Mesenchymal stem cells require the peripheral immune system for immunomodulating effects in animal models of multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis（MS）is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system（CNS）that affects oligodendrocytes and myelin.Loss of myelin leads to progressive axonal damage and neuronal death resulting in neurodenegeration and functional disability.Several inflammatory factors influence the development of this neurological disorder.

Natural product based novel small molecules with promising neurotrophic,neurogenic and anti-neuroinflammatory actions can be developed as stroke therapeutics

Stroke is the world’s second leading cause of death and a major cause of adult disability.Among the different kinds of stroke,ischemic stroke is the most widely prevalent type,causing high morbidity and mortality worldwide（Moskowitz et al.,2010）.

Traumatic axonal injury of the medial lemniscus pathway in a patient with traumatic brain injury: validation by diffusion tensor tractography

Traumatic brain injury（TBI）is a common disability-causing neurological disorder.For successful rehabilitation of TBI patients,a thorough evaluation of the presence and extent of neural injury is essential for determining the optimal rehabilitation strategy and accurate prognosis.However,it is difficult to determine the status of neural tracts.

Awareness Status of Chronic Disabling Neurological Diseases among Elderly Veterans

Background：The awareness,treatment and prevention of chronic diseases are generally poor among the elderly population of China,whereas the prevention and control of chronic diseases in elderly veteran communities have been ongoing for more than 30 years.Therefore,investigating the awareness status of chronic disabling neurological diseases （CDND） and common chronic diseases （CCD） among elderly veterans may provide references for related programs among the elderly in the general population.Methods：A cross-sectional survey was conducted among veterans ≥60 years old in veteran communities in Beijing.The awareness of preventive strategies against dementia,Alzheimer＆#39;s disease （AD）,Parkinson＆#39;s disease （PD）,sleep disorders,cerebrovascular disease （CVD） and CCD such as hypertension,and the approaches used to access this information,including media,word of mouth （verbal communication among the elderly） and health care professionals,were investigated via face-to-face interviews.Results：The awareness rates for CCD and CVD were approximately 100%,but that forAD was the lowest at 〈10%.The awareness rates for sleep disorders,PD and dementia,were 51.0-89.4%.Media was the most commonly selected mode of communication by which veterans acquired knowledge about CCD and CVD.Media was used by approximately 80% of veterans.Both health care professionals and word of mouth were used by approximately 50% of veterans.With respect to the source of information about CDND excluding AD,the rates of the use of health care professionals,word of mouth and media were 10.6-28.2%,56.5-76.5%,and approximately 50%,respectively.Conclusions：The awareness of CDND among elderly veterans was significantly lower than that of CCD.More information about CDND should be disseminated by health care professionals.Appropriate guidance will promote the rapid and extensive dissemination of information about the prevention of CDND by media and word-of-mouth peer education.