Epidemiological Investigation of Porcine Contagious Pleuropneumonia in Some Areas of Anhui Province

By indirect hemagglutination test, the prevalence of porcine contagious pleuropneumonia was investigated in part of pig farms in Anhui Province. The results showed that the total positive rate of this area was 16.6%, and it was higher in sows.

Unraveling the landscape of pediatric pancreatic tumors:Insights from Japan

Pediatric pancreatic tumors,though rare,pose significant diagnostic and manage-ment challenges.The recent,22-year nationwide survey on pediatric pancreatic tumors in Japan by Makita et al offers valuable insights into this uncommon enti-ty,revealing striking geographical variations and questioning current treatment paradigms.This editorial commentary analyzes the study's key findings,inclu-ding the predominance of solid pseudopapillary neoplasms and their younger age of onset,which contrast sharply with Western data.It explores the implications for clinical practice and research,emphasizing the need for population-specific approaches to diagnosis and treatment.The revealed limited institutional expe-rience and surgical management patterns prompt a reevaluation of optimal care delivery for these complex cases,suggesting benefits of centralizing healthcare services.Furthermore,the commentary advocates for international collaborative studies to elucidate the genetic,environmental,and lifestyle factors influencing the development and progression of pediatric pancreatic tumors across diverse populations.It also outlines future directions,calling for advancements in precision medicine and innovative care delivery models to improve global patient outcomes.Unraveling Makita et al's findings within the broader landscape of pediatric oncology can stimulate further research and clinical advancements in managing pancreatic and other rare tumors in children.

Epidemiology of School-Related Injuries in Belgium. A Better Knowledge for a Better Prevention

The landmark Convention on the Rights of the Child states that children around the World have right to safe environment. In Belgium, as in many countries, children spend, on average, 4.5 weekdays at school, during nearly 8 hours per day. Studies have shown that, the risk of school-related injury exceeds the risk during leisure time. Literature reports that school accidents account for 10 to 30% of all accidents among pupils. Despite that, few papers treat of the school-related injuries. Consequently, based on 1540 accidents forms from an insurance company, injury places, mechanisms involved, body parts injured and nature of injuries were described. Head injuries, upper and lower limbs injuries were investigated in more details. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to assess the relationships between the variables and multivariate logistic regression models were used to study the three specific types of injuries cited above. Gender ratio (M/F) was equal to 1.6 with 25.9% of children under 6 years, 29.4% of 6 - 9 years, 26.9% of 10 - 12 years and 17.8% from 13 years or more. The major places of injuries were the playground (56.9%) and the physical education (19.7%). Falls were observed in 52.1% of cases and contacts were reported in 24.3%. The head injuries account for 40.6%, the upper limbs for 32.0% and the lower limbs injuries for 20.2%. The bruises and the scratches were observed in 23.8% and the wounds in 21.5%. Fractures were reported in 16.1%. In conclusion, having a routine access to the data from the insurance companies could be an important source of information for an injury surveillance system in which the school injuries will be included. Taking into account this data will require an awareness of all the concerned persons about the relevance of such a system and a harmonization of the accidental forms.

Transition Behavior in the Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine during Follow-up after Radical Prostatectomy: A Multicenter Survey in Japan

We evaluated the prevalence of use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), as well as the transitional nature of its use, before and after radical prostatectomy in Japa-nese patients with localized prostate cancer. Methods: We enrolled 376 patients, who an-swered a self-administered questionnaire on CAM use, psychological health locus of control (HLC), and general-health-related quality of life (GHQL). Detailed information regarding CAM use according to the transtheoretical model, and the time at initiation and abandonment of CAM use were assessed. Medical information was also extracted from patient charts. Results: 45.7% of patients belonged to the “precontem-plation” stage, 29.8% to the “contemplation” stage, 1.9% to the “preparation” stage, 14.4% to the “action” stage, and 8.2% to the “relapse” stage. Although patient age and educational status had a significant impact on stage of CAM use, HLC and GHQL were not associated with them. The time-course of prevalence of CAM use during follow-up was divided into three phases: “initial,” “rapid-increase,” and “main-tenance”. Conclusions: Among patients under-going radical prostatectomy, non-users can be classified into several behavioral stages, while users do not use CAM constantly during fol-low-up.

Bluetongue Virus （BTV） Serological Survey and Evidence of Emergent BTV-8 Serotype in Morocco

Bluetongue （BT） is an infectious, non-contagious arthropod-borne disease that infects all ruminants, including sheep, cattle, deer, goats and camelids. Bluetongue virus （BTV） belonged to Reoviridae is ARN genome of 19 Kb. Twenty-six BTV serotypes have long been recognized, to be associated with severe disease in certain breeds of sheep, whereas cattle and goats are usually sub-clinically affected. Before 2004, BT was considered an exotic disease in Morocco, however, the first outbreak was observed in 2004 in sheep. This outbreak was caused by the isolated BTV-4. Two years later a BTV-1 emerged in Morocco. Both serotype 1 and serotype 4 circulated after 2007 across the country. The aims of the present work was to perform a serological study on sheep from different regions in Morocco in order to clarify the current BTV epidemiological situation and its evolution from 2009 to 2012, to determine the co-infection rate, and to confirm the possible circulation of other BTV Serotype mainly the BTV-8. All of 436 sera were tested by serum neutralization using reference strains. Results confirm the presence of BTV-4, BTV-1 and BTV-8. However, the present study report for the first time the emerging BTV-8 circulation in Morocco. Moreover, the founding reveal as well a higher co-infection rate in cattle compared to sheep.

Epidemiological Study of Sepsis in China： Protocol of a Cross-sectional Survey

Background： Sepsis is the leading cause of death among critically ill patients. Herein, we conducted a national survey to provide data on epidemiology and treatment of sepsis in the clinical practice in China, which has no detailed epidemiological data available on sepsis. Methods： This was a prospective cross-sectional survey from December 1, 2015 to January 31, 2016 in all provinces/municipalities of the mainland of China. The primary outcome of this study was the incidence of sepsis, and the secondary outcome was its etiology in China. Patients with sepsis admitted to the Intensive Care Units were included in this study. The demographic, physiological, bacteriological, and therapeutic data of these patients were recorded. The incidence of sepsis was estimated using the data from the sixth census in China, reported by the Chinese National Health and Family Planning Commission and the National Bureau of Statistics as the standard population. The independent risk factors for increased mortality from sepsis were calculated. Conclusions： This study indicated the incidence and outcome of sepsis in China. It also showed the most common etiology of different sites and types of infection, which could guide empiric antibiotic therapy. Moreover, it provided information on the independent risk factors for increased mortality due to sepsis. The findings provide evidence to guide clinical management and may help improve the outcome in septic patients.

Epidemiological survey of primary palmar hyperhidrosis in adolescents

Background Despite recent advances in recognition and treatment of primary palmar hyperhidrosis （PPH）, the epidemiological survey has hardly been conducted. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of primary PPH among adolescents in three cities of southeast China. Methods Stratified-cluster sampling was carried out and cross-sectional epidemiological survey by questionnaire was applied among 33 000 college and high school students. Results The prevalence rate of PPH was 4.36% affecting both sexes equally. Prevalence rate of severe PPH was 0.27%. The average age of onset was 12.27±2,12 years. The peak age of onset was 6-16 years, accounting for 97.2% of PPH population. Positive family history was found in 17.9% PPH cases. Besides palms, axillae and soles can be also affected. Conclusions PPH affects a larger group of individual than previously reported. More measures should be taken to enhance the recoanition, diaanosis, and treatment of PPH.

Epidemiological Survey and Risk Factor Analysis of Recurrent Spontaneous Miscarriages in Infertile Women at Large Infertility Centers

Background：A higher frequency of spontaneous miscarriage has been observed in infertile couples,and there is a higher prevalence of infertility among patients with a history of recurrent spontaneous miscarriages （RSMs;〉2 miscarriages）.This study aimed to determine the proportion of infertile patients with RSM and examine risk factors associated in patients with RSM being treated with assisted reproductive technologies.Methods：This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at six reproductive medicine centers in three cities of China.Data of 751 patients with at least one spontaneous miscarriage were analyzed.Demographic data and etiological factors associated with infertility were compiled and compared between patients with a single spontaneous miscarriage （SSM） and those with RSM.Results：Two hundred （26.6%,95% confidence interval [CI]：23.50-29.95%） patients experienced RSMs and 551 （73.4%） had a single miscarriage.The odds of RSM increased with increasing age （odds ratio [OR] =1.06）,uterine disorders （OR =2.09）,endocrine disorders （OR =2.48）,and immune disorders （OR =2.98）.Higher education level,masters or above,and a pelvic cavity disorder were associated with lower risk of RSM （OR =0.27 and 0.46,respectively）.Late spontaneous miscarriages were more frequent in patients with RSM than in those with a SSM （31.5% vs.14.2%,respectively,P 〈 0.001） and were associated with a history of uterine cavity procedures （OR =2.095） and cervical factors related to infertility （OR =4.136,95% CI：1.012-16.90）.Conclusions：Compared to patients with only a SSM,the conditions of patients with RSM are more complicated.To increase the success rate of assisted reproductive technology,factors including uterus cavity adhesion,cervical relaxation,endocrine disorders,and immune disorders should be treated before assisted reproduction is initiated.These data may provide treatment guidance for infertile patients with a history of RSM.

Epidemiological survey and genetic characterization of type 3 vaccine-derived poliovirus isolated from a patient with four doses of inactivated polio vaccine in Henan Province,China

Background:Vaccine-derived poliovirus(VDPV)is a potential threat to polio eradication because they can reintroduce into the general population and cause paralytic polio outbreaks,a phenomenon that has recently emerged as a prominent public health concern at the end of global polio eradication.This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of the frst VDPV identifed from a patient with acute faccid paralysis(AFP),with four doses of inactivated polio vaccine immunization in Henan Province,China in 2017.Methods:The patient was diagnosed with type 3 VDPV.Subsequently,a series of epidemiological approaches was implemented,including a retrospective search of AFP cases,rate of vaccination assessment,study of contacts,and supplementary immunization activities.Fecal samples were collected,viral isolation was performed,and the viral isolates were characterized using full-length genomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis.Results:Phylogenetic analysis showed that the viral isolates from the patient were diferent from other reported genetic clusters of type 3 VDPV worldwide.They were identifed as a Sabin 3/Sabin 1 recombinant VDPV with a crossover site in the P2 region.Nucleotide substitutions,including U→C(472)and C→U(2493),have been identifed,both of which are frequently observed as reversion mutations in neurovirulent type 3 poliovirus.A unique aspect of this case is that the patient had been vaccinated with four doses of inactive polio vaccine,and the serum neutralizing antibody for Sabin types 1 and 3 were 1∶16 and 1∶512,respectively.Thus,the patient was speculated to have been infected with type 3 VDPV,and the virus continued to replicate and be excreted for at least 41 d.Conclusions:The existence of this kind of virus in human population is a serious risk and poses a severe challenge in maintaining a polio-free status in China.To the best of our knowledge,this is the frst report of VDPV identifed in the Henan province of China.Our results highlight the importance of maintaining a high-level vaccination rate and highly sensitive AFP case surveillance system in intercepting VDPV transmission.

Epidemiological-survey-based multidimensional modeling for understanding daily mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic across urban-rural gradient in the Chinese mainland

Human mobility survey data usually suffer from a lack of resources for validation.Epidemiological survey records,which are released to the public as a containment measure by local authorities,provide place visitation details validated by the authority.This study collected and analyzed the epidemiological survey reports published by local governments in the Chinese mainland,between January 2020 and November 2021.To reveal the mobility patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic across the urban-rural gradient in China’s mainland,we derived key mobility indicators from the epidemiological survey data from rural to megacities.We then applied exploratory factor analysis to identify latent factors that affected people’s mobility.We found that the pandemic poses varying impacts across the urban-rural gradient in the Chinese mainland,and the mobility patterns of middle and small cities are more influenced.Our results also showed that the pandemic did not enlarge gender gap in people’s mobility,as gender was not a significant driving factor for explaining people’s quantity of out-of-home activities as well as extent of life space,while age group and city levels were significant.Overall,we argue that the epidemiological survey data are valuable data sources for daily mobility modeling,especially for relevant studies to understand human mobility patterns during the pandemic.

Genetic epidemiological survey of esophageal cancer in one-tenth of the population of Yangquan city

To understand the role of genetic factors in the occurrence of esophageal cancer (EC) Methods A genetic epidemiological survey of 132?039 subjects, one tenth of the whole population of Yangquan city, Shanxi Province in Northern China, was conducted in 1994 A total of 228 families with at least one newly occurring EC patient in each family were matched with equal number of control families for a 1∶1 case control study Results The heritability of esophageal cancer among first degree relatives was 52 6%, that among second degree relatives was 31 2%, and the weighted average heritability was 49 2% The segregation ratio was 0 176±0 033, significantly less than 0 25, suggesting a multifactorial inheritance or decreased penetrance of a major locus EC patients in families did not fit the binominal distribution, suggesting evidently familial aggregation The relative risks among the first degree relatives were 10 49 for males, 7 69 for females, and 9 17 for combined data The attributive risks among first degree relatives were 62 13/100?000 for males, 99 94/100?000 for females and 75 15/100?000 for combined data All of these figures were higher than 40 17/100?000, the average of general population of the city Conclusion Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer in this area

A résumé of epidemiological surveys of several main rheumatic diseases in China

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An Epidemiological Survey on the Use and Abuse of Antianxiety Drugs among Beijing Residents.

A systematic field survey of 6,567 urban and rural residents out of 3.000 households, through cluster sampling among Beijing residents, was collaborativelv conducted. The results reveal that benzodiazepine has been widely prescribed and its rate of usage for 1 year is 61.82%. whereas rate of de-

An Epidemiological Survey of Patients at the Beijing Capital Airport

This article presents the epidemiological survey of the patients at the dispensary of the Beijing Capital Airport from July, 1991 to June, 1992. The constituent ratios of disease and age were analyzed. The results of this study may be proved helpful to the emergency treatment at certain Airports.

一所高校学生神经症患病状况分析

目的 :探讨一所高校大学生神经症患病状况及相关因素。方法 :采用与国内 12地区神经症流行病学调查相似的方法对一所高校 446 5名学生神经症患病状况进行调查研究。结果 :该校学生神经症现患病率为 9 34% ,高于 10年前对该校进行的调查结果 ( 6 4 4 % ) ,焦虑症现患病率明显升高。男生高于女生 ,以三、四年级现患病率最高。由失恋引发的神经症占一定的比例 ,但神经症发病还是取决于多种因素的共同作用。结论 :大学生中神经症的现患病率有上升趋势 ,心理社会因素对神经症的发生有重要作用。大学生心理问题不容忽视 ,是摆在我们精神卫生工作者面前的重要课题。

无锡市神经症流行病学调查

目的:了解无锡市神经症的患病率及人口学特点。 方法:采用1993年中国7地区精神疾病流行学调查方法,于2 0 0 3年在无锡市进行神经症流行病学调查。 结果:在城乡15～5 9岁的192 8人中,神经症患病率为38.38‰,其中以抑郁性神经症患病率最高(2 0 .75‰) ,其余按患病率高低依次为焦虑症(8.30‰)、神经衰弱(4.6 7‰)、疑病症(2 .5 9‰)、癔症(1.0 4‰)和强迫症(1.0 4‰)。患病率与性别、经济状况、职业等因素有关。 结论:神经症是一类十分常见的精神疾病,患病率呈上升趋势,应列为社区精神卫生保健工作的重点疾病。

机械工业人群神经症流行病学调查

采用与国内12地区神经症流调相似的程序及工具,对一工业人群作了抽样调查。得出神经症时点患病率为46.09‰。各型别中神经衰弱患病率最高。女性患病率高于男性。小学以下文化程度者患病率高于中学及大学组。

云南大理白族自治州神经症病人抽样调查

１９９５年９月，作者按全国流调组制定的标准和神经症流行学调查操作方法，在云南省大理白族自治州境内，选四县一市为框架，以整群分层随机抽样原则，每５户抽１户，分别在城乡各抽２００户，其中１５～５９岁者为调查对象，共查１０７０人。神经症患病率为２７．１‰。其中，女性、农业劳动者、彝族、经济水平差者患病率高，并有统计学差异。５０～５５岁为患病率高峰组。患病率农村高于城市；少数民族高于汉族。文化水平低、家庭气氛不和睦患病率高，但差异不显著。和全国流调结果比较，神经症患病率有随着时间推移，社会进步而增高的趋势。

汕头市神经症流行病学调查

目的:了解90年代汕头市神经症的状况。方法:于1995年在汕头市城乡进行精神疾病流行病学调查,采用1993年中国七个地区精神疾病流行病学调查方法。结果:在城乡15～59岁533人中,神经症的时点患病率为28.14‰(15例),其中,以神经衰弱患病率最高(22.51‰),其次为焦虑症(3.75‰)和抑郁性神经症(1.88‰)。农村男、女的神经症患病率差异有显著性(P>0.05)。结论:神经症,特别是神经衰弱应列为汕头市精神疾病防治的重点,农村妇女神经症患者应引起足够的重视。

河南某医学院校学生神经症流行病学调查及其成因分析

目的：了解河南某医学院校学生神经症流行情况及其成因。方法：采用神经症筛查表、艾森克问卷 （ＥＰＱ）、父母养育方式评定量表和青年学生生活事件量表对ｌ－４年级本科生进行调查。结果：神经症患病率为 ７．７５％。神经衰弱、抑郁性神经症和强迫症患病率较高。母亲文化程度和职业不同，以及不同性别之间、不同年级 之间比较，患病率差异均有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。神经症患者与精神健康者比较，人格特征、父母教养方式、负性生活 事件对疾病的发生及迁延均有显著影响。结论：大学生神经症患病率较社会人群高。其成因与人格特征、负性生 活事件、母亲的文化、职业及不良环境密切相关。