Neuron-glial antigen 2 overexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma predicts poor prognosis

AIM:To investigate whether neuron-glial antigen 2(NG2) could be an effective prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:NG2 expression was semi-quantitatively scored from the immunohistochemistry(IHC) data based on the number of positive cells and the staining intensity.A total of 132 HCC specimens and 96 adjacent noncancerous tissue samples were analyzed by IHC for NG2 protein expression.To confirm the NG2 expression levels observed by IHC,we measured NG2 expression in 30 randomly selected tumor and adjacent noncancerous tissue samples by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.The correlations between NG2 protein expression and the clinicopathological features of HCC patients were analyzed using the χ2 test.To assess the prognostic value of NG2 for HCC,the association between NG2 expression and survival was analyzed using the KaplanMeier method with the log-rank test.To further evaluate the prognostic value of NG2 expression,a Cox multivariate proportional hazards regression analysis was performed with all the variables to derive risk estimates related to disease-free and overall survival and to control for confounders.RESULTS:High NG2 expression was observed in significantly more primary tumor samples(63.6%; 84/132) compared with the adjacent noncancerous tissue samples(28.1%; 27/96)(P < 0.0001).Moreover,high NG2 protein expression was closely associated with tumor differentiation(χ2 = 9.436,P = 0.0089),recurrence(χ2 = 5.769,P = 0.0163),tumor-nodemetastasis(TNM) stage(χ2 = 8.976,P = 0.0027),and invasion(χ2 = 5.476,P = 0.0193).However,no significant relationship was observed between NG2 protein expression in HCC and other parameters,such as age,sex,tumor size,serum alpha fetoprotein(AFP),tumor number,or tumor capsule.The log-rank test indicated a significant difference in the overall survival of HCC patients with high NG2 expression compared with those with low NG2 expression(29.2% vs 9.5%,P < 0.001).Moreover,NG2 expression in HCC tissue significantly correlated with disease-free survival(15.2% vs 6.7%,P < 0.001).Multivariate analysis showed that NG2 expression(HR = 2.035,P = 0.002),serum AFP(HR = 1.903,P = 0.003),TNM stage(HR = 2.039,P = 0.001),and portal vein invasion(HR = 1.938,P = 0.002) were independent prognostic indicators for OS in HCC patients.Furthermore,NG2 expression(HR = 1.974,P = 0.003),serum AFP(HR = 1.767,P = 0.008),TNM stage(HR = 2.078,P = 0.001),tumor capsule(HR = 0.652,P = 0.045),and portal vein invasion(HR = 1.941,P = 0.002) were independent prognostic indicators for DFS in HCC patients.CONCLUSION:The up-regulation of NG2 is associated with poor prognosis in HCC.Therefore,NG2 could be useful as an additional prognostic marker to increase the resolution of traditional approaches.

Serum tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, carbohydrate antigen 72-4, carbohydrate antigen 24-2, ferritin) and gastric cancer prognosis correlation

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a kind of malignant tumor which is prevalent all over the world.Although some progress has been made in the treatment of gastric cancer,its prognosis is still not optimistic,so it is of great significance to find reliable prog-nostic indicators to guide the treatment and management of patients with gastric cancer.AIM To explore the relationship between serum levels of five biomarkers[carcinoem-bryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen(CA)19-9,CA72-4,CA24-2,and ferritin]and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.METHODS This study included 200 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma,and conducted an in-depth analysis of their baseline characteristics,relationship between tumor markers and staging,and prognosis.The study found that CA19-9 has a signi-ficant correlation with tumor stage,the average levels of CA24-2,CEA,CA72-4 and ferritin were slightly increased disregarding the stage of tumor.Survival analysis showed that increases in CEA,CA19-9,CA24-2,and ferritin were all associated with shortened overall survival of patients.Further multivariate ana-lysis revealed that elevated serum CA72-4 levels were an inde-pendent adverse prognostic factor.RESULTS This study reveals that there is a significant correlation between the expression levels of serum tumor markers CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4,CA24-2 and ferritin in patients with gastric cancer and prognosis,and can be used as important indicators for prognostic evaluation of gastric cancer.In particular,markers that appear abnormally elevated initially may help identify gastric cancer patients with poor prognosis.CONCLUSION Serum CEA and CA19-9 play an important role in the prognosis assessment of gastric cancer,and are effective tools to guide clinical practice and optimize individualized treatment strategies for gastric cancer patients.

经直肠超声联合血清EPCA-2、hK2对前列腺癌的早期诊断价值研究

目的探究经直肠超声联合血清早期前列腺癌抗原-2(EPCA-2)、己糖激酶-2(hK2)对前列腺癌的早期诊断价值。方法选取2022年6月至2023年12月在郑州大学第一附属医院确诊的98例前列腺癌患者作为试验组,另选取同期在本院确诊的72例前列腺增生患者为对照组。比较两组患者血清EPCA-2、hK2水平;ROC曲线分析经直肠超声联合血清EPCA-2、hK2对前列腺癌的诊断价值。结果与对照组相比,试验组的血清EPCA-2、hK2水平均明显升高(P<0.05);血清EPCA-2、hK2水平对前列腺癌早期诊断的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.845、0.869;经直肠超声对前列腺癌早期诊断的AUC为0.836,三者联合诊断的AUC为0.870。结论前列腺癌患者血清EPCA-2、hK2水平均明显上调,经直肠超声联合血清EPCA-2、hK2对前列腺癌早期诊断的准确率明显高于血清EPCA-2、hK2单独诊断,具有更高的诊断效能。

脓毒症合并2型糖尿病患者单核细胞人白细胞DR抗原的表达水平分析

目的观察2型糖尿病(T2DM)对脓毒症患者外周血单核细胞表面人白细胞DR抗原(HLA-DR)表达水平的影响。方法选取首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院2021年3月至2022年2月收治的65例脓毒症合并T2DM(脓毒症合并T2DM组)、67例脓毒症未合并T2DM(脓毒症组)、60例T2DM患者(T2DM组)作为研究对象,以45例同期本院健康体检志愿者作为健康对照组。收集受试者性别、年龄、既往史、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、入院时血糖、白细胞计数(WBC)淋巴细胞计数(LYM)超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、主要感染部位,入院24h内进行序贯器官衰竭评分(SOFA)。采用流式细胞术检测外周血HLA-DR+CD14^(+)细胞表达百分比及平均荧光强度(MFI);并随访28d,观察T2DM对脓毒症患者28d预后的影响,比较不同预后患者HLA-DR^(+)CD14^(+)水平的差异。结果T2DM组HLA-DR^(+)CD14^(+)细胞表达百分比和MFI均明显低于健康对照组[HLA-DR^(+)CD14^(+)细胞表达百分比:87.72%(76.18%,93.64%)比94.86%(92.91%,95.70%),HLA-DR^(+)CD14^(+)MFI:10.80(8.45,14.45)比12.40(1.45,15.28)],脓毒症合并T2DM组和脓毒症组HLA-DRCD14^(+)细胞表达百分比和MFI均较健康对照组及T2DM组进一步降低[HLA-DR^(+)CD14^(+)细胞表达百分比:70.78%(42.22%,84.73%)、68.95%(44.95%,87.00%)比94.86%(92.91%,95.70%)、87.72%(76.18%,93.64%),HLA-DR^(+)CD14^(+)MFI:5.50(3.81,9.20)、5.29(3.35,9.59)比12.40(1.45,15.28)、10.80(8.45,14.45),均P<0.05]。脓毒症组和毒症合并T2DM组两组HLA-DR^(+)CD14^(+)细胞表达百分比和MFI、SOFA评分、28d病死率比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。脓毒症组和脓毒症合并T2DM组死亡者的年龄明显大于生存者[岁:脓毒症组为68(60,74)比61(52,69),脓毒症合并T2DM组为66(64,73)比60(53,68),均P<0.05],SOFA评分明显高于生存者[分:脓毒症组为14(11,16)比8(5,11),脓毒症合并T2DM组为12(9,16)比8(6,11),均P<0.05],死亡组的HLA-DR^(+)CD14^(+)百分比和HLA-DR^(+)CD14^(+)MFI均明显低于生存组[HLA-DR^(+)CD14^(+)细胞表达百分比:脓毒症组为44.94%(28.01%,64.45%)比77.14%(47.41%,88.35%),脓毒症合并T2DM组为40.68%(34.83%,66.64%)比73.46%(58.44%,85.31%);HLA-DR^(+)CD14^(+)MFI:脓毒症组为3.92(2.30,5.44)比7.07(3.39,10.55),脓毒症合并T2DM组为3.90(3.34,6.04)比6.81(4.41,9.32),均P<0.05]。相关性分析显示:T2DM组、脓毒症组和脓毒症合并T2DM组HLA-DR^(+)CD14^(+)细胞表达百分比与hs-CRP均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.448、-0.628、-0.457,均P<0.001),MFI与hs-CRP亦呈负相关(r值分别为-0.289、-0.540、-0.323,均P<0.05)。脓毒症组和脓毒症合并T2DM组的HLA-DR^(+)CD14^(+)百分比与SOFA评分均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.520、-0.558,均P<0.001),MFI与SOFA评分也均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.327、-0.482,均P<0.01)。结论仑HLA-DR^(+)CD14^(+)水平在T2DM和脓毒症时均下降,但当脓毒症合并T2DM时,HLA-DR+CD14^(+)水平未发现进一步下降。

PCNA、Bcl-2及EGFR在喉癌组织中的表达及与临床病理特征、生存的关系

目的探讨增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)及表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)在喉癌组织中的表达及与临床病理特征、生存的关系。方法选取2017年3月—2020年1月在苏州大学附属第一医院因喉癌行手术治疗的92例患者的喉癌组织及对应癌旁组织标本。检测癌组织与癌旁组织PCNA mRNA、Bcl-2mRNA、EGFR mRNA相对表达量,多元线性回归分析其癌组织表达与临床病理特征的关系。随访3年,采用Kaplain-Maier曲线分析不同PCNA、Bcl-2、EGFR表达水平患者生存情况差异。结果癌组织PCNA mRNA、Bcl-2 mRNA、EGFR mRNA相对表达量高于癌旁组织(P<0.05)。不同年龄、肿瘤部位患者PCNA mRNA、Bcl-2 mRNA、EGFR mRNA相对表达量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);低分化,临床分期Ⅲ、Ⅳ期及淋巴结转移患者PCNA mRNA、Bcl-2 mRNA、EGFR mRNA相对表达量分别高于中、高分化,临床分期Ⅰ、Ⅱ期,无淋巴结转移患者(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,肿瘤分化程度、临床分期、淋巴结转移是喉癌组织PCNA mRNA、Bcl-2 mRNA、EGFR mRNA表达的影响因素。Kaplain-Maier曲线分析结果显示,PCNA mRNA高表达患者3年无进展生存率、总生存率分别为59.57%和70.21%,低于低表达患者的80.00%和88.89%(P<0.05);Bcl-2 mRNA高表达患者3年无进展生存率、总生存率分别为60.78%和70.59%,低于低表达患者的80.49%和90.24%(P<0.05);EGFR mRNA高表达患者3年无进展生存率、总生存率分别为59.09%和70.45%,低于低表达患者的79.17%、87.50%(P<0.05)。结论喉癌组织PCNA、Bcl-2、EGFR呈高表达,且其高表达状态与肿瘤分期高、分化程度低、淋巴结转移有关,PCNA、Bcl-2、EGFR表达水平可在一定程度上反映患者预后。

CA125、Ang-2在子宫肌瘤患者血清中的表达及其与术后转归的关系

目的探讨糖类抗原125(CA125)、血管生成素-2(Ang-2)在子宫肌瘤患者血清中的表达及其与术后转归的关系,为评估肿瘤活性和预测术后复发风险提供参考。方法选取2019年1月至2020年12月攀枝花市第二人民医院收治的60例接受子宫肌瘤剔除术的患者作为研究对象,设为观察组。另选取同期60例健康体检子宫正常者设为对照组。检测对照组及观察组术前、术后7 d血清CA125、Ang-2水平,并对观察组进行1年的随访。采用Logistic回归分析影响术后复发的危险因素;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清CA125、Ang-2水平与术后子宫肌瘤复发的预测价值。结果观察组术前血清CA125、Ang-2水平均高于对照组(P<0.05),观察组术后7 d血清CA125、Ang-2水平均低于观察组术前(P<0.05)。观察组术后随访1年,其中复发15例,未复发45例,复发率为25.0%。复发组术后7 d血清CA125、Ang-2水平均高于未复发组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,术后7 d血清CA125、Ang-2水平是影响术后复发的独立危险因素(OR=1.032、1.046,P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,术后7 d血清CA125、Ang-2水平对术后肌瘤复发的预测价值较高,曲线下面积分别为0.823、0.841。结论子宫肌瘤患者血清CA125、Ang-2水平高与子宫肿瘤生长及复发有关,可作为评估子宫肌瘤活性和预测术后转归的指标,是影响术后复发的独立危险因素,具有较高的预测价值。

EBNA2免疫组化在EB病毒阳性淋巴组织疾病中的表达意义

目的观察EBNA2免疫组化在不同EB病毒阳性淋巴组织疾病中的表达差异、分析其在病理诊断与鉴别诊断中的价值。方法收集344例EB病毒阳性的淋巴组织疾病,总结EBNA2免疫组化在病变中的表达特点。结果不同的EBV阳性淋巴组织病变,EBNA2的阳性表达不同:IM中阳性39例(39/46),EBV阳性的弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤3例(3/30),淋巴瘤样肉芽肿1例(1/5),纤维素相关弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤2例(2/2),浆母细胞淋巴瘤1例(1/14),免疫相关淋巴组织增殖性疾病32例(32/58)(包括移植后淋巴组织增殖性疾病21例,HIV相关Burkitt淋巴瘤1例,HIV相关弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤2例,原发免疫缺陷疾病相关淋巴组织疾病6例,医源性免疫相关淋巴组织增殖性疾病2例)。其余均显示EBNA2阴性。②不同病变中的EBNA2阳性细胞表达明显不同:传染性单核细胞增多症中的EBNA2阳性细胞相对较少,并且多呈散在分布,几乎很少见到簇状聚集的情况。EBNA2阳性细胞多表现为≤10个/HPF,少见11~50个/HPF,仅有个别病例显示大于50个/HPF。免疫相关淋巴组织增殖性疾病中,出现大量EBNA2阳性细胞,阳性细胞较弥漫分布,大部分为强阳性,并且阳性细胞多显示大于50个/HPF。结论EBNA2阳性在疾病的诊断及鉴别诊断提供了新的依据,具有一定的价值;当病变表达EBNA2时,提示患者可能存在免疫缺陷或处于免疫失调状态,对临床诊断及治疗具有一定的指导意义。

乳腺癌患者HER2、CA153表达与声触诊组织成像定量技术参数的相关性分析

目的:分析乳腺癌患者人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)、糖类抗原153(CA153)表达与声触诊组织成像定量(VTIQ)技术参数的相关性。方法:选取2018年5月至2020年5月合肥市第三人民医院收治的80例女性乳腺癌患者,其中世界卫生组织(WHO)分期Ⅰ期14例、Ⅱ期22例、Ⅲ期31例、Ⅳ期13例;另选取同时间段收治的53例女性乳腺良性疾病患者为对照。所有患者先行常规超声检查,随后进入超声VTIQ成像模式获得剪切波速度(SWV)均值参数;采用免疫组织化学法检测乳腺组织中HER2表达,采用罗氏E411电化学发光免疫分析仪检测血清CA153水平;采用Pearson法分析乳腺癌患者血清CA153水平与SWV均值的相关性。结果:与良性患者比较,乳腺癌患者VTIQ技术参数SWV均值、血清CA153水平及HRR2阳性表达率均显著升高,差异有统计学意义(F=39.107,78.353,P<0.05);与乳腺癌Ⅰ+Ⅱ期患者比较,乳腺癌Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者VTIQ技术参数SWV均值、血清CA153水平、HRR2阳性表达率均显著升高,差异有统计学意义(t=2.685、3.556、8.326、10.455,P<0.05);与乳腺癌Ⅲ期比较,乳腺癌Ⅳ期患者VTIQ技术参数SWV均值、血清CA153水平、HRR2阳性表达率均显著升高,差异有统计学意义(t=4.632、8.659,P<0.05)。与HER2阴性表达乳腺癌患者SWV均值比较,HER2阳性表达乳腺癌患者SWV均值升高,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=59.751,P<0.05)。乳腺癌患者血清CA153水平与SWV均值呈正相关(r=0.501,P<0.05)。结论:乳腺癌患者VTIQ参数SWV均值与乳腺癌患者生物标志物HER2、CA153表达水平密切相关。

血清SIRT1、Fibulin-5、Bcl-2/Bax与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂所致脑梗死的关系及联合检测价值

目的 探讨血清沉默信息调节蛋白1 (SIRT1)、衰老关键蛋白抗原-5 (Fibulin-5)、B淋巴细胞瘤基因-2(Bcl-2)/B淋巴细胞瘤基因-2相关X蛋白(Bax)与颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)斑块破裂所致脑梗死(ACI)的关系及联合检测价值。方法 选取新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院2021年1月至2023年2月CAS斑块破裂所致ACI患者98例作为研究组,另选取同期CAS斑块未破裂患者98例作为对照组,比较两组血清SIRT1、Fibulin-5、Bcl-2、Bax水平,分析各血清指标对CAS斑块破裂所致ACI风险的影响及与病情的关系,并评价各血清学指标单独及联合预测CAS斑块破裂所致ACI的价值。结果 研究组血清SIRT1、Bcl-2水平低于对照组,Fibulin-5、Bax水平高于对照组(P<0.05);大面积梗死(MCI)患者血清SIRT1、Bcl-2水平<小面积梗死患者<腔隙性梗死(LI)患者,Fibulin-5、Bax水平>小面积梗死患者> LI患者(P<0.05);重度神经功能缺损患者血清SIRT1、Bcl-2水平<中度神经功能缺损患者<轻度神经功能缺损患者,Fibulin-5、Bax水平>中度神经功能缺损患者>轻度神经功能缺损患者(P<0.05);血清SIRT1、Bcl-2低水平患者CAS斑块破裂所致ACI风险是高水平患者的2.311倍、2.921倍,Fibulin-5、Bax高水平患者CAS斑块破裂所致ACI风险是低水平患者的3.470倍、3.184倍(P<0.05);血清SIRT1、Bcl-2与梗死面积、神经功能缺损程度呈负相关,Fibulin-5、Bax与梗死面积、神经功能缺损程度呈正相关(P<0.05);血清SIRT1、Fibulin-5、Bcl-2、Bax预测CAS斑块破裂所致ACI的AUC分别为0.716 (95%CI:0.648~0.778)、0.796 (95%CI:0.733~0.850)、0.728 (95%CI:0.660~0.789)、0.763 (95%CI:0.698~0.821),联合预测CAS斑块破裂所致ACI的AUC为0.909 (95%CI:0.860~0.945),优于各血清指标单独预测。结论 血清SIRT1、Fibulin-5、Bcl-2/Bax与CAS斑块破裂所致ACI及其病情程度密切相关,联合预测价值可靠,对临床开展防治工作具有指导意义。

ER、PR、HER-2及Ki-67表达与乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后病理完全缓解的相关性分析

目的:分析雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)、孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR)、人表皮生长因子受体-2(human epidermal growth factor receptor-2,HER-2)及Ki67抗原(Ki-67)表达与乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后病理完全缓解(pathologic complete response,pCR)的相关性。方法:回顾性分析2022年1月—2023年12月在江西省肿瘤医院行新辅助化疗的200例乳腺癌患者的临床资料,根据化疗后手术病理标本,分为pCR组68例和非pCR组132例,比较两组临床资料和ER、PR、HER-2及Ki-67表达,多因素logistic回归分析ER、PR、HER-2及Ki-67表达与pCR的相关性。结果:单因素分析显示,pCR组临床分期Ⅱ期比例高于非pCR组,ER、PR阴性比例均高于非pCR组,HER-2阳性比例高于非pCR组,Ki-67≥20%比例高于非pCR组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,临床分期Ⅲ期、ER阳性、PR阳性、HER-2阴性、Ki-67<20%是乳腺癌新辅助化疗后pCR的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:ER、PR、HER-2及Ki-67表达是乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后pCR的影响因素,可为临床治疗提供依据。

术后血清MMP-2、SCCA1表达水平对鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤术后复发的预测价值

目的探讨术后血清基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)、鳞状细胞癌抗原1(SCCA1)表达水平对鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤(SNIP)患者术后复发的预测价值。方法回顾性分析手术治疗的SNIP患者65例,根据术后2年内复发情况,将其分为复发组(n=12)和未复发组(n=53)。Elisa法检测手术前后血清MMP-2、SCCA1表达水平。收录临床资料,包括性别、年龄、饮酒史、吸烟史、肿瘤部位、手术方式、术后有无应用5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fluorouracil,5-FU)、Krouse分期及有无糖尿病、高血压;Logistic回归分析影响SNIP患者术后复发的危险因素;ROC曲线分析术后血清MMP-2、SCCA1表达水平对SNIP患者术后复发的预测价值。结果术后,2组血清MMP-2、SCCA1表达水平均较术前降低(P<0.05),但复发组血清MMP-2、SCCA1表达水平均高于未复发组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,有吸烟史、术后未应用5-FU、Krouse分期为T3~T4期、术后血清MMP-2表达水平、SCCA1表达水平是影响SNIP患者术后复发的危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,术后血清MMP-2、SCCA1表达水平单独及二者联合预测SNIP患者术后复发的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.786、0.800、0.836,敏感度分别为83.33%、75.00%、91.67%,特异度分别为71.70%、79.25%、75.47%。结论术后血清MMP-2、SCCA1表达水平可作为预测SNIP患者术后复发的辅助指标,且二者联合预测的效果更佳。

Serum tumor markers expression(CA199,CA242,and CEA)and its clinical implications in type 2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND Glucose and lipid metabolic disorder in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is associated with the levels of serum tumor markers of the digestive tract,such as cancer antigen(CA)199.Therefore,tumor markers in T2DM are important.AIM To evaluate the expression of serum tumor markers[CA199,CA242,and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)]and the clinical implications of the expression in T2DM.METHODS For this observational study conducted at Hefei BOE Hospital,China,we enrolled 82 patients with first-onset T2DM and 51 controls between April 2019 and December 2020.Levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG),tumor markers(CA199,CEA,and CA242),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),etc.were measured and group index levels were compared.Moreover,FBG and HbA1c levels were correlated with tumor marker levels.Tumor markers were tested for diagnostic accuracy in patients with>9%HbA1c using the receiver operating curve(ROC)curve.RESULTS The T2DM group had high serum FBG,HbA1c,CA199,and CEA levels(P<0.05).A comparative analysis of the two groups based on HbA1c levels(Group A:HbA1c≤9%;Group B:HbA1c>9%)revealed significant differences in CEA and CA199 levels(P<0.05).The areas under the ROC curve for CEA and CA199 were 0.853 and 0.809,respectively.CA199,CEA,and CA242 levels positively correlated with HbA1c(r=0.308,0.426,and 0.551,respectively)and FBG levels(r=0.236,0.231,and 0.298,respectively).CONCLUSION As compared to controls,serum CEA and CA199 levels were higher in patients with T2DM.HbA1c and FBG levels correlated with CA199,CEA,and CA242 levels.Patients with poorly controlled blood sugar must be screened for tumor markers.

Association of Haplotypes in Exon 4 of KLK2 Gene with Raised Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen

The standard diagnostic modalities for Prostate Cancer (PC) include serum Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) assay, Digital Rectal Examination (DRE), and histological examination of prostate biopsy. They are limited by low predictive potential and inability to predict which patients are at risk of developing metastatic disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the exon 4 of the KLK2 gene of subjects for changes in its nucleotide sequences (SNPs) and determine the correlation of these changes with serum PSA in an Igbo population of Nigeria. One hundred male subjects aged 40 years and above, who gave their consent, were used for the study. Their PSA determinations were done using ELISA technique while genetic studies were carried out using real-time PCR. tPSA, fPSA, and % fPSA of the subjects ranged between 0.8% - 18.30%, 0.10% - 1.60% and 0.0% - 0.7% respectively. Of the 100 subjects, 28 subjects had tPSA levels above 4.0 ng/ml with a mean of 7.10 (±3.30) ng/ml. Those with tPSA less than 4 ng/ml had a mean of 1.87 (±0.85) ng/m. 15 subjects showed SNPs with a mean tPSA of 6.87 (±4.82) ng/ml while the remaining 85 subjects without SNPs had a mean of 1.86 (±0.80) ng/ml. Results from direct DNA sequencing showed 11 SNPs. Ten subjects are curated in SNP database while one is uncurated. The Chi-square test showed significant association (p = 0.00) between tPSA levels and SNPs mutation (X2 = 17.35, p = 0.00). A Kruskal-Wallis test demonstrated that the positional arrangement of the SNP mutations had no effect on PSA-total or free-values (H (10) = 10.92, p = 0.28;H (10) = 10.07, p = 0.38 respectively). Two SNPs: rs6072 and rs74478031 were associated with elevated PSA levels (p < 0.05). Their presence, therefore, has the potential to serve, in conjunction with raised PSA, as biomarkers of prostate cancer in the study population.

微小扇头蜱microRNA文库建立及miR-275靶蛋白Vg-2的生物信息学分析

【目的】建立饱血状态雌性微小扇头蜱的microRNA文库,鉴定所含microRNA的种类,分析miR-275靶蛋白Vg-2的二、三级结构,检测其信号肽、跨膜结构域、磷酸化及糖基化位点,预测其优势抗原表位。【方法】以雌性、饱血状态的微小扇头蜱为研究对象,通过高通量测序技术建立其microRNA文库,利用软件miRDP及检索miRBase数据库,鉴定饱血状态雌性微小扇头蜱所含的microRNA种类;运用在线软件EXPASY、PRABI与SWISS-MODEL等分析Vg-2蛋白质理化性质,推断其二、三级结构;运用在线软件SignalP 5.0、TMHMM、NetPhos 3.1及NETCGlyc 1.0检测该蛋白的信号肽、跨膜结构域、磷酸化与糖基化位点;利用在线软件ABCpred Prediction、Scratch、IEDB和NetCTL预测Vg-2蛋白的B、T细胞优势抗原表位。【结果】获得成熟的microRNA 383个,其中67个为已被鉴定和注释的microRNA,316个为新发现的microRNA;微小扇头蜱的Vg-2基因序列全长5040 bp,共编码1679个氨基酸;Vg-2蛋白为亲水性酸蛋白,分子大小为189.89 kDa,理论等电点(pI)为6.08,其二级结构以无规则卷曲为主要结构成分,而其三级结构却以β-折叠为主要结构成分;Vg-2蛋白存在268个磷酸位点,20个糖基化位点,无信号肽和跨膜结构域,拥有58个B细胞优势抗原表位和8个T细胞优势抗原表位。【结论】在饱血状态雌性微小扇头蜱体内含有383个microRNA,受miR-275调控的Vg-2蛋白为结构不稳定的亲水性酸蛋白,具有良好的抗原性与免疫源性。

TROP2蛋白在涎腺腺样囊性癌中的表达及与患者预后的关系

目的 探讨滋养层细胞表面抗原2(trophoblast cell-surface antigens 2,TROP2)在涎腺腺样囊性癌(salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma,SACC)中的表达,并分析其与临床病理特征之间的关系,明确TROP2的表达与SACC患者预后的相关性。方法 本研究获得单位伦理委员会的批准,采用免疫组织化学方法检测TROP2在85例SACC组织及各自癌旁组织中的表达情况,分析其表达情况与临床病理特征的关系;利用Kaplan-Meier法对40例SACC患者进行TROP2蛋白表达与患者术后五年无病生存期(disease-free survival,DFS)的关系分析;同时,采用Logistic回归模型分析影响SACC患者预后的因素。结果 TROP2在SACC组织中的低表达或不表达率显著高于癌旁组织(P<0.001);TROP2低表达或不表达与SACC患者肿瘤的生长以及临床分期呈显著正相关性(P<0.05);Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示:TROP2蛋白低表达或不表达的SACC患者的DFS显著低于高表达患者(P<0.05),预后不良。Logistic回归模型预后分析显示:TROP2蛋白低表达或不表达(OR=5.37;95%CI:1.03~28.08;P=0.046)与Ⅲ-Ⅳ临床分期(OR=6.89;95%CI:1.37~34.77;P=0.019)均为影响SACC患者预后的危险因素。结论 TROP2蛋白在SACC组织中低表达或不表达,患者预后不良,与肿瘤的生长、临床分期呈正相关,且TROP2低表达或不表达可作为SACC患者预后不良的独立危险因素,TROP2为SACC患者预后不良的标志物。

基于响应面分析的高抗原活性猪链球菌2型疫苗培养基的研制与效果评价研究

试验旨在研制具有高抗原活性的猪链球菌2型(Streptococcus suis type 2,SS2)疫苗培养基。研究以SS2 CVCC60615株为试验对象,通过单因素试验、Plackett-Burman试验、最陡爬坡试验和响应面分析得到SS2疫苗培养基。培养基发酵验证结果显示,SS2疫苗培养基菌液最大活菌数为1.09×10^(9) CFU/mL,是TSB培养基最大活菌数的2.41倍。测定SS2不同时间点的抗原活性发现,在SS2发酵培养过程中当活菌数达到最大值后的1~3 h内细菌的抗原活性最高。小鼠感染试验表明,SS2抗原活性最高时制备的灭活疫苗与商品化灭活疫苗相比具有更高的免疫球蛋白G(IgG)抗体效价和疫苗保护率。研究表明,采用研制得到的高抗原活性SS2疫苗培养基制备的灭活疫苗具有IgG抗体效价高、免疫保护力强的优点。

前列腺特异性抗原同源异构体2及其衍生物对血清前列腺特异性抗原4~10μg/L前列腺病变患者的临床诊断价值

目的探讨前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)同源异构体2(P2PSA)及其衍生物在血清PSA 4~10μg/L前列腺病变患者临床诊断中的应用。方法选取2021年6月至2022年6月景德镇第一人民医院及南昌大学第二附属医院收治的血清PSA 4~10μg/L的52例前列腺病变患者作为研究对象,根据直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检结果分为实验组(前列腺癌)与对照组(良性前列腺增生),每组26例。两组均行血清标志物检测[总PSA(tPSA)、P2PSA及百分比P2PSA(%P2PSA)、游离PSA(fPSA)、前列腺健康指数(PHI)],比较两组血清标志物,采用Logistic分析法分析血清标志物检测与前列腺癌的相关性,采用Spearman分析法分析血清标志物与前列腺癌侵袭性、淋巴结转移风险的相关性,绘制ROC曲线分析血清标志物对前列腺癌的诊断效能。结果两组tPSA水平比较差异比较无统计学意义;实验组P2PSA水平、%P2PSA、PHI水平均高于对照组,fPSA水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic分析结果显示,tPSA与前列腺癌无相关性;P2PSA、%P2PSA、PHI均与前列腺癌呈正相关(P<0.05);fPSA与前列腺癌呈负相关(P<0.05)。Spearman分析结果显示,tPSA与前列腺癌侵袭性、淋巴结转移风险无相关;P2PSA、%P2PSA、PHI均与前列腺癌侵袭性、淋巴结转移风险均呈正相关(P<0.05);fPSA与前列腺癌侵袭性、淋巴结转移风险均呈负相关(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,P2PSA、%P2PSA、fPSA、PHI诊断前列腺癌的AUC分别为0.783、0.746、0.740、0.777,灵敏度分别为76.92%、65.38%、69.23%、61.54%,特异度分别为69.23%、80.77%、73.08%、80.77%,截断值分别为>18.80μg/L、>1.57、≤1.52μg/L、>4.73,均具备一定的诊断效能(AUC>0.7);tPSA诊断前列腺癌的AUC为0.525,诊断效能较差。结论P2PSA、%P2PSA、fPSA、PHI在血清PSA 4~10μg/L前列腺病变患者临床诊断中均具备一定的诊断效能,且P2PSA、%P2PSA、fPSA、PHI与前列腺癌侵袭性及淋巴结转移风险密切相关,可应用于前列腺癌患者的临床诊断以及前列腺癌侵袭性、淋巴结转移风险的评估。

Evaluation of a Rapid Diagnostic Test, Boson Biotech SARS CoV-2 Ag, for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Gabon

1) Background: Rapid and acurate diagnostic testing for case identification, quarantine, and contact tracing is essential for managing the COVID 19 pandemic. Rapid antigen detection tests are available, however, it is important to evaluate their performances before use. We tested a rapid antigen detection of SARS-CoV-2, based on the immunochromatography (Boson Biotech SARS-CoV-2 Ag Test (Xiamen Boson Biotech Co., Ltd., China)) and the results were compared with the real time reverse transcriptase-Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (Gold standard) results;2) Methods: From November 2021 to December 2021, samples were collected from symptomatic patients and asymptomatic individuals referred for testing in a hospital during the second pandemic wave in Gabon. All these participants attending “CTA Angondjé”, a field hospital set up as part of the management of COVID-19 in Gabon. Two nasopharyngeal swabs were collected in all the patients, one for Ag test and the other for RT-PCR;3) Results: A total of 300 samples were collected from 189 symptomatic and 111 asymptomatic individuals. The sensitivity and specificity of the antigen test were 82.5% [95%CI 73.8 - 89.3] and 97.9 % [95%CI 92.2 - 98.2] respectively, and the diagnostic accuracy was 84.4% (95% CI: 79.8 - 88.3%). The antigen test was more likely to be positive for samples with RT-PCR Ct values ≤ 32, with a sensitivity of 89.8%;4) Conclusions: The Boson Biotech SARS-CoV-2 Ag Test has good sensitivity and can detect SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially among symptomatic individuals with low viral load. This test could be incorporated into efficient testing algorithms as an alternative to PCR to decrease diagnostic delays and curb viral transmission.

Serum tumor markers:Can they clinically implicate in type 2 diabetes mellitus?

“Serum tumor markers expression(CA19-9,CA242,and CEA)and its clinical implications in type 2 diabetes mellitus”authored by Meng and Shi presents an observational case-control study investigating the correlation between tumor markers and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).The study explores the diagnostic accuracy of tumor markers,particularly cancer antigen 19-9(CA19-9),CA242,and carcinoembryonic antigen,in poorly controlled T2DM patients with hemoglobin A1c levels exceeding 9%,employing receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.Though study offers valuable insights into the potential utility of tumor markers in clinical practice,caution is advised regarding routine tumor marker testing due to challenges such as limited availability and cost.Additionally,the study overlooks potential confounding factors like smoking and alcohol consumption.Variations in CA19-9 and CA242 expression underscore the complex interplay between tumor markers and systemic diseases,warranting further investigation into their diagnostic and prognostic implications.While Meng and Shi represent a significant contribution to the field,more extensive research is needed to fully elucidate the role of tumor markers in diabetes management and beyond.

Genetic and biological properties of H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated in central China from2020 to 2022

The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus(AIV)is widely prevalent in poultry and wild birds globally,and has become the predominant subtype circulating in poultry in China.The H9N2 AIV can directly or indirectly(by serving as a"donor virus")infect humans,posing a significant threat to public health.Currently,there is a lack of in-depth research on the prevalence of H9N2 viruses in Shanxi Province,central China.In this study,we isolated 14 H9N2 AIVs from October 2020 to April 2022 in Shanxi Province,and genetic analysis revealed that these viruses belonged to 7 different genotypes.Our study on animals revealed that the H9N2 strains we identified displayed high transmission efficiency among chicken populations,and exhibited diverse replication abilities within these birds.These viruses could replicate efficiently in the lungs of mice,with one strain also demonstrating the capacity to reproduce in organs like the brain and kidneys.At the cellular level,the replication ability of different H9N2 strains was evaluated using plaque formation assays and multi-step growth curve assays,revealing significant differences in the replication and proliferation efficiency of the various H9N2 viruses at the cellular level.The antigenicity analysis suggested that these isolates could be classified into 2 separate antigenic clusters.Our research provides crucial data to help understand the prevalence and biological characteristics of H9N2 AIVs in central China.It also highlights the necessity of enhancing the surveillance of H9N2 AIVs.