Modeling columnar spatiotemporal dynamics of nitric oxide as a primary controlling element of arteriole dilation during neurovascular coupling

Although the mechanism of neurovascular coupling remains inadequately understood,physiological research has indicated that the dilation of arterioles located within the cerebral cortex column might represent the primary mechanism of hemodynamic response during neurovascular coupling.This study examined the spatiotemporal pattern of NO diffusion induced by functional stimuli at column spatial resolution.Our modeling makes it possible to explore the responses of mediating factors to functional stimuli from a four-dimensional view,which may lead the way to decoding the mechanism of neurovascular coupling.

Implications of astrocytes in neurovascular coupling

Normal brain function requires continuous supply of oxygen and glucose in a strict manner.The close spatial and temporal relationship between neural activity and cerebral bloodflow(CBF)is termed as neurovascular coupling,which is dependent or not dependent on astrocytes.The increase inflow evoked by brain activity is mediated by the concerted action of multiple mediators that originate from different cells and act at different levels of the cerebral vasculature.More studies are needed for further understanding the precise mechanisms underlying neurovascular coupling,espe-cially the implications of astrocytes.

Neuro-vascular Reserve in Developing Snug and Fit Buildup

The body is observed to function optimally in life in some individuals while others have various problems.In the complexity involved,this paper describes saliently the mechanisms for biological robustness from birth and subsequent neuro-vascular and core matching patterns well-coordinated till adulthood.These mechanisms the individual develops and maintains his core to keep vitality against environmental perturbations and they can be dysfunctional.The three related dimensions of the fascial organization,the co-directed nervous and perfusional elements in the body are emphasized.Re-understanding of these mechanisms in the body-map can be useful to revise the basis for re-defining our therapies.

A time-synchronized multimodal monitoring system for general anesthesia

In clinical settings,different kinds of patient monitoring systems and depth of anesthesia monitoring(DoA)systems have been widely used to assess the depth of sedation and patient's state.However,all these monitoring systems are independent of each other.To date,no monitoring system has focused on the synchronized neural activities,cerebral metabolism,autonomic nervous system,and drug effects on the brain,as well as their interactions between neural activities and cerebral metabolism(i.e.,neurovascular coupling),and between brain and heart(i.e.,brain-heart coupling).In this study,we developed a time-synchronized multimodal monitoring system(TSMMS)that integrates electroencephalogram(EEG),near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS),and standard physiological monitors(electrocardiograph,blood pressure,oxygen saturation)to provide a comprehensive view of the patient's physiological state during surgery.The coherence and Granger causality(GC)methods were used to quantify the neurovascular coupling and brain-heart coupling.The response surface model was used to estimate the combined propofol-remifentanil drug effect on the brain.TSMMS integrates data from various devices for a comprehensive analysis of vital signs.It enhances anesthesia monitoring through detailed EEG features,neurovascular,and brain-heart coupling indicators.Additionally,a response surface model estimates the combined effects of propofol and remifentanil,aiding anesthesiologists in drug administration.In conclusion,TSMMS provides a new tool for studying the coupling mechanism among neural activities,cerebral metabolism,and autonomic nervous system during general anesthesia.