been reported that various progenitor cells or stem cells and continuously released bioactive molecules can enhance the regeneration of muscles and thus help to treat chronic degenerative diseases,such as urinary/fecal incontinence and erectile dysfunction.However,the regeneration ofmuscles alone cannot be a fundamental cure of chronic degenerative diseases,because regenerated muscles with insufficient nerve connections subsequently lead tomuscle atrophy[1].
文摘Objective Molecular cloning and sequencing of the human matured fragment of human nerve growth factor(NGF) gene. Methods Extracting the human genomic DNA from the white blood cells as templates, the gene of NGF was cloned by using PCR and T vector cloning method. Screening the positive clones and identified by the restriction enzymes, and then the cloned amplified fragment was sequenced and analyzed. Results DNA sequence comparison the cloned gene of NGF with the GenBank (V01511) sequence demonstrated that both of sequences were identical, 354bp length. Conclusion Cloning the NGF gene from the human genomic DNA has paved the way for further study on gene therapy of nerve system injury.
文摘NGF is one of the few endogenous neurotrophic factors which have been clarified in structure and gene sequence. The β subunit of NGF (β-NGF) has been proved to be effective in promoting normal development and differentiation of certain neurons in both central and peripheral nervous systemst. It has also shown to play
文摘Objective:Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological condition,and NF-kB,TLR-4,and MyD88 are significant contributors to its development.Murine nerve growth factor(NGF)and monosialotetrahexosylganlioside sodium for injection(MSI)are essential neurotrophic medications,yet their regulatory mechanism in the pathogenesis of epilepsy remains uncertain.The aim of this research was to examine the impacts of NGF and MSI on nuclear factor-kB(NF-kB)p65,toll-like receptor 4(TLR-4),and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88(MyD88)in order to clarify their mechanisms of action in the management of epilepsy.Methods:A total of 40 SD rats were randomly assigned to one of five groups:blank,model,NGF model,MSI model,and NGF+MSI model.Epileptic rat models were induced through intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride and pilocarpine solution.The rats'body mass and behavioral traits were subsequently observed.The Western blotting technique was utilized to detect the levels of NF-kB p65,TLR-4,and MyD88.Results:The findings indicated a more pronounced increase in body mass among the four groups prior to sacrifice,as compared to the model group.Notably,the NGF+MSI model group exhibited significant enhancements in food intake,activity,and body weight.The frequency of seizures in NGF group,MSI group,and NGF+MSI group were(5.33±1.15),(4.33±1.03),and(2.66±1.33)times/7 d,respectively,with neuronal apoptosis rates being(23.17±2.91),(21.38±3.07),(18.19±2.14)%times/7 d,respectively,which were lower than those in the model group.The levels of NF-kB p56,TLR-4,and MyD88 in the hippocampus were reduced in the model group compared to the three treatment groups.Furthermore,the expression levels in the NGF+MSI model group closely resembled those in the control group(P>0.05).Conclusion:Thorough examination revealed that NGF and MSI,either individually or in conjunction,were capable of suppressing the activation of the NF-kB pathway and enhancing the TLR-4/MyD88 signaling pathway to exert an antiepileptic influence.Furthermore,the combined administration of NGF and MSI demonstrated greater efficacy in safeguarding hippocampal neurons in epileptic rats.
文摘Background Neurone atrophy and loss are major causes of chronic neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Despite many pharmacotherapies for neurodegeneration, there are no accepted treatments. We investigated the feasibility of human nerve growth factor β (hNGFβ) gene expression mediated by recombinant adeno-associated viruses type-2 (rAAV-2) vector in the central nervous system (CNS) after blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption.Methods rAAV-2 containing hNGFβ gene was constructed. The ability of hNGFβ gene mediated by rAAV-2 vector (rAAV-2/hNGFβ) to transfect cells in vitro was confirmed by both ELISA and bioassay of hNGFβ in the culture supernatant of BHK-21 cells infected by rAAV-2/hNGFβ. rAAV-2/hNGFβ and rAAV-2/green fluorescence protein (GFP) were administrated separately to rat brains through internal carotid intubation after BBB disruption with hypertonic mannitol. Brain hNGFβ concentration was measured by ELISA and GFP in brain sections was examined by laser scan confocal microscope.Results After 48 hours, hNGFβ content in supernatant was up to (188.0±28.6) pg/ml when BHK-21 cells were infected by rAAV-2/hNGFβ at multiplicity of infection (MOI)1.0×106 vector genome. Neurone fibre outgrowths were obvious in dorsal root ganglion neurone assays by adding serum free culture medium harvested from BHK-21 cells exposed to rAAV-2/hNGFβ. Whole brain hNGFβ content in rAAV-2/hNGFβ transferred group was up to (636.2±140.6) pg/ml. hNGFβ content of BBB disruption in rAAV-2/hNGFβ infused group increased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.05). GFP expression was clearly observed in brain sections of rAAV-2/GFP transferred group.Conclusion rAAV-2/hNGFβ successfully expresses in the CNS after BBB disruption induced by hypertonic mannitol.