Genome-wide identification,characterization and functional prediction of the SRS gene family in sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)

Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)is an ancient oilseed crop of the Pedaliaceae family with high oil content and potential health benefits.SHI RELATED SEQUENCE(SRS)proteins are the transcription factors(TFs)specific to plants that contain RING-like zinc finger domain and are associated with the regulation of several physiological and biochemical processes.They also play vital roles in plant growth and development such as root formation,leaf development,floral development,hormone biosynthesis,signal transduction,and biotic and abiotic stress responses.Nevertheless,the SRS gene family was not reported in sesame yet.In this study,identification,molecular characterization,phylogenetic relationship,cis-acting regulatory elements,protein-protein interaction,syntenic relationship,duplication events and expression pattern of SRS genes were analyzed in S.indicum.We identified total six SiSRS genes on seven different linkage groups in the S.indicum genome by comparing with the other species,including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.The SiSRS genes showed variation in their structure like2–5 exons and 1–4 introns.Like other species,SiSRS proteins also contained‘RING-like zinc finger'and‘LRP1'domains.Then,the SiSRS genes were clustered into subclasses via phylogenetic analysis with proteins of S.indicum,A.thaliana,and some other plant species.The cis-acting regulatory elements analysis revealed that the promoter region of SiSRS4(SIN_1011561)showed the highest 13 and 16 elements for light-and phytohormone-responses whereas,SiSRS1(SIN_1015187)showed the highest 15 elements for stress-response.The ABREs,or ABA-responsive elements,were found in a maximum of 8 copies in the SiSRS3(SIN 1009100).Moreover,the available RNA-seq based expression of SiSRS genes revealed variation in expression patterns between stress-treated and non-treated samples,especially in drought and salinity conditions in.S.indicum.Two SiSRS genes like SiSRS1(SIN_1015187)and SiSRS5(SIN_1021065),also exhibited variable expression patterns between control vs PEG-treated sesame root samples and three SiSRS genes,including SiSRS1(SIN_1015187),SiSRS2(SIN_1003328)and SiSRS5(SIN_1021065)were responsive to salinity treatments.The present outcomes will encourage more research into the gene expression and functionality analysis of SiSRS genes in S.indicum and other related species.

Molluscicidal Activity of Nerium indicum Mill,Pterocarya stenoptera DC,and Rumex japonicum Houtt on Oncomelania hupensis

Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal activities of three Chinese plants N. indicum Mill, P. stenoptera DC, and R. japonicum Houtt, and to clarify the molluscicidal mechanism. Methods N-butanol extracts and water extracts of the three plants were obtained. The reactions of EST isozyme, glycogen and total protein of snails to the plant extracts were studied. Results EST electrophoresis showed that EST was an important antidotal enzyme system and reacted strongly to environment EST changed greatly during the whole exposure period so that it could be viewed as a pathological index of toxicity. Extracts decreased the glycogen content of the snails＇ soft tissues greatly, and also the protein content. ConcIusion All extracts show strong molluscicidal activity. The LD50 value of the water extract of N. indicum Mill is as low as 13.2 mg/L. EST can be viewed as a pathological index of toxicity. The energy metabolism abnormity is the key reason fnr the molluscicidal activities. The biochemical mechanism needs further research.

Antioxidant lignans sesamin and sesamolin in sesame(Sesamum indicum L.):a comprehensive review and future prospects

Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)is a significantly lucrative cash crop for millions of small-holder farmers.Its seeds are an important source of a highly appreciated vegetable oil globally and two clinically essential antioxidant lignans,sesamin and sesamolin.Accordingly,many countries import millions of tons of sesame seed every year.The demand for lignan-rich sesame seeds has been increasing in recent years due to the continuous discovery of several pharmacological attributes of sesamin and sesamolin.To meet this demand,the sesame breeder’s primary objective is to release sesame cultivars that are enriched in oil and lignans.Thus,it is necessary to summarize the information related to the sesamin and sesamolin contents in sesame in order to promote the joint efforts of specialized research teams on this important oilseed crop.In this article,we present the current knowledge on the sesamin and sesamolin contents in S.indicum L.with respect to the updated biosynthesis pathway,associated markers,governing loci,available variability in sesame germplasm,the in planta potential roles of these compounds in sesame,and the newly discovered pharmacological attributes.In addition,we propose and discuss some required studies that might facilitate genomics-assisted breeding of high lignan content sesame varieties.

神农香菊R2R3-MYB转录因子CiMYB4在镉胁迫中的功能分析

为探究CiMYB4在镉胁迫下的功能,以课题组已获得的过表达CiMYB4烟草(CiMYB4-S)、野菊(CiMYB4-OE)和抑制表达野菊(CiMYB4-Ri)为材料,在镉胁迫条件下分别测定其生长相关指标、抗氧化酶活性、光合指标、地上部及根系的镉含量,并对耐镉相关基因PCS1、GSH1、ABCC1、HMA3的表达模式进行分析。研究结果表明:镉处理后,CiMYB4-S和CiMYB4-OE株系的根长、茎粗、株高和叶长、叶宽显著大于野生型对照(WT)株系,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著增强,叶片的光合能力和叶绿素含量显著增加,具有更强的镉富集和转运能力。同时,耐镉相关基因PCS1、GSH1、HMA3的表达水平显著提高;而CiMYB4-Ri株系的株高、地上部干重显著小于WT株系,MDA含量显著增加,SOD、POD、CAT活性显著降低,叶片的光合能力和叶绿素含量显著降低,镉富集和转运能力减弱。同时,耐镉相关基因PCS1、GSH1、HMA3的表达水平显著降低。上述结果表明CiMYB4能提高烟草和野菊对镉的耐受性。

野菊花水提物对RAW264.7炎症细胞模型的抗炎作用及其机制

目的建立以脂多糖(LPS)诱导的RAW 264.7巨噬细胞为模型,探讨野菊花提取液(CID)通过核转录因子(NF-κB)信号通路发挥抗炎活性的作用及其分子机制。方法以噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测不同浓度CID对RAW 264.7巨噬细胞活性的影响以筛选适宜的实验浓度;分别采用Griess法和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定50、100、200μg·mL^(-1) CID干预后各组细胞中一氧化氮(NO)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的释放量;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)分析各组中环氧合酶-2(COX-2)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)mRNA的相对表达水平;免疫印迹实验(WB)观察各组中nuclear factor-kappa B p65(NF-κB p65)、inhibitor kappa B(IκB-α)和磷酸化IκB-α(p-IκB-α)的蛋白表达。结果50~200μg·mL^(-1)的CID可显著降低LPS诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞中NO、TNF-α和IL-6的生成量(P<0.01),并能下调COX-2和iNOX mRNA的相对表达(P<0.01)、下调p-IκB-α、总的NF-κB p65、细胞核NF-κB p65的蛋白相对含量(P<0.01),并上调IκB-α、细胞质NF-κB p65的相对含量(P<0.01)。结论CID可有效降低LPS诱导RAW 264.7巨噬细胞的炎症因子释放,其机制可能与通过减少TNF-α等关键蛋白表达以及通过抑制NF-κB等炎症信号通路激活来抑制炎症发生有关。

神农香菊CibHLH1的鉴定及对光合特性的影响

bHLH家族是植物中第二大转录因子家族,对植物的生长发育、次生代谢和环境胁迫应答都起着重要的作用。本研究以神农香菊叶片cDNA为模板克隆了CibHLH1的全长序列,该基因全长738 bp,开放阅读框为630 bp。多序列比对分析及系统进化树结果表明,CibHLH1与菊花的CmbHLH1同源性最高。不同组织部位的荧光定量数据显示该基因在花中表达量最高,在根中表达量最低,亚细胞定位结果显示该基因定位在细胞核中。为进一步研究CibHLH1的功能,通过叶盘法将其转化烟草,发现过表达CibHLH1烟草叶片黄化,测定叶绿素含量发现,叶绿素a、叶绿素b及总叶绿素含量均显著降低。测定转基因烟草的光响应曲线及光合生理指标,结果表明过表达CibHLH1降低了烟草的最大净光合速率、表观量子效率、光饱和点和水分利用率,但其蒸腾速率、气孔导度和光补偿点均增加。综上所述,CibHLH1能够通过降低光合色素的含量而影响植物的光合能力。

干燥方法对印度块菌(Tuber indicum)品质的影响

为了解不同干燥方法对印度块菌干后品质及微观结构的影响,本研究采用热风干燥、真空冷冻干燥方法对印度块菌进行处理,以感官品质(色泽、质构)、复水特性、营养成分(还原糖、总蛋白、维生素C、总黄酮)及微观结构为评价指标,评价干燥方法对印度块菌品质的影响,并利用低场核磁共振技术研究干燥处理期间水分的迁移率和分布。结果表明,与热风干燥比,真空冷冻干燥产品L~*高,a~*低,能够较好维持产品色泽,热风干燥产品褐变严重,且真空冷冻干燥产品硬度低,脆性高。真空冷冻干燥产品复水比及复水速率显著高于热风干燥产品(P<0.05),干燥10 min后,冷冻干燥复水比值为3.00,显著高于热风干燥(2.26)(P<0.05),冷冻干燥复水速率(0.30 min^-1)显著高于热风干燥(0.22 min^-1)(P<0.05)。与新鲜样品比,两种干燥产品中总蛋白含量无显著变化,维生素C、还原糖及总黄酮保留量显著降低(P<0.05);与热风干燥产品比,真空冷冻干燥产品维生素C、还原糖及总黄酮保留量显著高于热风干燥产品(P<0.05)。低场核磁共振分析表明,冷冻干燥组T23水分信号强度衰减速率高于热风干燥组,说明真空冷冻干燥效率更高。扫描电镜观察微观结构发现热风干燥产品细胞组织收缩、塌陷且结构很致密,真空冷冻干燥产品呈现多孔结构。综合分析,干燥对印度块菌干制品的营养及品质影响较大,真空冷冻干燥更适合印度块菌产品的干燥加工,本研究为提高印度块菌干制品加工品质提供理论依据。

芝麻（Sesamum indicum L．）根系的解剖结构与耐涝强度的相关性研究

本文用常规石蜡切片法观察了耐涝芝麻品种根系与怕涝芝麻品种根系解剖结构的区别。用改良的丹尼管法测量了芝麻茎叶部分向根系输送氧气的数量，探讨了芝麻的抗涝机理。研究结果证明：耐涝芝麻品种根系具有皮层厚。皮层细胞呈柱状排列，皮层细胞间隙大等结构特征。当根系渍水时，耐涝芝麻品种的茎叶能向根系输送较多氧气，在一定程度上缓解了根系缺氧的状况。

烟盲蝽用芝麻饲养的效果及捕食能力评估

烟盲蝽Nesidiocoris tenuis是一种杂食性天敌昆虫。本研究通过比较芝麻饲养和补充烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci猎物饲养烟盲蝽的生物学特征,评估了用芝麻人工饲养烟盲蝽的饲养效果和该种群对自然猎物的捕食能力。结果显示,用芝麻饲养的烟盲蝽若虫发育历期较长,成虫后足胫节长度较小。然而,烟盲蝽的雌性比例、存活率、成虫生殖力以及对烟粉虱和烟蚜的捕食量没有显著差异。两个种群连续繁殖10代时,芝麻饲养的烟盲蝽种群的内禀增长率为0.2152,与补充猎物饲养的烟盲蝽种群的内禀增长率0.2398相近。以上结果表明,仅用芝麻提供营养可以进行烟盲蝽的人工饲养,并且这种方法为烟盲蝽的规模化饲养和基于芝麻种植的田间饲养模式的建立提供了参考依据。

盐胁迫下野菊离子的吸收转运情况及相关基因的表达

明确抗盐能力不同的野菊(Chrysanthemum indicum)株系在盐胁迫情况下的离子分布运输情况及相关基因的变化规律,从更深层次上认识野菊的抗盐机理。以前期筛选的2个高抗株系(H1、H2)、2个中抗株系(M1、M2)和2个低抗株系(L1、L2)的扦插苗为试验材料,置于含有NaCl(浓度为150 mmol/L)的霍格兰营养液中进行盐胁迫处理。测定6个离子指标(根、茎、叶的钠、钾离子的质量分数),并计算各株系中根、茎、叶钾钠离子质量分数比值(w(K^(+))∶w(Na^(+)))和不同部位离子选择性运输能力(S_((K^(+),Na^(+)))),分析盐胁迫对抗盐能力不同的野菊株系各部位离子质量分数、比例及运输情况的影响。采用生物信息学方法对野菊进行Na^(+)和H^(+)逆向转运蛋白基因(NHX)家族成员和高亲和性钾离子转运蛋白基因(HKT)的鉴定。并利用qRT-PCR技术,测定盐胁迫下抗盐能力不同的野菊株系在根、茎、叶中NHX、HKT基因不同时间点的表达水平。研究结果表明:与对照组相比,野菊各株系根、茎、叶的Na^(+)质量分数显著增加(P<0.05),K^(+)质量分数及w(K^(+))∶w(Na^(+))值均显著降低(P<0.05);多数情况下,野菊高、中抗株系各部位间的S_((K^(+),Na^(+)))值高于对照组。随着株系抗盐能力的降低,根、茎和叶中的Na^(+)质量分数呈持续上升趋势,而K^(+)质量分数及w(K^(+))∶w(Na^(+))值则呈持续下降趋势,各部位间的S_((K^(+),Na^(+)))值均呈现先升高后下降的趋势。共鉴定出6个野菊NHX家族成员(CiNHX1-6),1个野菊HKT基因(CiHKT1)。在盐胁迫后,野菊CiNHX2基因在高抗株系根部的表达上调幅度明显高于低抗株系,而该基因在H1、H2株系根、茎部中有着相同的表达模式。同样,CiNHX4基因在高抗株系根、叶部的相对表达量也大幅上调,该基因在H1、H2株系根、叶部中有着相同的表达模式。CiNHX1、CiNHX3、CiNHX5、CiNHX6在各株系的根、茎、叶中的表达水平并无显著变化,且总体上表达水平较低,其中CiNHX3在根部的表达量略高,CiNHX1、CiNHX6在叶部的表达量略高。野菊CiHKT1基因在根、叶部的表达受盐胁迫的影响较为明显,高抗株系的相对表达量上调幅度明显。野菊抗盐能力越强,其离子吸收、转运、分布情况受盐胁迫影响越小;盐胁迫下高抗株系能有效地外排Na^(+)并选择性地吸收K^(+),稳定体内的离子质量分数与分布;中抗株系受胁迫影响相对较大,但可以通过选择性运输K^(+)来防止Na^(+)的过量对地上部分造成毒害。CiNHX2、CiNHX4、CiHKT1与野菊株系抗盐能力强弱密切相关,是野菊抵御盐胁迫的关键基因。

Deletion of a 1,049 bp sequence from the 5′UTR upstream of the SiHEC3 gene induces a seed non-shattering mutation in sesame

Sesame is a labor intensive crop with limited mechanized harvesting mainly due to the seed shattering(SS)trait.In this study,we performed a genetic analysis of the seed-shattering resistance(SR)trait with a SR sesame mutant 12M07.Unlike the SS type,the parenchyma cells in the abscission zone of the 12M07 mutant are arranged loosely but adhere to the seed coat.Inheritance analysis of six generations derived from 12M07(SR)×Xiangcheng Dazibai(SS)showed that the SR trait is recessive and controlled by a single gene pair.Association mapping of the F2population with 888,619 variants(single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and insertion-deletion(InDels))and 31,884 structural variations(SVs)determined that only SV12002 in the 5′upstream region of gene Sindi0765000(named SiHEC3)in Chr.3 was significantly associated with the SR trait.SiHEC3 encodes the bHLH transcription factor.A 1,049 bp deletion occurred in the 5′UTR of Sihec3 in 12M07.SiHEC3 is mainly expressed in developing placental tissues,with the expression peaking in capsules at 45 days after pollination.A dual-luciferase reporter assay in tobacco confirmed that the promoter activity of Sihec3 was reduced because of the deletion of the 1,049 bp promoter sequence.Protein–protein interaction network analysis showed that HEC3 is co-expressed with nine key proteins,such as SHATTERPROOF1(SHP1)and SEEDSTICK(STK)which participate in the secondary wall biosynthesis of the abscission layer in plants.The findings of this study show the important function of Sihec3corresponding with the SR trait and supply the genetic information for breeding new varieties that are amenable to mechanized harvesting in sesame and other crops.

野菊中一个新的吉马烷型倍半萜

研究野菊Chrysanthemum indicum L.地上部分中萜类成分及其抗炎活性。采用MCI、ODS、SephadexLH-20凝胶柱色谱和pre-HPLC等方法分离纯化,再通过对其波谱数据分析鉴定化合物的结构。从野菊二氯甲烷提取物中分离纯化得到6个单体化合物,分别是chrygermalide A(1)、3β-hydroxy-oxo-7α,11β-germacra-4 Z,10(14)-diene-12,6α-olide(2)、deacetylherbolide A(3)、9β-hydroxy costunolide(4)、3β-hydroxycostunolide(5)、3β-hydroxy-11α,13-dihydrocos-tunolide(6)。其中化合物1为新化合物,2~6为首次从该属植物中分离得到。采用LPS诱导RAW 264.7巨噬细胞的炎症模型测试了化合物1~6的抗炎活性,其NO抑制率IC 50值在17.9~33.9μmol/L之间。

钾营养对花期干旱胁迫芝麻生长及叶片氮代谢的影响

为探究花期干旱胁迫下不同钾肥水平对芝麻(Sesamum indicum L.)生长和叶片氮代谢的影响,以及芝麻响应干旱胁迫的生理机制,以赣芝7号为试验材料,采用盆栽控水试验方法,设置3个钾肥水平(0、60、120 kg·hm^(-2);K_(2)O)和2个土壤水分处理(75%±5%和45%±5%田间持水量),对比不同钾肥水平下芝麻生长、氨基酸、可溶性蛋白含量、氮代谢酶活性等指标的差异。结果表明,干旱胁迫严重抑制芝麻生长,与正常灌水相比,干旱处理芝麻叶片相对含水量、株高、比叶重和叶绿素值分别平均下降8.2个百分点、23.5%、8.1%和6.6%。干旱导致芝麻叶片的氮代谢能力减弱,与正常灌水相比,干旱处理芝麻叶片的氮、钾、可溶性蛋白(SP)和氨基酸(AA)含量分别平均提高5.4%、10.6%、21.1%和52.7%,硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)活性分别平均下降11.3%和16.6%。干旱胁迫下,与不施钾相比,施钾使芝麻叶片相对含水量、株高、比叶重、叶绿素值、钾、氮含量分别提高3.3~7.2个百分点、20.9%~39.0%、3.2%~5.5%、1.0%~4.5%、14.8%~19.6%、2.0%~5.4%;硝酸还原酶和谷氨酸合成酶活性分别提高8.7%~9.5%和15.1%~20.0%。相关性分析表明,干旱胁迫下,叶片钾含量与氮、SP、FAA含量及NR、GOGAT活性呈显著或极显著正相关(R^(2)=0.69~0.95)。综上所述,施钾可缓解干旱胁迫对芝麻造成的不利影响,提高叶片钾、氮含量及硝酸还原酶和谷氨酸合成酶活性;施钾主要通过调控渗透调节、蛋白质合成及氮代谢等途径来提高芝麻的耐旱性。本研究结果为芝麻抗旱栽培提供了科学依据。

黑松露提取物的抗氧化活性及对UVA/UVB诱导的小鼠光损伤模型的皮肤保护作用

目的对比辽宁鞍山(LN)、云南昆明(KM)、云南贡山(GS)的黑松露提取物的抗氧化活性,筛选出最优品种的黑松露提取物,并研究黑松露提取物对UVA/UVB诱导的小鼠光损伤模型皮肤保护作用。方法采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)法、2,2’-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid)ammoniumsalt,ABTS]法和铁离子还原/抗氧化能力(ferric ion reducing antioxidant power,FRAP)法检测3个产地黑松露提取物的抗氧化活性,皮肤含水量测试仪、水分经皮肤散失测试仪、皮肤弹性仪检测小鼠背部皮肤角质层含水量、经皮水分散失量(transepidermal water loss,TEWL)及皮肤弹性R^(2)值。并通过光学显微镜观察小鼠皮肤组织学变化。结果LN黑松露水提物的DPPH·、ABTS^(+)·清除活性最强,其半抑制浓度(median inhibitory concentration,IC_(50))分别是:0.29 mg/mL和0.11 mg/mL;LN黑松露水提物的二价铁还原能力最强,其Trolox当量分别为:2.66 mg/mL;UVA/UVB诱导小鼠光损伤模型,照射4周后,与模型组、空白基质组比较,黑松露(HSL)组皮损评分、TEWL均显著降低(P<0.05),皮肤角质层含水量、R^(2)值均显著升高(P<0.05)。观察小鼠皮肤组织学,与模型组、空白基质组比较,HSL组观察到明显背部皮肤结构和功能改善。结论黑松露提取物具有较好的抗氧化活性,并对UVA/UVB诱导的光损伤有一定保护作用,为黑松露在食品保健领域的应用提供相应的理论基础。

两种分析方法在芝麻品种选育中的应用比较

为综合评价芝麻品种的产量性状及均衡性,筛选优质芝麻品种,本试验以20个芝麻高代材料为研究对象,采用雷达图和灰色关联分析法对千粒重、株高、每蒴粒数、单株蒴数、小区均产、单株产量、果轴长、有效果蒴数等8个性状进行综合分析。结果表明,Z06、Z12和Z16优于对照品种Z10,可选为苗头品系进行下一步区域试验。雷达图和灰色关联分析法作为多维度分析的方法,能够综合多个性状评价,更客观准确地评价对象,适宜于芝麻品种选育。

芝麻苗期干旱生理生化指标响应特征及其基因表达分析

为建立芝麻抗旱性快速鉴定体系及筛选芝麻抗旱品种,采用盆栽反复干旱法,设置正常水分(CK)和干旱胁迫(DS)两种处理,对31份芝麻材料进行生理生化指标测定和综合评价,同时利用qRT-PCR检测SOD合成相关基因的表达量。结果表明:芝麻苗期■、可溶性糖(SS)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性与CK相比均显著上升,各指标综合抗旱系数和抗旱指数的变异系数最高的分别是SOD(98.64%)和■(154.01%);抗旱指数与■含量、SOD活性呈极显著正相关关系,这两个指标可作为芝麻苗期抗旱性鉴定的重要指标。聚类分析将31份芝麻材料划分为5类抗旱类型,分别为高抗型、中抗型、低抗型、低感型和高感型。利用综合评价方法,筛选出高抗材料2份(‘汾芝10号’和‘豫-11-1’),中抗旱材料4份,低抗旱材料9份,敏感材料10份,高感材料5份;筛选出■含量和SOD活性可作为芝麻种质资源苗期抗旱特性快速鉴定的指标。

基于液质联用技术分析磨盘草石油醚部位在大鼠血浆中的成分

目的:分析磨盘草石油醚部位在大鼠血浆中的成分,为磨盘草有效成分的分析提供依据。方法:采用液质联用技术分析磨盘草石油醚部位在大鼠血浆中的成分,选取不同时间点的血浆确定成分入血时间。结果:60 min抽取的血浆里具有明显的药物入血成分,与磨盘草石油醚部位样品的UPLC-QTOF-MS的比较,共有5个成分吸收入血,可将其归为4类,分别是葡萄糖苷酸类化合物、鞘脂类化合物、非离子表面活性剂类和类似于环氧千金-二萜醇-二乙酰苯乙酰酯的化合物。结论:运用UPLC-QTOF-MS技术鉴别磨盘草石油醚部位在大鼠血中移行成分,不仅得到了分离度良好的色谱峰,还可以节省时间及试剂的消耗。

采收时间对野菊药用和非药用部位生物量及品质的影响

试验设置8个采收时间,分别测定不同时间采收野菊的百花重、总黄酮提取率、绿原酸含量、可溶性糖含量和多糖提取率,探究不同时间采收野菊药用部位(花)和非药用部位(茎叶)生物量及品质的动态变化规律,以期为确定野菊的最佳采收时间和资源的开发利用提供参考。结果表明,不同采收时间野菊的生物量及品质差异达到显著或极显著水平。其中,11月4日采收野菊的百花鲜重最高,11月8日采收野菊的百花干重最高;除野菊药用部位(花)多糖提取率在11月11日达到最高外,野菊的药用部位(花)总黄酮提取率、绿原酸含量、可溶性糖含量和非药用部位(茎叶)总黄酮提取率、绿原酸含量、可溶性糖含量、多糖提取率均为11月8日采收最高。综合分析,在试验条件下11月8日可确定为野菊最佳采收时间。

A New Ceramide from the Ascomycete Tuber indicum

A new C-18 phytosphingosine derivative (1) was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum. Its structure was established as (2S, 3S, 4R, 2R)-2-N-(2-hydroxytricosano- yl)-octadecan-1, 3, 4-triol by spectral and chemical methods.

Proapoptotic activities of Oroxylum indicum leave extract in HeLa cells

Objective: To examine the proapoptotic properties of Oroxylum indicum methanol extract on cervical cancer cells. Methods: Methylene blue assay was used to determine the IC50 value of the extract. Western blotting assays were done to analyze the expression of HPV oncoproteins (HPV18 E6 and E7) and apoptotic molecules (caspase-3 and caspase-8). Reverse transcriptase PCR assays were performed to determine genetic alteration of tumor suppressors p53 and pRb and apoptosis markers Fas and FasL. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was done to determine the expression of cytokine levels (IL-6 and IL-12). Results: The determination of IC50 value indicated a higher anti-proliferative activity of the extract compared to cisplatin. After 24 hours of treatment, Western blot analysis showed that treated HeLa cells exhibited a significant down-regulation of HPV18 oncoproteins E6 and E7, and a significant induction of caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation level. Meanwhile, the mRNA expressions of p53, pRb, Fas and FasL were significantly upregulated in treated cells. Moreover, ELISA showed an increased IL-12 and decreased IL-6 production after Oroxylum indicum treatment. Conclusions: The methanol extract of Oroxylum indicum has an anti-proliferative activity and proapoptotic potential. It induces localized-immunity improvements by altering cytokine production in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells.