Identifying the main factors on spatial diff erences in net growth rate of Yesso scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)in culture system is the key to eff ective aquaculture management and development.Coupling a 3D ecosyste...Identifying the main factors on spatial diff erences in net growth rate of Yesso scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)in culture system is the key to eff ective aquaculture management and development.Coupling a 3D ecosystem model(ROMS-CoSiNE)with a dynamic energy budget model for scallops,a Yesso scallop culture ecosystem(YeSCE)model was established with which scallop growth was simulated with real seeding density and juvenile size from local aquaculture experiments from December 1,2012 to November 30,2013.Results show that the YeSCE model has reasonably simulated the environmental variation and scallop net growth rate in the Changhai sea area.The growth of scallops was slow in winter and midsummer and was limited mainly by temperature.Food availability was a key factor that contributed to the fast growth of the scallops during spring to early summer and in autumn.Generally,the scallops cultured in the north part of the Changhai sea area grew faster than those in the south;and the net growth rate for scallops cultured near the island was signifi cantly higher compare to the others,which is probably correlated to the spatial distribution of food availability.Based on the correlation analysis,the spatial diff erences of the net growth rate were largely aff ected by the length of the match timing of temperatures and food availability.The results of this study provide a scientifi c support for optimizing bottom culture planning and adjusting bottom culture methods.展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical, physiological and morphological responses of sugarcane to iso- osmotic salt and water-deficit stress. Disease-free sugarcane plantlets derived from meristem cu...The aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical, physiological and morphological responses of sugarcane to iso- osmotic salt and water-deficit stress. Disease-free sugarcane plantlets derived from meristem cuttings were photo- autotrophically grown in MS media and subsequently exposed to -0.23 (control), -0.67 or -1.20 MPa iso-osmotic NaCl (salt stress) or mannitol (water-deficit stress). Chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), total carotenoids (Cx+c), maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), photon yield of PSII (ΦPSII), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (E) in the stressed plantlets were significantly reduced when compared to those of plantlets of the control group (without mannitol or NaCl), leading to net-photosynthetic rate (Pn) and growth reduction with positive correlation. In addition, physiological changes and growth parameters of plantlets in the salt stress conditions were more sharply reduced than those in waterdeficit stress conditions. On the other hand, the proline content and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in the leaves of stressed plantlets increased significantly, especially in response to iso-osmotic salt stress. The chlorophyll pigments in iso-osmotic stressed leaves were significantly degraded (r^2 = 0.93), related to low water oxidation (r^2 = 0.87), low net- photosynthetic rate (r^2 = 0.81), and growth reduction (r^2 = 0.97). The multivariate biochemical, physiological and growth parameters in the present study should be further used to develop salt, or drought, tolerance indices in sugarcane breeding programs.展开更多
In many countries cacao (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Theobroma cacao</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.) is invariably grown as an...In many countries cacao (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Theobroma cacao</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.) is invariably grown as an understory crop in agroforestry types of cropping systems and subjected to low levels photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) due to presence of large number of upper story shade trees with poorly managed canopy structure. In recent years carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is steadily increasing and it is unclear what impact this will have on performance of cacao grown under shade of upper story shade trees. A climatically controlled greenhouse experiment was undertaken to evaluate the effects of ambient and elevated carbon dioxide (400 and 700 μmol·mol</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and three levels of PPFD (100, 200, and 400 μmol·m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">·s</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) on growth, and macro- and micronutrient use efficiency of three genetically contrasting cacao genotypes (CCN 51, VB 1117 and NO 81). Intraspecific variations were observed in cacao genotypes for growth parameters at ambient to elevated carbon dioxide and low to adequate levels of PPFD. With the exceptions of total root length and leaf area, irrespective of carbon dioxide and PPFD levels, all three genotypes showed significant differences in all the growth parameters. For all the cacao genotypes, increasing PPFD from 100 to 400 μmol·m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">·s</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and carbon dioxide from 400 to 700 μmol·mol</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> increased overall growth parameters such as leaf, shoot and root biomass accumulation, stem height, leaf area, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Irrespective of carbon dioxide and PPFD, invariably genotypes differed significantly in macro-micronutrient uptake parameters such as concentration, uptake, influx, transport and use efficiency. With few exceptions, raising PPFD from 100 to 400 μmol·m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">·s</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and carbon dioxide from 400 to 700 μmol·mol</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> increased nutrient use efficiency for all the cacao genotypes. Elevated carbon dioxide and adequate PPFD are benefi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cial in improving cacao growth and mineral nutrient uptake and use efficiency.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFC1404403,2016YFC1401602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41806018)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA23050502)。
文摘Identifying the main factors on spatial diff erences in net growth rate of Yesso scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)in culture system is the key to eff ective aquaculture management and development.Coupling a 3D ecosystem model(ROMS-CoSiNE)with a dynamic energy budget model for scallops,a Yesso scallop culture ecosystem(YeSCE)model was established with which scallop growth was simulated with real seeding density and juvenile size from local aquaculture experiments from December 1,2012 to November 30,2013.Results show that the YeSCE model has reasonably simulated the environmental variation and scallop net growth rate in the Changhai sea area.The growth of scallops was slow in winter and midsummer and was limited mainly by temperature.Food availability was a key factor that contributed to the fast growth of the scallops during spring to early summer and in autumn.Generally,the scallops cultured in the north part of the Changhai sea area grew faster than those in the south;and the net growth rate for scallops cultured near the island was signifi cantly higher compare to the others,which is probably correlated to the spatial distribution of food availability.Based on the correlation analysis,the spatial diff erences of the net growth rate were largely aff ected by the length of the match timing of temperatures and food availability.The results of this study provide a scientifi c support for optimizing bottom culture planning and adjusting bottom culture methods.
基金funded by the Mitr Phol Sugarcane Research Center,Thailand(BT-B-03-PT-BC-4930)supported by the National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology,Thailand (BIOTEC) (BT-B-02-RG-BC-4905)
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical, physiological and morphological responses of sugarcane to iso- osmotic salt and water-deficit stress. Disease-free sugarcane plantlets derived from meristem cuttings were photo- autotrophically grown in MS media and subsequently exposed to -0.23 (control), -0.67 or -1.20 MPa iso-osmotic NaCl (salt stress) or mannitol (water-deficit stress). Chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), total carotenoids (Cx+c), maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), photon yield of PSII (ΦPSII), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (E) in the stressed plantlets were significantly reduced when compared to those of plantlets of the control group (without mannitol or NaCl), leading to net-photosynthetic rate (Pn) and growth reduction with positive correlation. In addition, physiological changes and growth parameters of plantlets in the salt stress conditions were more sharply reduced than those in waterdeficit stress conditions. On the other hand, the proline content and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in the leaves of stressed plantlets increased significantly, especially in response to iso-osmotic salt stress. The chlorophyll pigments in iso-osmotic stressed leaves were significantly degraded (r^2 = 0.93), related to low water oxidation (r^2 = 0.87), low net- photosynthetic rate (r^2 = 0.81), and growth reduction (r^2 = 0.97). The multivariate biochemical, physiological and growth parameters in the present study should be further used to develop salt, or drought, tolerance indices in sugarcane breeding programs.
文摘In many countries cacao (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Theobroma cacao</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.) is invariably grown as an understory crop in agroforestry types of cropping systems and subjected to low levels photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) due to presence of large number of upper story shade trees with poorly managed canopy structure. In recent years carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is steadily increasing and it is unclear what impact this will have on performance of cacao grown under shade of upper story shade trees. A climatically controlled greenhouse experiment was undertaken to evaluate the effects of ambient and elevated carbon dioxide (400 and 700 μmol·mol</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and three levels of PPFD (100, 200, and 400 μmol·m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">·s</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) on growth, and macro- and micronutrient use efficiency of three genetically contrasting cacao genotypes (CCN 51, VB 1117 and NO 81). Intraspecific variations were observed in cacao genotypes for growth parameters at ambient to elevated carbon dioxide and low to adequate levels of PPFD. With the exceptions of total root length and leaf area, irrespective of carbon dioxide and PPFD levels, all three genotypes showed significant differences in all the growth parameters. For all the cacao genotypes, increasing PPFD from 100 to 400 μmol·m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">·s</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and carbon dioxide from 400 to 700 μmol·mol</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> increased overall growth parameters such as leaf, shoot and root biomass accumulation, stem height, leaf area, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Irrespective of carbon dioxide and PPFD, invariably genotypes differed significantly in macro-micronutrient uptake parameters such as concentration, uptake, influx, transport and use efficiency. With few exceptions, raising PPFD from 100 to 400 μmol·m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">·s</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and carbon dioxide from 400 to 700 μmol·mol</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> increased nutrient use efficiency for all the cacao genotypes. Elevated carbon dioxide and adequate PPFD are benefi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cial in improving cacao growth and mineral nutrient uptake and use efficiency.