Antimicrobial Effectiveness on Selected Bacterial Species and Alkaloid and Saponin Content of <i>Rosa nutkana</i>C. Presl (Nootka Rose) and <i>Urtica dioica</i>L. (Stinging Nettle) Extracts

Nootka rose (Rosa nutkana C. Presl) and stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) have been traditionally used in the treatment of skin infection by Indigenous peoples of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The main objective of this study was to examine the antibacterial efficacy of extracts of Nootka rose and stinging nettle against the common pathogenic skin bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using Indigenous science and standard methods of analysis. The Indigenous science method of plant extraction by steeping as advised by the Traditional Knowledge keeper was performed to examine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) by serial dilution and bacterial population counts. Soxhlet extractions and Kirby Bauer disc sensitivity testing showed that Nootka rose extracts possessed antibacterial effectiveness against all three bacterial species while stinging nettle extracts were effective against M. luteus. Results for MIC and MBC indicated antibacterial activity against M. luteus and S. aureus for the Nootka rose when using full-strength solutions;all three bacterial species exhibited growth when undiluted stinging nettle treatments were used. When considering bacterial population counts for S. aureus, results indicated that only the Nootka rose treatment offered effective inhibition. Chemical analysis showed that alkaloid percentage was greater in the stinging nettle (0.17%) than Nootka rose (0.07%), while saponin percentage was greater in the Nootka rose (0.87%) than stinging nettle (0.17%). Overall, Nootka rose showed a greater level of antibacterial effectiveness than stinging nettle by Indigenous and Western scientific methods of plant extract preparation.

Effect of nettle(Urtica dioica) extract on gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in male rabbits

Objective:To investigate the antioxidant ef ect of an orally administered ethanol extract of nettle(Urtica dioica) and its protective role in preventing or ameliorating oxidative stress as a major factor in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rabbits. Methods: Twenty rabbits were divided into 4 equal groups:(G1) control group,(G2) gentamicin treated group(100 mg/kg),(G3) nettle treated group(100 mg/kg),(G4) combination treated group with both gentamicin(100 mg/kg) and nettle(100 mg/kg) for 10 days. The antioxidant properties of nettle were evaluated using dif erent antioxidant tests, such as determination of glutathione and malondialdehyde levels and total phenolic content analysis. Results: Biochemical and histopathological study revealed that gentamicin caused nephrotoxicity observed clearly in the histopathological section of the kidney in the gentamicin treated group. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were biochemical indicators for nephrotoxicity which increased signii cantly in gentamicin treated group; other groups have no signii cant change in these two parameters. Nettle extract protected the rabbits from alteration in the level of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine when given after inducing of gentamicin nephrotoxicity. The nettle treated group showed a great ef ect as an antioxidant factor by increasing the glutathione level and reducing malondialdehyde level. No signii cant changes in biochemical parameters and no renal histopathological changes observed in the groups treated with nettle extract, which meant nettle had powerful antioxidant activity. Conclusions: Therefore, it can be assumed that the nephroprotective ef ect shown by nettle in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity can reserve intracellular levels of biological pathways and supportively enhance excretion of toxic levels of gentamicin.

Importance of Nettle on Crop Protection

Organic farming has an important place in agricultural economy.However few studies talk about biological control of many enemies groups.This study aims to illustrate nettle efficiency as preventive fight towards both insect’s outbreaks and disease infestation.It consists of verifying if nettle extract has curative properties towards gummosis citrus or stops development disease and we evaluated its efficiency on main insects’pests of bean.Moreover nettle field of insects was tested if it can protect bean.Investigational device was realized during season crop 2017-2019 and took place in market gardens around the city Antananarivo(Madagascar).Nettle field of insects’efficiency was compared with witness plots and field of insects which composed with various companions’plants(maize,nettle,crucifers).Each companions’specie grows on 1 m width and the length depends on plot size which needs protection.And nettle extract modalities were compared with witness untreated and reference treatment such as garlic extract for insecticides plants and Bordeaux mixture for mineral fungicide.Each bean plot has a surface of 20 m2spaced out at least 0.5 cm.Three repetitions were realized for each modality.For citrus disease evaluation was realized on 10 observed plants that each plant constitutes one modality.Evolution of pest number for bean and symptoms of gummosis(yellow leaf importance and phytosanitary situation after treatment)was observed as parameters.As results,nettle extract has a better efficiency to control bean aphids as reference treatment and restores citrus gumminess as much as treated with mineral fungicide.Similarly,nettle field of insects presented the same efficiency to allow diversifying pest as diversification field insects’.In sum use of nettle extract needs tracking on gummosis citrus if there was reverse disease.Nevertheless,nettle has appreciable protection properties on crops which can help farmers to produce in a sustainable and environmentally-friendly way.

Effect of Dimethoate on Object Recognition Memory in Wistar Rats and Essay of Treatment with Nettle

Pesticides were economically important chemicals in agriculture. Their use has permitted agricultural progress, through the eradication of harmful insect and the fight against vectors of disease. However, several studies question the beneficial effects of organophosphorus compounds, showing that their deregulated use causes various problems of environmental pollution and human health. The present study shows that chronic exposure to a subtoxic dose of dimethoate is likely to affect cognitive and behavioral functions of rats (both males and females). Our results show that exposure to dimethoate affects both short and long-term memory capacities. The short-term memory results are more pronounced. Treatment with nettle extract allowed a significant improvement in cognitive and behavioral performance of the rats after their exposure to dimethoate.

Suitability of Nettle Fiber for Textile Production

Nettle plants widely exist in China, but up to now there is no research regarding Chinese nettle fiber properties, especially about its spinnability. This paper has studied the properties of Chinese nettle fiber and its spinnability. The research results show that the average length of nettle fiber is about 34 mm, the nettle fiber fineness ranging from 0.589 to 0.769 tex. Nettle fiber has high breaking strength, low breaking extension and high initial modulus. Both the biochemical method and chemical method can meet the requirement of nettle degumming, with the residual being less than 4%. Nettle fiber can be utilised as textile material and can be spun in rotor-spinning machines after well degummed.

Aphidophagous guilds on nettle （Urtica dioica） strips close to fields of green pea, rape and wheat

The common nettle （Urtica dioica L.） is a perennial and cosmopolitan plant species and is known to be the source of food for a great diversity of insects. To understand the importance of the nettle in agro-ecosystems, a field experiment was carried out in an experimental farm at Gembloux （Belgium） to study the effect of nettle margin strips on aphid and aphidophagous populations in close field crops, namely wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）, green pea （Pisum sativum L.） and rape （Brassicae napus L.）. The aphids and related beneficial populations were weekly assessed, from March to August 2005, by visual observations in two plots per field crop. A higher abundance of aphidophagous beneficials was collected in nettle strips when compared to the field crops. Particularly, the presence of predatory anthocorids, mirids and green lacewings was observed on nettle only. Nevertheless, the most abundant aphid predatory family, the Coccinellidae, was distributed in both environments, in nettle strips and in crop fields. The field margin supported a significantly higher density ofHarmonia axyridis than the field crops. In contrast, the field crops, green pea particularly, supported a higher density of Coccinella septempunctata. The distribution of the aphidophagous species, mainly the ladybirds, was discussed in relation to the host plant and related aphid species and their potential effect on integrated pest management.

Effects of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) powder on laying performance,egg quality,and serum biochemical parameters of Japanese quails

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of stinging nettle powder(SNP) on laying performance,egg quality,and some selected serum biochemical parameters of quails.One hundred and forty-four 10-wk-old Japanese quails(initial body weight=199±18 g) were divided into 3 dietary treatment groups(basic diet without SNP [SNPO],SNPO with 3% SNP [SNP3],SNPO with 6% SNP [SNP6]) with 4 replicates of 12 quails for a rearing period of 12 wk.At 22 wk of age,the final body weights of the SNP3 and SNP6 groups were significantly(P=0.001) reduced compared to that of the SNPO group.Daily feed intake was not statistically different among the groups.The mean number of eggs laid ranged from 65 to 69 with laying rates from 76.8% to 82.1%.The percentage of cracked eggs was not significantly different among the groups and ranged from 1.6% to 1.9%.The egg weight was similar and the feed conversion ratio was closer among the groups.The egg yolk cholesterol,serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels in the SNP6 group were significantly reduced(P <0.001) compared to those of the SNPO group.Serum Ca,P and Mg were not significantly influenced by the supplementation.In conclusion,the results demonstrated that the supplementation of SNP to the quail diet at the level of 6%reduced quail egg yolk cholesterol,serum total cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels and did not negatively influence quail performance.

麻叶荨麻与玉米粉混贮对青贮品质的影响

为解析添加玉米粉对麻叶荨麻青贮发酵品质和养分保存效果的影响,将麻叶荨麻与玉米粉5∶1混合调制青贮饲料,将其DM含量提高到310g/kg,以麻叶荨麻单独青贮作为对照。每个处理18个重复,室温袋贮60d后开封取样,测定青贮发酵品质和营养成分及消化率,并分别在贮藏后第0,3,5,15,20和60天调查pH、有机酸、氨态氮的动态变化。结果表明,与玉米粉混合青贮通过快速降低pH和提高乳酸含量而明显加快了麻叶荨麻的发酵进程,发酵前15d,混贮组pH下降速率和乳酸累积速率较单贮组快;混贮组显著降低了(P<0.05)pH、氨态氮、乙酸、丁酸及NDF和ADF含量,显著提高了(P<0.05)乳酸、水溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量、费氏评分及干物质与纤维组分的体外消化率;脂肪含量在两个处理之间无显著差异。以上结果表明,麻叶荨麻与玉米粉以5∶1混合青贮能够成功保存麻叶荨麻的高品质营养特性,从而生产高品质青贮饲料,同时还能改善家畜对它的利用效率。

添加剂对麻叶荨麻青贮发酵品质的影响

麻叶荨麻(Urtica cannabina L.)资源丰富,具有较高的营养价值。由于水分、灰分、蛋白质含量和缓冲能值较高,可溶性碳水化合物含量低,难以单独成功青贮。为探讨添加剂对其青贮发酵品质的影响,以MicromanagerH/M(MH)、Lalsil Fresh (LF)、青宝Ⅱ号(FS)、Lalsil Dry (LD)4种添加剂,每种设3个添加梯度,以不使用添加剂处理作为对照(Control),共13个处理,每个处理3次重复,室温袋贮60 d后取样分析。结果表明:添加MH、LF和FS不能快速降低pH,没有改善发酵品质;添加LD极显著降低了pH,能够明显促进乳酸发酵(P<0.01);所使用的添加剂均不能抑制蛋白质分解;添加不同剂量MH、LF和FS的青贮品质分别为5级、4级和4级,发酵品质较差;添加不同剂量的LD能够改善发酵品质,其中添加0.5 g/kg LD的效果最好。故乳酸菌制剂与纤维素酶或糖联合使用,可改善麻叶荨麻的青贮品质。

添加甲酸对麻叶荨麻青贮品质的影响

为探讨甲酸对麻叶荨麻(Urtica cannabina)发酵品质和青贮保存效果的影响,设置2,4,6mL.kg-1 FM共3个甲酸添加剂处理(分别为低、中、高水平),以不添加甲酸处理为对照,室温袋贮60d后开封取样,测定其pH值、化学成分、体外消化率和乳酸含量,分析评价其发酵品质及保存效果。结果表明:无甲酸处理或添加2～4mL.kg-1甲酸青贮麻叶荨麻,其青贮品质和保存效果很差;添加高剂量(6mL.kg-1)甲酸虽然同样未能生产出品质优良的青贮饲料,但显著降低了pH值、乳酸含量和氨态氮(P<0.05),有降低纤维组分的趋势(P=0.132;P=0.087),显著增加了干物质、可溶性糖含量和中性洗涤纤维体外消化率(P<0.05),有利于改善发酵品质和提高植物细胞壁利用效率。试验结果将为荨麻属植物及与之类似的高水分、高蛋白质牧草青贮技术提供基础数据。

麻叶荨麻的养分积累及饲用品质评价

为了探讨生长时间对麻叶荨麻营养价值和饲用品质的影响,对不同生长时期麻叶荨麻的养分含量进行了分析,并用粗饲料相对价值指数、粗饲料相对质量指数和粗饲料分级指数对其品质进行了评价。结果表明：（1）麻叶荨麻5月份的粗蛋白质和粗灰分含量最高,分别为34.39%和25.69%;7月份水分含量最高,达81.98%,9月份粗脂肪含量最高,为6.13%;青绿期（59月）纤维组分（NDF和ADF）的含量较低。（2）随着生长时间的推移,水分、粗蛋白质和灰分含量降低,纤维组分（NDF和ADF）、有机物质含量增加,脂肪、水溶性碳水化合物含量先增加后降低。（3）麻叶荨麻的营养价值和饲用品质随着机体成熟度的增加而显著（P〈0.01）降低,营养期品质优良,开花期品质良好,成熟期品质差,枯黄期对家畜无利用价值。

荨麻纤维的性能分析

研究了荨麻纤维的基本物理机械性能,观察了荨麻纤维的微观结构,并分析了荨麻纤维的吸湿性能。结果表明,荨麻单纤维主体长度较短,长度离散系数大,短纤维(20mm以下)含量较高;荨麻纤维具有良好的吸湿和散湿性能,这与荨麻纤维的结构有密切的关系,该项研究为开发野生荨麻资源提供了参考。

消风散主要药效学及拆方研究

消风散具有明显的止痒和抗实验性荨麻疹作用。拆方研究证实，疏风散为君药且起主导作用，再加祛湿药为最基本的治疗原则。

西藏野生荨麻的人工驯化试验

西藏荨麻可用于制备治疗和预防糖尿病及其并发症的保健品开发,荨麻95%乙醇提取物和荨麻水提取物具有一定的抗流感病毒作用。为了充分利用荨麻等野生资源,避免采食的季节性过强和过度采集,本研究进行了对野生荨麻人工栽培试验,寻找适宜的栽培要点,以备野生荨麻的大量开发和资源匮乏时使用,保证荨麻资源的可持续利用。

摩擦纺荨麻包芯纱的纺制及工艺研究

荨麻纤维是一种野生的天然纤维,属于麻类纤维的一种,目前国内外对荨麻纤维的开发和利用还处于起步阶段。分析了荨麻纤维的可纺性,开发出了以荨麻纤维和亚麻短纤维为包覆纤维、涤纶短纤维为芯纱的摩擦纺包芯纱,并利用正交试验,研究了纺纱速度、摩擦辊转速以及芯纱比例对纱线性能的影响,优选出荨麻纤维摩擦包芯纱的纺纱工艺范围。

浑善达克沙地麻叶荨麻必需矿物质含量及其季节动态变化

为了探讨麻叶荨麻必需矿物元素的积累与季节变化,及其必需微量元素在土壤、家畜体内的盈缺状况,选择浑善达克沙地野生麻叶荨麻作为试验材料,对不同季节钾(K)、钠(Na)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)元素的含量进行了分析。结果表明,麻叶荨麻中矿物元素含量高,富含Ca、Mg、K、Fe;各元素平均含量排序依次为K>Mg>Ca>Na,Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu;随着季节变迁,Ca、Mg、K、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn含量呈降低趋势,Na则呈升高趋势。全年土-草-畜中铁含量充盈,但春季家畜大量采食可能会发生铁中毒;春夏季植物中的锌、锰量在正常范围内,锰可满足牛的需要,但秋冬季锰严重缺乏;夏秋季铜量在植物体内基本正常,除了5月能满足牛的需要外,其余季节均不能;麻叶荨麻中的锌常年都不能满足牛的需要。

四川药用荨麻的种类与分布

目的:弄清四川药用荨麻的资源情况。方法:野外调查与查阅标本资料结合。结果:弄清了9种药用荨麻在四川的分布及药用情况。结论:为进一步研究荨麻提供了一定依据。

荨麻资源的应用及开发前景

荨麻为多年生草本植物,分布广泛,营养丰富,含有多种活性成分。全草可入药,还可作为蔬菜、饲料、纺织和绳索的原料,具有广阔的开发利用前景。对目前有关荨麻属植物的分布、生物学特性、化学成分、营养作用和饲用价值以及毒副作用等方面的研究进展进行了阐述。

HLPC梯度洗脱测定抗荨胶囊中升麻素苷和5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷的总含量

目的：建立抗荨胶囊（防风蒺藜蝉蜕黄芪当归白鲜皮等）中升麻素苷和5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷含量的高效液相色谱的方法。方法：以WondaSil C18-WR（4.6 mm×150mm,5μm PH 1-10）为色谱柱;流动相采用甲醇（A）-0.05%磷酸溶液（B）梯度洗脱：0-6min,40%B,6-17min,45%（B）,17-30min,75%（B）,升麻素苷和5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷检测波长为254nm,流速为1.0mL·min-1,柱温为30℃,进样量为10μl。结果：用梯度洗脱得到了较好的分离效果,升麻素苷18.4-92.0μg/mL之间线性关系良好,r=0.9999550（n=6）;5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷在22.0-110.0μg/mL之间线性关系良好,r=0.9996565（n=6）,平均回收率分别为100.28%和100.56%。结论：该研究同时进行升麻素苷、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷的定量分析,方法专属性强,准确度高,可用于抗荨胶囊中升麻素苷和5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷的含量测定。

糙皮侧耳菌漆酶的发酵及其对荨麻的应用

通过对糙皮侧耳菌产漆酶发酵培养条件的优化,得到高效产漆酶的发酵培养条件(1L):麦草粉20g,酒石酸铵5.0g,pH5.0,吐温-800.1%,藜芦醇600μL,摇床转速为128r/min,温度30℃,微量元素液70mL.然后对发酵粗酶液进行初步分离纯化,经过超滤膜(Amincon)超滤浓缩,截留分子量为1.0×104的粗酶液,用初步纯化的漆酶液对荨麻进行生物脱胶,结果表明,漆酶对木质素去除率82%,残胶率降低了62%,比常规的化学脱胶去除木质素提高了20%.