Neurofilament protein is a component of the mature neuronal cytoskeleton, and it interacts with the zygosome, which is mediated by neurofilament-related proteins. Neurofilament protein regulates enzyme function and th...Neurofilament protein is a component of the mature neuronal cytoskeleton, and it interacts with the zygosome, which is mediated by neurofilament-related proteins. Neurofilament protein regulates enzyme function and the structure of linker proteins. In addition, neurofilament gene expression plays an important role in nervous system development. Previous studies have shown that neurofilament gene transcriptional regulation is crucial for neurofilament protein expression, especially in axonal regeneration and degenerative diseases. Post-transcriptional regulation increased neurofilament protein gene transcription during axonal regeneration, ultimately resulting in a pattern of neurofilament protein expression. An expression imbalance of post-transcriptional regulatory proteins and other disorders could lead to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or other neurodegenerative diseases. These findings indicated that after transcription, neurofilament protein regulated expression of related proteins and promoted regeneration of damaged axons, suggesting that regulation disorders could lead to neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Objective(s):To assess the diagnostic accuracy of spot urine protein-creatinine (P/C) ratio and its compareson with 24-hour urine proteinuria for predicting eclampsia. Method(s): Spot urine P/C ratio was determined in...Objective(s):To assess the diagnostic accuracy of spot urine protein-creatinine (P/C) ratio and its compareson with 24-hour urine proteinuria for predicting eclampsia. Method(s): Spot urine P/C ratio was determined in a mid-stream urine sample, and the 24-hour urine protein was measured. The correlation between the spot P/C ratio and 24-hour urine protein amount was done. Logistic regression analysis and ROC curve analysis have been used to analyse data. Result(s): There was a strong correlation between the spot P/C ratio and 24-hour urine protein excretion (pearson’s correlation coefficient r = 0.71;P < 0.0001). The optimal spot P/C ratio cutoff point was 0.25, for 300 mg/24 h of protein excretion, with sensitivity and specificity of 69% and 75% respectively. Conclusion(s): Spot urine P/C ratio is a quick and reliable tool which can be used as an alternative method for evaluation of proteinuria for diagnosis of pre-eclampsia.展开更多
We tested urine albumin excretion rate (UAER), urine transrerrin (TRF ), retinolulnding protein (RBP), N --acetyl--aD-gi ucosamlnldase (N AG ), P, - mi c rogl obu I in (P, -- M G ) and lgGIn 45 cases of NIDDM. Thirty ...We tested urine albumin excretion rate (UAER), urine transrerrin (TRF ), retinolulnding protein (RBP), N --acetyl--aD-gi ucosamlnldase (N AG ), P, - mi c rogl obu I in (P, -- M G ) and lgGIn 45 cases of NIDDM. Thirty cases with UAER<300 mg/d were divided into two groups. Data wereshown with urine protein index (urine protein/urine creatlne). ResultS showed that urine transferrinwas more seusltlve than albumlu, and the combined test or urine Protein is nontraumatic, which hadsteatncance to diagnose early diabetic nepkropatby.展开更多
Background Serum high sensitive C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）, adiponectin levels and urine albumin excretion rate （UAER） are probably associated with inflammation and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to d...Background Serum high sensitive C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）, adiponectin levels and urine albumin excretion rate （UAER） are probably associated with inflammation and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine the three markers in coronary artery disease （CAD） subjects with different glucose tolerance status in a Chinese population and further explore the levels of the three markers in these subjects and the possible association of these markers with CAD risk factors and the severity of CAD as well. Methods A total of 242 subjects with angiographically documented CAD were recruited, and then assigned to three groups： the normal glucose tolerance （NGT） ＋ CAD group, including 100 CAD patients with NGT; the impaired glucose tolerance （IGT） ＋ CAD group, 40 CAD patients with IGT; the type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） ＋ CAD group, 102 CAD patients with T2DM. Serum hs-CRP, adiponectin levels as well as UAER were measured in all subjects. Results Serum hs-CRP levels were increased in the T2DM ＋ CAD group compared with the NGT ＋ CAD group （4.71±2.59） vs （3.60±2.46） mg/L, P=0.037. Serum adiponectin levels were gradually decreased from the NGT ＋ CAD to IGT ＋ CAD to T2DM ＋ CAD groups, （5.99±1.84）, （5.82±1.72） and （4.65±1.71） mg/L, P=0.002 and 0.040 for NGT ＋ CAD and IGT ＋ CAD groups vs T2DM ＋ CAD group, respectively. While the UAER was gradually increased from the NGT ＋ CAD to IGT ＋ CAD to T2DM ＋ CAD groups, （6.42±2.51）, （6.89±2.94） and （15.03±4.22） μg/min （P 〈0.001） for NGT ＋ CAD and IGT ＋ CAD groups vs T2DM ＋ CAD group. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that waist-hip ratio （WHR） and low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） were the significant determinants of serum hs-CRP levels; triglyceride （TG）, high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）, age, WHR, T2DM, 2-hour serum insulin （2hINS）, sex, and apolipoprotein B were the significant determinants of serum adiponectin levels; and systolic blood pressure （SBP）, T2DM and hemoglobin A1c （HbA1c） were the significant determinants of UAER in all subjects （R^2= 0.070, 0.352, and 0.214, respectively）. However, no significant correlation was seen for hs-CRP, adiponectin and UAER with the severity of CAD. Hs-CRP levels were significantly correlated with UAER. Conclusions There was a trend of increased serum hs-CRP levels from the NGT ＋ CAD to IGT ＋ CAD to T2DM ＋ CAD groups, though it only showed significance in the T2DM ＋ CAD group compared with the NGT ＋ CAD group. Serum adiponectin levels were decreased and UAER was increased from the NGT ＋ CAD to IGT ＋ CAD to T2DM ＋ CAD groups Increased UAER and serum hs-CRP, and decreased adiponectin levels were associated with traditional CAD risk factors but failed to be correlated with the severity of CAD. Hs-CRP levels were significantly correlated with UAER.展开更多
The visual pathway have 6 parts, involving optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral geniculate body, optic radiation and cortical striatum area. Corresponding changes may be found in these 6 parts following opt...The visual pathway have 6 parts, involving optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral geniculate body, optic radiation and cortical striatum area. Corresponding changes may be found in these 6 parts following optic nerve injury. At present, studies mainly focus on optic nerve and retina, but studies on lateral geniculate body are few. OBJECTIVE： To prepare models of acute optic nerve injury for observing the changes of neurons in lateral geniculate body, expression of neurofilament protein at different time after injury and cell apoptosis under the optical microscope, and for investigating the changes of neurons in lateral geniculate body following acute optic nerve injury. DESIGN： Completely randomized grouping design, controlled animal experiment. SETTING： Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ji＇nan Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS： Twenty-eight adult healthy cats of either gender and common grade, weighing from 2.0 to 3.5 kg, were provided by the Animal Experimental Center of Fudan University. The involved cats were divided into 2 groups according to table of random digit： normal control group （n=3） and model group （n=25）. Injury 6 hours, l, 3, 7 and 14 days five time points were set in model group for later observation, 5 cats at each time point. TUNEL kit （Bohringer-Mannheim company ）and NF200＆ Mr 68 000 mouse monoclonal antibody （NeoMarkers Company） were used in this experiment. METHODS： This experiment was carded out in the Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ji＇nan Military Area Command of Chinese PLA between June 2004 and June 2005.① The cats of model group were developed into cat models of acute intracranial optic nerve injury as follows： The anesthetized cats were placed in lateral position. By imitating operation to human, pterion approach was used. An incision was made at the joint line between outer canthus and tragus, and deepened along cranial base until white optic nerve via optic nerve pore and further to brain tissue. Optic nerve about 3 mm was liberated and occluded by noninvasive vascular clamp for 20 s. After removal of noninvasive vascular clamp, the area compressed by optic nerve was hollowed and narrowed, but non-fractured. Skull was closed when haemorrhage was not found. Bilateral pupillary size, direct and indirect light reflect were observed. Operative side pupil was enlarged as compared with opposite side, direct light reflect disappeared and indirect light reflect existed, which indicated that the models were successful. Animals of control group were not modeled .② The animals in the control group and model group were sacrificed before and 6 hours, 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after modeling respectively. Lateral geniculate body sample was taken and performed haematoxylin ＆ eosin staining. Immunohistochemical staining showed lateral geniculate body neurofilament protein expression, and a comparison of immunohistochemial staining results was made between experimental group and control group. Terminal deoxynucleo-tidyl transferase （TdT）-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling （TUNEL） was used to label apoptotic cells in lateral geniculate body. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Neuronal morphological change, neurofilament protein expression and cell apoptosis in lateral geniculate body following acute optic nerve injury. RESULTS： Twenty-eight involved cats entered the final analysis. ① Histological observation results： In the control group, cell processes were obviously found, which were few or shortening in the model group. ② Neuronal neurofilament protein expression： Cells in lateral geniculate body in the control group and at 6 hours after injury presented clear strip-shaped staining, and those at 7 and 14 days presented irregular distribution without layers and obviously decreasing staining intensity. The positive rate of neurofilament protein in lateral geniculate body in control group and 6 hours, l, 3, 7 and 14 days after injury was （ 10.22±0.42） %, （10.03±0.24） %, （9.94±0.14） %, （9.98±0.22） %, （8.18±0.34） % and （6.37±0.18）%, respectively. Positive rate of neurofilament protein in control group, at 6 hours, 1 or 3 days after injury was significantly different from that at 7 days after injury （P 〈 0.05）; Positive rate of neurofilament protein in control group, at 6 hours, 1, 3 or 7 days after injury was significantly different from that at 14 days after injury （P 〈 0.05）. It indicated that neuronal injury in lateral geniculate body was not obvious within short term after optic nerve injury, but obvious at 7 days after injury and progressively aggravated until at 14 days after injury.③ Neuronal apoptosis： TUNEL staining showed that neuronal apoptosis in lateral geniculate body appeared at 7 days after injury, and a Lot of neuronal apoptosis in lateral geniculate body was found at 14 days after injury. It indicated that neuronal injury in lateral geniculate body was related to apoptosis. CONCLUSION： In short term after optic nerve injury （within 7 days）, nerve injury of lateral geniculate body is not obvious, then, it will aggravate with the elongation of injury time. The occurrence of neuronal iniury of lateral geniculate body is related to the apoptosis of nerve cells.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30872609
文摘Neurofilament protein is a component of the mature neuronal cytoskeleton, and it interacts with the zygosome, which is mediated by neurofilament-related proteins. Neurofilament protein regulates enzyme function and the structure of linker proteins. In addition, neurofilament gene expression plays an important role in nervous system development. Previous studies have shown that neurofilament gene transcriptional regulation is crucial for neurofilament protein expression, especially in axonal regeneration and degenerative diseases. Post-transcriptional regulation increased neurofilament protein gene transcription during axonal regeneration, ultimately resulting in a pattern of neurofilament protein expression. An expression imbalance of post-transcriptional regulatory proteins and other disorders could lead to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or other neurodegenerative diseases. These findings indicated that after transcription, neurofilament protein regulated expression of related proteins and promoted regeneration of damaged axons, suggesting that regulation disorders could lead to neurodegenerative diseases.
文摘Objective(s):To assess the diagnostic accuracy of spot urine protein-creatinine (P/C) ratio and its compareson with 24-hour urine proteinuria for predicting eclampsia. Method(s): Spot urine P/C ratio was determined in a mid-stream urine sample, and the 24-hour urine protein was measured. The correlation between the spot P/C ratio and 24-hour urine protein amount was done. Logistic regression analysis and ROC curve analysis have been used to analyse data. Result(s): There was a strong correlation between the spot P/C ratio and 24-hour urine protein excretion (pearson’s correlation coefficient r = 0.71;P < 0.0001). The optimal spot P/C ratio cutoff point was 0.25, for 300 mg/24 h of protein excretion, with sensitivity and specificity of 69% and 75% respectively. Conclusion(s): Spot urine P/C ratio is a quick and reliable tool which can be used as an alternative method for evaluation of proteinuria for diagnosis of pre-eclampsia.
文摘We tested urine albumin excretion rate (UAER), urine transrerrin (TRF ), retinolulnding protein (RBP), N --acetyl--aD-gi ucosamlnldase (N AG ), P, - mi c rogl obu I in (P, -- M G ) and lgGIn 45 cases of NIDDM. Thirty cases with UAER<300 mg/d were divided into two groups. Data wereshown with urine protein index (urine protein/urine creatlne). ResultS showed that urine transferrinwas more seusltlve than albumlu, and the combined test or urine Protein is nontraumatic, which hadsteatncance to diagnose early diabetic nepkropatby.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30570880）, 973 Project （No. 2006CB503904）, and Science and Technology Foundation of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai （No. 04DZ19502）.
文摘Background Serum high sensitive C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）, adiponectin levels and urine albumin excretion rate （UAER） are probably associated with inflammation and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine the three markers in coronary artery disease （CAD） subjects with different glucose tolerance status in a Chinese population and further explore the levels of the three markers in these subjects and the possible association of these markers with CAD risk factors and the severity of CAD as well. Methods A total of 242 subjects with angiographically documented CAD were recruited, and then assigned to three groups： the normal glucose tolerance （NGT） ＋ CAD group, including 100 CAD patients with NGT; the impaired glucose tolerance （IGT） ＋ CAD group, 40 CAD patients with IGT; the type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） ＋ CAD group, 102 CAD patients with T2DM. Serum hs-CRP, adiponectin levels as well as UAER were measured in all subjects. Results Serum hs-CRP levels were increased in the T2DM ＋ CAD group compared with the NGT ＋ CAD group （4.71±2.59） vs （3.60±2.46） mg/L, P=0.037. Serum adiponectin levels were gradually decreased from the NGT ＋ CAD to IGT ＋ CAD to T2DM ＋ CAD groups, （5.99±1.84）, （5.82±1.72） and （4.65±1.71） mg/L, P=0.002 and 0.040 for NGT ＋ CAD and IGT ＋ CAD groups vs T2DM ＋ CAD group, respectively. While the UAER was gradually increased from the NGT ＋ CAD to IGT ＋ CAD to T2DM ＋ CAD groups, （6.42±2.51）, （6.89±2.94） and （15.03±4.22） μg/min （P 〈0.001） for NGT ＋ CAD and IGT ＋ CAD groups vs T2DM ＋ CAD group. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that waist-hip ratio （WHR） and low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） were the significant determinants of serum hs-CRP levels; triglyceride （TG）, high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）, age, WHR, T2DM, 2-hour serum insulin （2hINS）, sex, and apolipoprotein B were the significant determinants of serum adiponectin levels; and systolic blood pressure （SBP）, T2DM and hemoglobin A1c （HbA1c） were the significant determinants of UAER in all subjects （R^2= 0.070, 0.352, and 0.214, respectively）. However, no significant correlation was seen for hs-CRP, adiponectin and UAER with the severity of CAD. Hs-CRP levels were significantly correlated with UAER. Conclusions There was a trend of increased serum hs-CRP levels from the NGT ＋ CAD to IGT ＋ CAD to T2DM ＋ CAD groups, though it only showed significance in the T2DM ＋ CAD group compared with the NGT ＋ CAD group. Serum adiponectin levels were decreased and UAER was increased from the NGT ＋ CAD to IGT ＋ CAD to T2DM ＋ CAD groups Increased UAER and serum hs-CRP, and decreased adiponectin levels were associated with traditional CAD risk factors but failed to be correlated with the severity of CAD. Hs-CRP levels were significantly correlated with UAER.
文摘目的探讨阿尔茨海默病患者神经丝轻链蛋白(neurofilament light chain,NfL)与临床特点相关性。方法分析2020年6月—2022年12月宁波市第二医院收治的58例阿尔茨海默病患者的临床资料为研究对象。检测58例阿尔茨海默病患者的神经丝轻链蛋白水平。Simoa法检测阿尔茨海默病患者神经丝轻链蛋白水平,探索神经丝轻链蛋白表达与临床因素的关联性。结果58例患者中女性患者33例,NfL水平为(24.93±17.07)pg/ml;男性患者24例,NfL水平为(28.14±17.98)pg/ml,差异无统计学意义。不同文化程度与NfL水平分别为:文盲[(27.87±14.75)pg/ml(7/58)]、小学[(15.22±9.62)pg/ml(7/58)]、初中[(27.95±15.60)pg/ml(14/58)]、高中[(12.84±2.97)pg/ml(4/58)]、中专[(37.35±26.63)pg/ml(7/58)]、大专[(33.79±21.81)pg/ml(5/58)]、大学[(15.22±9.62)pg/ml(7/58)],结果无统计学差异。用相关分析研究NfL和年龄、病程、海马分级,日常生活活动能力评定量表(Activities of Daily Living,ADL)分值,简易精神状态检查表(Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE)分值,长谷川痴呆量表(Hasegawa Dementia Scale,HDS)分值之间的相关关系,Pearson相关系数(r)表示相关关系的强弱情况。NfL和年龄的r值为0.448,提示NfL和年龄呈正相关。NfL和病程之间的r值为0.045,且P>0.05,说明NfL和病程无相关关系。NfL和海马分级的r值为0.345,说明NfL和海马分级有正相关关系。NfL和ADL分值之间的r值为0.242,P>0.05,说明NfL和ADL分值无相关关系。NfL和MMSE分值的相r值为‒0.099,P>0.05,说明NfL和MMSE分值无相关关系。NfL和HDS分值的r值为‒0.096,P值为0.475>0.05,说明NfL和HDS分值之间没有相关关系。结论阿尔茨海默病患者血清神经丝轻链蛋白水平与患者年龄,磁共振海马分级呈正相关,与性别、文化程度、病程、ADL分值、MMSE分值、HDS分值无相关关系。
文摘The visual pathway have 6 parts, involving optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral geniculate body, optic radiation and cortical striatum area. Corresponding changes may be found in these 6 parts following optic nerve injury. At present, studies mainly focus on optic nerve and retina, but studies on lateral geniculate body are few. OBJECTIVE： To prepare models of acute optic nerve injury for observing the changes of neurons in lateral geniculate body, expression of neurofilament protein at different time after injury and cell apoptosis under the optical microscope, and for investigating the changes of neurons in lateral geniculate body following acute optic nerve injury. DESIGN： Completely randomized grouping design, controlled animal experiment. SETTING： Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ji＇nan Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS： Twenty-eight adult healthy cats of either gender and common grade, weighing from 2.0 to 3.5 kg, were provided by the Animal Experimental Center of Fudan University. The involved cats were divided into 2 groups according to table of random digit： normal control group （n=3） and model group （n=25）. Injury 6 hours, l, 3, 7 and 14 days five time points were set in model group for later observation, 5 cats at each time point. TUNEL kit （Bohringer-Mannheim company ）and NF200＆ Mr 68 000 mouse monoclonal antibody （NeoMarkers Company） were used in this experiment. METHODS： This experiment was carded out in the Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ji＇nan Military Area Command of Chinese PLA between June 2004 and June 2005.① The cats of model group were developed into cat models of acute intracranial optic nerve injury as follows： The anesthetized cats were placed in lateral position. By imitating operation to human, pterion approach was used. An incision was made at the joint line between outer canthus and tragus, and deepened along cranial base until white optic nerve via optic nerve pore and further to brain tissue. Optic nerve about 3 mm was liberated and occluded by noninvasive vascular clamp for 20 s. After removal of noninvasive vascular clamp, the area compressed by optic nerve was hollowed and narrowed, but non-fractured. Skull was closed when haemorrhage was not found. Bilateral pupillary size, direct and indirect light reflect were observed. Operative side pupil was enlarged as compared with opposite side, direct light reflect disappeared and indirect light reflect existed, which indicated that the models were successful. Animals of control group were not modeled .② The animals in the control group and model group were sacrificed before and 6 hours, 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after modeling respectively. Lateral geniculate body sample was taken and performed haematoxylin ＆ eosin staining. Immunohistochemical staining showed lateral geniculate body neurofilament protein expression, and a comparison of immunohistochemial staining results was made between experimental group and control group. Terminal deoxynucleo-tidyl transferase （TdT）-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling （TUNEL） was used to label apoptotic cells in lateral geniculate body. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Neuronal morphological change, neurofilament protein expression and cell apoptosis in lateral geniculate body following acute optic nerve injury. RESULTS： Twenty-eight involved cats entered the final analysis. ① Histological observation results： In the control group, cell processes were obviously found, which were few or shortening in the model group. ② Neuronal neurofilament protein expression： Cells in lateral geniculate body in the control group and at 6 hours after injury presented clear strip-shaped staining, and those at 7 and 14 days presented irregular distribution without layers and obviously decreasing staining intensity. The positive rate of neurofilament protein in lateral geniculate body in control group and 6 hours, l, 3, 7 and 14 days after injury was （ 10.22±0.42） %, （10.03±0.24） %, （9.94±0.14） %, （9.98±0.22） %, （8.18±0.34） % and （6.37±0.18）%, respectively. Positive rate of neurofilament protein in control group, at 6 hours, 1 or 3 days after injury was significantly different from that at 7 days after injury （P 〈 0.05）; Positive rate of neurofilament protein in control group, at 6 hours, 1, 3 or 7 days after injury was significantly different from that at 14 days after injury （P 〈 0.05）. It indicated that neuronal injury in lateral geniculate body was not obvious within short term after optic nerve injury, but obvious at 7 days after injury and progressively aggravated until at 14 days after injury.③ Neuronal apoptosis： TUNEL staining showed that neuronal apoptosis in lateral geniculate body appeared at 7 days after injury, and a Lot of neuronal apoptosis in lateral geniculate body was found at 14 days after injury. It indicated that neuronal injury in lateral geniculate body was related to apoptosis. CONCLUSION： In short term after optic nerve injury （within 7 days）, nerve injury of lateral geniculate body is not obvious, then, it will aggravate with the elongation of injury time. The occurrence of neuronal iniury of lateral geniculate body is related to the apoptosis of nerve cells.
