AIM:To investigate whether neuron-glial antigen 2(NG2) could be an effective prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:NG2 expression was semi-quantitatively scored from the immunohistochemistry(IHC) ...AIM:To investigate whether neuron-glial antigen 2(NG2) could be an effective prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:NG2 expression was semi-quantitatively scored from the immunohistochemistry(IHC) data based on the number of positive cells and the staining intensity.A total of 132 HCC specimens and 96 adjacent noncancerous tissue samples were analyzed by IHC for NG2 protein expression.To confirm the NG2 expression levels observed by IHC,we measured NG2 expression in 30 randomly selected tumor and adjacent noncancerous tissue samples by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.The correlations between NG2 protein expression and the clinicopathological features of HCC patients were analyzed using the χ2 test.To assess the prognostic value of NG2 for HCC,the association between NG2 expression and survival was analyzed using the KaplanMeier method with the log-rank test.To further evaluate the prognostic value of NG2 expression,a Cox multivariate proportional hazards regression analysis was performed with all the variables to derive risk estimates related to disease-free and overall survival and to control for confounders.RESULTS:High NG2 expression was observed in significantly more primary tumor samples(63.6%; 84/132) compared with the adjacent noncancerous tissue samples(28.1%; 27/96)(P < 0.0001).Moreover,high NG2 protein expression was closely associated with tumor differentiation(χ2 = 9.436,P = 0.0089),recurrence(χ2 = 5.769,P = 0.0163),tumor-nodemetastasis(TNM) stage(χ2 = 8.976,P = 0.0027),and invasion(χ2 = 5.476,P = 0.0193).However,no significant relationship was observed between NG2 protein expression in HCC and other parameters,such as age,sex,tumor size,serum alpha fetoprotein(AFP),tumor number,or tumor capsule.The log-rank test indicated a significant difference in the overall survival of HCC patients with high NG2 expression compared with those with low NG2 expression(29.2% vs 9.5%,P < 0.001).Moreover,NG2 expression in HCC tissue significantly correlated with disease-free survival(15.2% vs 6.7%,P < 0.001).Multivariate analysis showed that NG2 expression(HR = 2.035,P = 0.002),serum AFP(HR = 1.903,P = 0.003),TNM stage(HR = 2.039,P = 0.001),and portal vein invasion(HR = 1.938,P = 0.002) were independent prognostic indicators for OS in HCC patients.Furthermore,NG2 expression(HR = 1.974,P = 0.003),serum AFP(HR = 1.767,P = 0.008),TNM stage(HR = 2.078,P = 0.001),tumor capsule(HR = 0.652,P = 0.045),and portal vein invasion(HR = 1.941,P = 0.002) were independent prognostic indicators for DFS in HCC patients.CONCLUSION:The up-regulation of NG2 is associated with poor prognosis in HCC.Therefore,NG2 could be useful as an additional prognostic marker to increase the resolution of traditional approaches.展开更多
Macroscopic spatiotemporal patterns arising in grey matter may explain the clinical manifestations of several functional neurological syndromes (migraine aura, epilepsies). Detailed descriptions of these patterns in c...Macroscopic spatiotemporal patterns arising in grey matter may explain the clinical manifestations of several functional neurological syndromes (migraine aura, epilepsies). Detailed descriptions of these patterns in central grey matter and their physicochemical or pharmacological manipulations can be useful in many scientific fields ranging from drug design to functional brain imaging. These evanescent dynamic structures are electrochemical in nature and show macroscopic tissue polarization due to coupled and macroscopic flow of ions and water across, along and between neuronal and glial membranes. So far the importance of the water flow in the CNS functional syndromes has been examined by manipulations of water channels aquaporines (AQP). In this paper we show the result of substituting H2O for D2O in retinal spreading depression experiments. This inverts the present logic by changing the flow in the water channels in intact tissue and observing the evolution of electrochemical patterns and recording the optical profiles of excitation waves in isolated chick retinas. D2O flow through AQPs is ~20% slower than that of H2O. The slower flux disturbs the tight coupling between ion and water flows across membranes and slowdown the Na-KATPase rate of change with metabolic consequences for the tissue. The whole tissue excitability shifts in a non-stationary manner toward a non-excitable state.展开更多
目的探讨血清低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)及相关临床特征与新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)发生风险的关系。方法选取2020年1月—2023年1月苏州大学附属儿童医院收治的85例HIE患儿作为HIE...目的探讨血清低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)及相关临床特征与新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)发生风险的关系。方法选取2020年1月—2023年1月苏州大学附属儿童医院收治的85例HIE患儿作为HIE组,另选取同期在该院出生的120例健康新生儿作为对照组,分析两组的临床资料并检测新生儿出生后3 d血清HIF-1α、NSE、GFAP水平。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清HIF-1α、NSE、GFAP水平预测新生儿HIE发病的价值;多因素逐步Logistic回归模型分析新生儿HIE发病的影响因素。结果与对照组相比,HIE组宫内窘迫、脐带异常、羊水污染、1 min Apgar评分≤7分的患儿比例较高(P<0.05),并且血清HIF-1α、NSE、GFAP水平较高(P<0.05);两组孕妇年龄、孕妇文化程度、胎龄、新生儿性别、出生体重、产次、剖宫产、胎膜早破比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,HIF-1α、NSE、GFAP及三者联合预测新生儿HIE发病的敏感性分别为82.7%(95%CI:0.795,0.862)、78.7%(95%CI:0.705,0.849)、84.0%(95%CI:0.803,0.891)、85.3%(95%CI:0.788,0.922),特异性分别为85.3%(95%CI:0.816,0.907)、74.7%(95%CI:0.715,0.796)、72.0%(95%CI:0.692,0.771)、90.5%(95%CI:0.825,0.956),AUC分别为0.907(95%CI:0.884,0.930)、0.850(95%CI:0.816,0.884)、0.893(95%CI:0.827,0.959)、0.936(95%CI:0.905,0.967);多因素逐步Logistic回归分析显示,宫内窘迫[O^R=3.592(95%CI:2.017,6.397)]、脐带异常[O^R=4.905(95%CI:2.862,8.406)]、羊水污染[O^R=7.262(95%CI:3.603,14.637)]、1 min Apgar评分≤7分[O^R=3.139(95%CI:1.954,5.043)]、HIF-1α≥0.463 ng/mL[O^R=2.916(95%CI:1.422,5.980)]、NSE≥12.395μg/L[O^R=3.714(95%CI:1.955,7.056)]、GFAP≥3.962 ng/mL[O^R=3.556(95%CI:2.039,6.202)]均是新生儿HIE发病的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论宫内窘迫、脐带异常、羊水污染、出生后1 min Apgar评分低及血清HIF-1α、NSE、GFAP水平高是新生儿HIE发病的危险因素,临床通过检测血清HIF-1α、NSE、GFAP水平可为临床筛查HIE提供帮助,3项指标联合检测可进一步提高诊断价值。展开更多
In recent years,a type of extracellular vesicles named exosomes has emerged that play an important role in intercellular communication under physiological and pathological conditions.These nanovesicles (30–150 nm) co...In recent years,a type of extracellular vesicles named exosomes has emerged that play an important role in intercellular communication under physiological and pathological conditions.These nanovesicles (30–150 nm) contain proteins,RNAs and lipids,and their internalization by bystander cells could alter their normal functions.This review focuses on recent knowledge about exosomes as messengers of neuron-glia communication and their participation in the physiological and pathological functions in the central nervous system.Special emphasis is placed on the role of exosomes under toxic or pathological stimuli within the brain,in which the glial exosomes containing inflammatory molecules are able to communicate with neurons and contribute to the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders.Given the small size and characteristics of exosomes,they can cross the blood-brain barrier and be used as biomarkers and diagnosis for brain disorders and neuropathologies.Finally,although the application potential of exosome is still limited,current studies indicate that exosomes represent a promising strategy to gain pathogenic information to identify therapeutically targets and biomarkers for neurological disorders and neuroinflammation.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81170425 and No.81071979Hepatobiliary Surgery Department of the Southwest Hospital(Chongqing,China)Third Military Medical University(Chongqing,China)
文摘AIM:To investigate whether neuron-glial antigen 2(NG2) could be an effective prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:NG2 expression was semi-quantitatively scored from the immunohistochemistry(IHC) data based on the number of positive cells and the staining intensity.A total of 132 HCC specimens and 96 adjacent noncancerous tissue samples were analyzed by IHC for NG2 protein expression.To confirm the NG2 expression levels observed by IHC,we measured NG2 expression in 30 randomly selected tumor and adjacent noncancerous tissue samples by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.The correlations between NG2 protein expression and the clinicopathological features of HCC patients were analyzed using the χ2 test.To assess the prognostic value of NG2 for HCC,the association between NG2 expression and survival was analyzed using the KaplanMeier method with the log-rank test.To further evaluate the prognostic value of NG2 expression,a Cox multivariate proportional hazards regression analysis was performed with all the variables to derive risk estimates related to disease-free and overall survival and to control for confounders.RESULTS:High NG2 expression was observed in significantly more primary tumor samples(63.6%; 84/132) compared with the adjacent noncancerous tissue samples(28.1%; 27/96)(P < 0.0001).Moreover,high NG2 protein expression was closely associated with tumor differentiation(χ2 = 9.436,P = 0.0089),recurrence(χ2 = 5.769,P = 0.0163),tumor-nodemetastasis(TNM) stage(χ2 = 8.976,P = 0.0027),and invasion(χ2 = 5.476,P = 0.0193).However,no significant relationship was observed between NG2 protein expression in HCC and other parameters,such as age,sex,tumor size,serum alpha fetoprotein(AFP),tumor number,or tumor capsule.The log-rank test indicated a significant difference in the overall survival of HCC patients with high NG2 expression compared with those with low NG2 expression(29.2% vs 9.5%,P < 0.001).Moreover,NG2 expression in HCC tissue significantly correlated with disease-free survival(15.2% vs 6.7%,P < 0.001).Multivariate analysis showed that NG2 expression(HR = 2.035,P = 0.002),serum AFP(HR = 1.903,P = 0.003),TNM stage(HR = 2.039,P = 0.001),and portal vein invasion(HR = 1.938,P = 0.002) were independent prognostic indicators for OS in HCC patients.Furthermore,NG2 expression(HR = 1.974,P = 0.003),serum AFP(HR = 1.767,P = 0.008),TNM stage(HR = 2.078,P = 0.001),tumor capsule(HR = 0.652,P = 0.045),and portal vein invasion(HR = 1.941,P = 0.002) were independent prognostic indicators for DFS in HCC patients.CONCLUSION:The up-regulation of NG2 is associated with poor prognosis in HCC.Therefore,NG2 could be useful as an additional prognostic marker to increase the resolution of traditional approaches.
文摘Macroscopic spatiotemporal patterns arising in grey matter may explain the clinical manifestations of several functional neurological syndromes (migraine aura, epilepsies). Detailed descriptions of these patterns in central grey matter and their physicochemical or pharmacological manipulations can be useful in many scientific fields ranging from drug design to functional brain imaging. These evanescent dynamic structures are electrochemical in nature and show macroscopic tissue polarization due to coupled and macroscopic flow of ions and water across, along and between neuronal and glial membranes. So far the importance of the water flow in the CNS functional syndromes has been examined by manipulations of water channels aquaporines (AQP). In this paper we show the result of substituting H2O for D2O in retinal spreading depression experiments. This inverts the present logic by changing the flow in the water channels in intact tissue and observing the evolution of electrochemical patterns and recording the optical profiles of excitation waves in isolated chick retinas. D2O flow through AQPs is ~20% slower than that of H2O. The slower flux disturbs the tight coupling between ion and water flows across membranes and slowdown the Na-KATPase rate of change with metabolic consequences for the tissue. The whole tissue excitability shifts in a non-stationary manner toward a non-excitable state.
文摘目的探讨血清低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)及相关临床特征与新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)发生风险的关系。方法选取2020年1月—2023年1月苏州大学附属儿童医院收治的85例HIE患儿作为HIE组,另选取同期在该院出生的120例健康新生儿作为对照组,分析两组的临床资料并检测新生儿出生后3 d血清HIF-1α、NSE、GFAP水平。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清HIF-1α、NSE、GFAP水平预测新生儿HIE发病的价值;多因素逐步Logistic回归模型分析新生儿HIE发病的影响因素。结果与对照组相比,HIE组宫内窘迫、脐带异常、羊水污染、1 min Apgar评分≤7分的患儿比例较高(P<0.05),并且血清HIF-1α、NSE、GFAP水平较高(P<0.05);两组孕妇年龄、孕妇文化程度、胎龄、新生儿性别、出生体重、产次、剖宫产、胎膜早破比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,HIF-1α、NSE、GFAP及三者联合预测新生儿HIE发病的敏感性分别为82.7%(95%CI:0.795,0.862)、78.7%(95%CI:0.705,0.849)、84.0%(95%CI:0.803,0.891)、85.3%(95%CI:0.788,0.922),特异性分别为85.3%(95%CI:0.816,0.907)、74.7%(95%CI:0.715,0.796)、72.0%(95%CI:0.692,0.771)、90.5%(95%CI:0.825,0.956),AUC分别为0.907(95%CI:0.884,0.930)、0.850(95%CI:0.816,0.884)、0.893(95%CI:0.827,0.959)、0.936(95%CI:0.905,0.967);多因素逐步Logistic回归分析显示,宫内窘迫[O^R=3.592(95%CI:2.017,6.397)]、脐带异常[O^R=4.905(95%CI:2.862,8.406)]、羊水污染[O^R=7.262(95%CI:3.603,14.637)]、1 min Apgar评分≤7分[O^R=3.139(95%CI:1.954,5.043)]、HIF-1α≥0.463 ng/mL[O^R=2.916(95%CI:1.422,5.980)]、NSE≥12.395μg/L[O^R=3.714(95%CI:1.955,7.056)]、GFAP≥3.962 ng/mL[O^R=3.556(95%CI:2.039,6.202)]均是新生儿HIE发病的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论宫内窘迫、脐带异常、羊水污染、出生后1 min Apgar评分低及血清HIF-1α、NSE、GFAP水平高是新生儿HIE发病的危险因素,临床通过检测血清HIF-1α、NSE、GFAP水平可为临床筛查HIE提供帮助,3项指标联合检测可进一步提高诊断价值。
基金supported by grants from the Health Ministry,PNSD(2018-I003)Institute Carlos III and FEDER funds(RTA-Network,RD16 0017 0004)+1 种基金Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(SAF2015-69187R)FEDER Funds,Generalitat Valenciana
文摘In recent years,a type of extracellular vesicles named exosomes has emerged that play an important role in intercellular communication under physiological and pathological conditions.These nanovesicles (30–150 nm) contain proteins,RNAs and lipids,and their internalization by bystander cells could alter their normal functions.This review focuses on recent knowledge about exosomes as messengers of neuron-glia communication and their participation in the physiological and pathological functions in the central nervous system.Special emphasis is placed on the role of exosomes under toxic or pathological stimuli within the brain,in which the glial exosomes containing inflammatory molecules are able to communicate with neurons and contribute to the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders.Given the small size and characteristics of exosomes,they can cross the blood-brain barrier and be used as biomarkers and diagnosis for brain disorders and neuropathologies.Finally,although the application potential of exosome is still limited,current studies indicate that exosomes represent a promising strategy to gain pathogenic information to identify therapeutically targets and biomarkers for neurological disorders and neuroinflammation.
