NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE KUROSHIO USING NESTED MODEL OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL BAROCLINIC CIRCULATION

As a western boundary current, the Kuroshio is closely related to the large scale oceanic circulation and at the same time, is greatly influenced by the local topography because of its narrow width. Numerical studies of the Kuroshio are usually confined to portions of it in different geographical regions since the computer execution time required to run a numerical model of the Pacific using a sufficiently fine grid to resolve adequately the flow structure of the Kuroshio is enormous. In order to circumvent the problems of multiple spatial scales and consistent boundary conditions, nested models are employed in which a coarse grid model of the Pacific is used to supply the open boundary conditions for a finer grid model of the northwestern Pacific to simulate the flow and temperature fields of the Kuroshio in summer and winter. The major features of the Kuroshio have in general been successfully simulated by the nested models.

Effects of Nested Area Size upon Regional Climate Model Simulations

This paper presents a numerical study on the 1998 summer rainfall over the Yangtze River valley in central and eastern China, addressing effect of a nested area size on simulations in terms of the technique of nesting a regional climate model (RCM) upon a general circulation model (GCM). Evidence suggests that the size exerts greater impacts upon regional climate of the country, revealing that a larger nested size is superior to a small one for simulation in mitigating errors of GCM-provided lateral boundary forcing. Also, simulations show that the RCM should incorporate regions of climate systems of great importance into study and a low-resolution GCM yields more pronounced errors as a rule when used in the research of the Tibetan Plateau, and, in contrast, our PσRCM can do a good job in describing the plateau’s role in a more realistic and accurate way. It is for this reason that the tableland should be included in the nested area when the RCM is employed to investigate the regional climate. Our PσRCM nesting upon a GCM reaches more realistic results compared to a single GCM used.

HABITAT SUITABILITY INDEX MODELS: GREY HERON NESTING IN ZHALONG NATIONAL NATURE RESERVE

Grey heron (Ardea cimerca) is one kind of the great birds which are often seen in the northeast marsh area of P.R.China, and there are many grey herons to reproduce in Zhalong Nature Reserve from March to August annually. In this paper, through the inveingation of the grey herons nesting habitat and according to the water depth, vegetation type, cover density and plan heigh of the nesting place, the grey heron’s nesting habitat suitability index medes are established. The main model is s=(s1xs2xs3xs4)1/4,where s1 is the water depth suitability index, s2 is the vegetation type suitability index, s3 is the cover density index, sa is the plant height suitability index. These models provide a kind of reliable method for evaluating the habitat quality of the grey heron’s nesting.

A BOUNDARY NESTING SCHEME OF LIMITED AREA MODEL NESTED WITH GLOBAL MODEL FOR FORECASTING TROPICAL CYCLONE OVER SOUTH CHINA SEA

Today, the nested model is used widely. The effect and role of each nested variate is analyzed in this paper. It is found that the forecast could benefit by nesting part of the variates and the effect of each of the variates may be different. Therefore, only the effectual variates are chosen for the nesting. According to this finding, a scheme is suggested and applied to the limited area mode (TL10) nested with global spectral mode (T63) for forecasting tropical cyclones over the South China Sea. A few numerical prediction tests show that this scheme is reasonable and efficient.

A Bogus Typhoon Scheme and Its Application to a Movable Nested Mesh Model

A bogus typhoon scheme,designed for the initialization of a typhoon track prediction model,is developed in thispaper.This scheme includes both effects of axisymmetric wind and asymmetric wind.Experimental forecasts using atwo-way interactive movable nested mesh model show that the forecast skill of typhoon tracks has clearly improvedafter introducing the bogus typhoon into the initial fields.

Climate Simulations Based on a Different-GridNested and Coupled Model

An atmosphere-vegetation interaction model (AVIM) has been coupled with a nine-layer General Cir culation Model (GCM) of Institute of Atmospheic Physics / State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (IAP/ LASG), which is rhomboidally truncated at zonal wave number 15, to simulate global climatic mean states. AVIM is a model having inter-feedback between land surface processes and eco-physiological processes on land. As the first step to couple land with atmosphere completely, the physiological processes are fixed and only the physical part (generally named the SVAT (soil-vegetation-atmosphere-transfer scheme) model) of AVIM is nested into IAP/ LASG L9R15 GCM. The ocean part of GCM is prescribed and its monthly sea surface temperature (SST) is the climatic mean value. With respect to the low resolution of GCM, i.e., each grid cell having lon gitude 7.5?and latitude 4.5? the vegetation is given a high resolution of 1.5?by 1.5?to nest and couple the fine grid cells of land with the coarse grid cells of atmosphere. The coupling model has been integrated for 15 years and its last ten-year mean of outputs was chosen for analysis.Compared with observed data and NCEP reanalysis, the coupled model simulates the main characteris tics of global atmospheric circulation and the fields of temperature and moisture. In particular, the simu lated precipitation and surface air temperature have sound results. The work creates a solid base on coupling climate models with the biosphere.

Impact of Large Fresh Water Discharges into Hakata Bay Due to Torrential Rain Using Nested Two-Dimensional Convective-Dispersive Model

In this study, numerical simulation of a two-dimensional convective-dispersive model in Hakata Bay, Japan, is performed to analyze the impact of major river discharges due to torrential rain in Fukuoka City. Tank models are applied to calculate river discharges, which are taken into consideration as river inflow in the hydrodynamic model of Hakata Bay. A two-way nesting “edge” technique is developed and applied in the model in order to consider the influence of narrow and complex geographical features. The area around “Island City” and Imazu Bay are calculated in high resolution. The resulting model has high reproducibility since the calculated river discharges, tidal current, and salinity show good agreement with observed data. To analyze the impact of large river discharges, the calculation period is set from 11 September 2002 to 21 September 2002 since there was torrential rain on September 16 in the given year in Fukuoka City (163.5 mm/d). The results show that low-salinity water covered the whole of the inner part of Hakata Bay, and water of lower salinity than outer sea water (<34.0 psu) spread out to the bay’s mouth two days after the torrential rain event. Fresh water covered the entire area of Imazu Bay and flowed out from the mouth of the Bay after the torrential rain event. The behavior of fresh water after a few days of torrential rain was remarkably different from normal discharge river flow. These results indicate that the environment in Imazu Bay can be degraded severely by torrential rain. Therefore, countermeasures to protect ecosystems in Hakata Bay must be examined immediately.

A Regional Spectral Nested Multilevel Primitive Equation Model

By means of vertical normal modes a regional nested multilevel primitive equation model can be reduced to several sets of shallow water equations characterized by various equivalent depths. Therefore, time integration of the model in spectral form can be performed in the manner similar to those used in the spectral nested shallow water equation model case.

A Regional Spectral Nested Shallow Water Equation Model

A method to expand meteorological elements in terms of finite double Fourier series in a limited-region and a spectral nested shallow water equation model based upon the method with conformal map projection in rectangular coordinates, have been proposed, and computational stability and efficiency of time integration have been discussed.

A TWO-WAY INTERACTIVE MOVABLE NESTED MESH MODEL FOR TYPHOON TRACK PREDICTION

ＡＴＷＯ－ＷＡＹＩＮＴＥＲＡＣＴＩＶＥＭＯＶＡＢＬＥＮＥＳＴＥＤＭＥＳＨＭＯＤＥＬＦＯＲＴＹＰＨＯＯＮＴＲＡＣＫＰＲＥＤＩＣＴＩＯＮＷａｎｇＧｕｏｍｉｎ（王国民）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＵｎｉｖ...

数字经济对制造业绿色转型的空间溢出效应

制造业绿色转型是高质量发展的重要环节,而数字经济的蓬勃发展为其提供了新动力。该研究以中国277个城市2011—2021年的平衡面板数据为研究样本,利用包含非期望产出的超效率SBM模型测算城市层面的制造业绿色转型成效,并基于熵权法测度城市层面数字经济指数,而后运用广义嵌套空间模型实证分析数字经济对制造业绿色转型的影响。得到基本结论后,进一步应用中介效应模型以及两区制空间计量模型深入分析数字经济作用于制造业绿色转型的中介机制和调节因素。研究结果表明:①中国城市间的制造业绿色转型呈现出空间聚集特征,具体表现为虹吸效应,即一个城市制造业绿色转型不利于其周围城市的制造业绿色转型。②数字经济不仅显著促进本城市的制造业绿色转型,也会促进其周围城市的制造业绿色转型,这一结论经过一系列内生性与稳健性检验后依然成立。③机制分析发现,数字经济对制造业绿色转型的促进作用经由促进绿色技术创新、优化资源配置效率和提高绿色信贷3个途径发生。④调节因素分析表明,数字经济与制造业绿色转型之间的关系受到能源效率的调节,较低的能源效率削弱了数字经济的作用。该研究从资源和信贷方面完善了数字经济-制造业绿色转型关系中的理论机制,并从能源方面探究该关系中的调节因素,其空间计量模型也全面考虑了地理因素和经济因素造成的空间相关性。基于研究结果,该研究提出了加快数字经济发展、提高能源效率、加快绿色技术创新、提升资源配置效率并优化绿色信贷的相关建议。

A baroclinic typhoon model with a moving multi-nested grid and variational adjustment initialisationI. Numerical method

A baroclinic typhoon model with a moving multi--nested grid is applied in marine environmental forecasts. This paper describes the numerical methods of the model including governing equations, finite differencing, split scheme and time integration.

考虑健康信念的游客分时预约行为分析

为探索新冠肺炎疫情背景下景区分时预约策略、游客健康信念和风险预防行为之间的关系,需考虑健康信念,分析疫情防控期间游客分时预约行为机理。采用意愿调查法获取旅游信息、健康信念、分时预约行为意向数据,分析各预约时段余票比例和门票预售期等信息对游客分时预约行为的影响。基于Nested Logit(NL)模型,建立考虑健康信念的游客游玩日期-时段预约选择联合模型,并进行敏感性分析。结果表明:预约信息、健康信念对游客预约节假日或非节假日游玩有显著影响;票价、各预约时段余票比例和健康信念对游客游玩时段预约选择行为有显著影响。游客感知新冠的严重性由1上升至5时,选择节假日出行的概率由30.46%下降至12.28%。研究可为景区分时预约策略的制定提供参考依据。

重大节假日出行方式选择模型研究

为优化节假日高速公路免费政策,选取出行者变量、出行方式相关变量和行程特性变量作为效用变量,构建了出行方式位于上层、出行距离位于下层的NL模型。利用弧弹性法分析不同收费标准和收费里程条件下出行者的行为特性,并利用场景仿真评价多种收费组合对出行方式的影响。研究结果表明:提高收费标准,汽车出行比例会显著降低,且高速铁路承担了大部分的转移交通量。随着收费里程的增加,出行者逐渐倾向于出行成本较小的普通铁路。对长距离出行收费可以提升公共交通分担率,缓解节假日高速公路的交通拥堵。

农村养老服务政策的多层次嵌套组合研究

厘清农村养老服务的政策设计逻辑有助于完善政策内容、推动老龄事业高质量发展。政策设计的多层次嵌套模型为相关政策的系统分析提供了理论视角。借助该模型,选取23份国家级和30份省级相关政策文本,将其政策目标和政策方法置于宏观、中观和微观三个层面内进行嵌套分析。研究结果显示,我国农村养老服务政策设计遵循“宏观治理安排-中观政策制度设计-微观操作性计划”这一多层次嵌套逻辑,即政策目标和政策方法两个维度在宏观、中观、微观三个层面中相互支撑,共同构成农村养老服务供给的政策体系。未来需要从出台农村养老服务专项政策、完善多层次政策目标、组合应用多种政策工具、宏观调配养老服务资源等方面推进农村养老服务供给。

复杂环境下输电线路鸟巢目标图像检测模型

为了解决复杂环境下电力巡检无人机对输电线路鸟巢识别精度低、错检漏检率高、定位不准等问题,在YOLOv5s模型的基础上,提出一种用于输电线路鸟巢目标检测的改进YOLO-nc-kd模型。设计一种高效的多尺度卷积特征融合模块(MCFFM),实现不同尺度下的高效特征提取,使模型能获得更加丰富和多样化的特征表示。引入注意力机制,提升主干网络在相似环境背景下的鸟巢特征提取能力。设计改进的定位损失函数,提高边界框的定位精度和小目标检测能力。使用知识蒸馏技术,进一步提升模型精度。实验结果表明,改进YOLO-nc-kd模型的准确率、召回率以及平均精度均值(m AP)相较于YOLOv5s模型分别提升了7.3、5.6、4.9个百分点,具有较好的输电线路鸟巢目标图像检测效果。

基于BIM技术的福州市连江县仁坂黄家祖厝建模研究

文章运用三维激光技术对福州市连江县仁坂黄家祖厝进行数据收集,对建筑要素进行系统性梳理,利用BIM技术的“族嵌套”方式构建“族”库以及可视化建筑信息模型。将BIM技术与福州古厝结合,为福州古厝保护研究工作提供了新的方式。仁坂黄家祖厝模型建立对福州其余古厝保护研究工作有着巨大的参考价值。

嵌套集合建模能力和数字表征对儿童贝叶斯推理的影响

为进一步探讨数字表征对贝叶斯推理的影响,特别是自然频数促进效应的作用机制,以285名小学生为被试,考察不同嵌套集合建模能力儿童在解决三种数字表征的贝叶斯推理问题时的表现。结果发现:(1)具有高嵌套集合建模能力的儿童能更好地解决贝叶斯推理问题;(2)相比于概率和几率格式,儿童在自然频数格式下的推理表现更好;(3)概率格式下高低嵌套集合建模能力被试的推理表现无差异,但在自然频数和几率格式下,高嵌套集合建模能力被试的推理成绩好于低嵌套集合能力被试。这表明在适当的数字表征下,嵌套集合建模能力是影响儿童进行贝叶斯推理的关键因素。

基于连续提示注入与指针网络的农业病害命名实体识别

针对农业病害领域命名实体识别过程中存在的预训练语言模型利用不充分、外部知识注入利用率低、嵌套命名实体识别率低的问题,本文提出基于连续提示注入和指针网络的命名实体识别模型CP-MRC(Continuous prompts for machine reading comprehension)。该模型引入BERT(Bidirectional encoder representation from transformers)预训练模型,通过冻结BERT模型原有参数,保留其在预训练阶段获取到的文本表征能力;为了增强模型对领域数据的适用性,在每层Transformer中插入连续可训练提示向量;为提高嵌套命名实体识别的准确性,采用指针网络抽取实体序列。在自建农业病害数据集上开展了对比实验,该数据集包含2933条文本语料,8个实体类型,共10414个实体。实验结果显示,CP-MRC模型的精确率、召回率、F1值达到83.55%、81.4%、82.4%,优于其他模型;在病原、作物两类嵌套实体的识别率较其他模型F1值提升3个百分点和13个百分点,嵌套实体识别率明显提升。本文提出的模型仅采用少量可训练参数仍然具备良好识别性能,为较大规模预训练模型在信息抽取任务上的应用提供了思路。

汽车故障知识图谱构建及应用研究

知识图谱技术对汽车高效的故障诊断具有重要的意义,现有汽车故障知识图谱构建存在着实体识别模型效果不佳、无法解决嵌套实体等问题。针对上述问题,通过采用全词掩码的预训练语义模型、加入对抗训练和改进嵌套实体识别模型的方式提高实体识别模型效果,提出了一种改进的嵌套实体识别模型。实验结果表明,所提模型F1值(F_(1))、精确率(P)和召回率(R)相比基线模型分别提高了3.56%、4.08%、3.05%,相比其他模型也有不同程度的提高,验证了所提模型对汽车维修领域实体识别具有显著效果。同时,基于构建的汽车故障知识图谱,实现了汽车故障知识智能问答原型系统,展示了知识图谱技术在汽车故障诊断与维护领域的应用前景。