Neutrino Temporal Oscillation

We conjecture the existence of massless neutrinos that are in the line of Standard Model (unable to account for the neutrino mass) but have characteristics that are not accounted for the Standard Model: they use a shorter radial path than the photon and possess bosonic flavors, considered like bosons instead of fermions. We call this theory “neutrino temporal oscillation”. Faced with some experimental comparisons solar neutrinos, neutrinos from SN 1987A, cosmological neutrinos, the theory gives better results, explanations and sense than the complicated theory of neutrino oscillations (transformism). The deficit of detection of solar neutrinos would have been blindly attributed to the “neutrino oscillation” by physicists who quickly concluded that the neutrino and the photon follow the same transverse path. The “OPERA” experiment which measured the speed of neutrinos in 2011 resulted, after a “superluminal” saga, in neutrino speeds consistent with the speed of light, in data that the three existing types of neutrinos cannot explain, with the final outcome of a fourth “sterile” neutrino with non-standard interaction. OPERA findings aren’t just in conflict with existing theory, but other measurements as well. For example, a study from the Kamiokande II experiment in Japan of the supernova SN1987A found that light and neutrinos that departed this exploded star arrived at Earth within hours of each other. Even though measurements of the neutrinos emitted by this supernova strongly suggest that their speeds differ from light by less than one part in a billion, the fact remains that two types of data were collected, and that only one was retained to be consistent with the existing theory. Thus, the OPERA observation is in conflicts with the result of SN1987A, which itself is highly doubtful. And what about the neutrinos and antineutrinos born during the big bang, except that they were never detected and there is nothing to indicate that their speed could be other than that of light. Neutrino physics seems sick, belief is transformed into evidence. The theory of “Neutrino temporal oscillation” shows hint that massless neutrinos can take a shortcut through the three spatial dimensions of the space-time that we know. It represents within the Standard Model an open window on a “new physics” that has a connection with physical reality.

On neutrino Oscillations and Predicting the 125 GEV Two Photon Emission State from p-p Collisions Based on the 5D Homogeneous Space-Time Projection Model

Previously the 5D homogeneous space-time metric was introduced with explicitly given projection operators in matrix form which map the 5D space-time manifold into a Lorentzian space-time. Based on this projection model, vector field and spinor solutions are found to be expressible in terms of SU(2)xL and SU(3)xL, where L is the 4D Lorentz space-time group. The spinor solutions give the SU(2) leptonic states arising from space-time projection, whereas the SU(3) representation arises from conformal projection and gives the quarks, and due to gauge requirement leads to mesons and baryons. This process of mapping the 5D space-time manifold into the 4D space-time is at the basis of an analysis of the recent CERN experimental results, the presence of neutrino oscillations and the observed 125 GeV resonance in the p-p collisions, respectively. In fact, it is found that the spinor solution contains an oscillating phase, and the 125 GeV resonance is shown to be predictable, thereby 1) eliminating the need to introduce a Higgs vacuum, and 2) can be shown possibly to be an indicator for a missing heavy baryon octet.

Unified understanding of neutrino oscillation and negative mass-square of neutrino

The author indicates that even a conclusive confirmation of neutrino oscillation does not necessarily imply the existence of massive neutrinos. The negative value of neutrino mass-square may be an alternative key with realistic physical meaning. Reexamining special relativity (SR) we find that there actually exists a formal phase velocity of "de Brogue’s wave" in temporal Lorentz transformation attributed to the intrinsical essence of Minkowski’s space. The properties of spacelike interval between two events have already included constrains to describe superluminal motion and SR is compatible with the faster-than-light motion originally in algebraic domain. Pay attention to that the operator representation, has just verified for subluminal particles, not for superlurninal particles, adhering to de Brogue’s coexistence idea between waves and particles, it is possible to deduce a formal two-component Weyl equation to describe any species of free neutrinos with imaginary rest mass, which is equivalent to making use of the Dirac equation for a free spin-1/2 particle with zero rest mass in form.

Neutrino spin-flavor oscillations in solar environment

We study the phenomenon of neutrino spin-flavor oscillations due to solar magnetic fields.This allows us to examine how significantly the electron neutrinos produced in the solar interior undergo a resonant spin-flavor conversion.We construct analytical models for the solar magnetic field in all the three regions of the Sun.Neutrino spin-flavor oscillations in this magnetic field are examined by studying the level crossing phenomenon and comparing the two cases of zero and non-zero vacuum mixing respectively.Results from the Borexino experiment are used to place an upper limit on the magnetic field in the solar core.Related phenomena such as effects of matter on neutrino spin transitions and differences between Dirac and Majorana transitions in the solar magnetic fields are also discussed.

Constraints on Neutrino Masses from Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Measurements

From 21 independent Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) measurements we obtain the following sum of masses of active Dirac or Majorana neutrinos: , where and . This result may be combined with independent measurements that constrain the parameters Σmv, h, and Ωbh2 . For?? and , we obtain at 95% confidence.

Majorana Neutrino Oscillations in Vacuum

In the context of a type I seesaw scenario which leads to get light left-handed and heavy right-handed Majorana neutrinos, we obtain expressions for the transition probability densities between two flavor neutrinos in the cases of left-handed and right-handed neutrinos. We obtain these expressions in the context of an approach developed in the canonical formalism of Quantum Field Theory for neutrinos which are considered as superpositions of mass-eigenstate plane waves with specific momenta. The expressions obtained for the left-handed neutrino case after the ultra-relativistic limit is taking lead to the standard probability densities which describe light neutrino oscillations. For the right-handed neutrino case, the expressions describing heavy neutrino oscillations in the non-relativistic limit are different respect to the ones of the standard neutrino oscillations. However, the right-handed neutrino oscillations are phenomenologically restricted as is shown when the propagation of heavy neutrinos is considered as superpositions of mass-eigenstate wave packets.

Look at Neutrino Oscillations in Space-Like Continuum

Based on the special theory of relativity in space-like continuum, the pre-sent author points that if there exist tachyons in nature, they should be neutral point-like particles with lepton appearance, which are very much like our early understanding about neutrinos before. The author also points that an alternative explanation for neutrino oscillations may be the conversion between mass-less neutrinos with different flavors expressed in different “lowest limited momentum” during their flight journey, which originates from that the argument in the squared sine function of the probability of neutrino oscillation may be less than zero, which is mathematical foresight and may not be ignored.

A New Type of Accessible Environmental Influences on Neutrino Oscillation

Considering a new type of environment influences,we use a two-energy-level (v1-v2) quantum system to investigate neutrino oscillations in medium.Besides the matter effects derived by Wolfenstein,there may exist extra terms due to a unitary evolution of the system between pure and mixed states,so the evolution equation is modified obviously.We show that the extra terms may play some role and induce observable effects in solar neutrino problem, especially,in the long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments which are under serious consideration recently,if the parameters fall into a suitable region.

Temporal interference driven by an oscillating electric field in photodetachment of H^- ion

The real time domain interferometry for the photodetachment dynamics driven by the oscillating electric field has been studied for the first time. Both the geometry of the detached electron trajectories and the electron probability density are shown to be different from those in the photodetachment dynamics in a static electric field. The influence of the oscillating electric field on the detached electron leads to a surprisingly intricate shape of the electron waves, and multiple interfering trajectories generate complex interference patterns in the electron probability density. Using the semiclassical open-orbit theory, we calculate the interference patterns in the time-dependent electron probability density for different electric field strengths, different frequencies and phases in the oscillating electric field. This method is universal, and can be extended to study the photoionization dynamics of the atoms in the time-dependent electric field. Our study can guide the future experimental researches in the photodetachment or photoionization microscopy of negative ions and atoms in the oscillating electric field.

Phase Velocity and Rest Energy of Schrödinger Equation Seen from Neutrino Oscillations

The phase velocity is discussed using de Broglie relations and Schrödinger equation. We argue that in non-relativistic quantum mechanics the Hamiltonian should be added by a rest-energy term when Schrödinger equation is used to study the interference between particles of different masses. From neutrino oscillation experiments, we find that the phase velocity can be related to a measurable quantity (the flavor transition probability), therefore, the phase factor originated from the rest energy can’t be omitted. Correspondingly, the energy in de Broglie relations should always be total energy rather than kinetic energy, contrary to some textbooks of quantum mechanics.

Neutrino Oscillations and Superluminal Propagation,in OPERA or Otherwise

We digress on the implications of recent claims of superluminal neutrino propagation. No matter how we turn it around such behaviour is very odd and sits uncomfortably even within “far-fetched” theories. In the context of non-linear realizations of the Lorentz group (where superluminal misbehaviour is run of the mill) one has to accept rather contrived constructions to predict superluminal properties for the neutrino. The simplest explanation is to require that at least one of the mass states be tachyonic. We show that due to neutrino mixing, the flavor energy does not suffer from the usual runaway pathologies of tachyons. For non-tachyonic mass states the theories become more speculative. A neutrino specific dispersion relation is exhibited, rendering the amplitude of the effect reasonable for a standard Planck energy. This uses the fact that the beam energy is close to the geometrical average of the neutrino and Planck mass;or, seen in another way, the beam energy is unexceptional but its gamma factor is very large. A dispersion relation crossing over from a low energy bradyonic branch to a high energy tachyonic one is also considered. We comment on consistency with SN 1987Awithin these models.

The Radioactivity of Nuclei &Solar Oscillations: New Experiments

The experimental detection of the hidden periodicities in the activity of various radioactive sources which were observed by different instruments and which coincided with the period of the free oscillations of the Sun gave an impetus to the further research. The simultaneous recording of gamma rays from two radioactive sources revealed the elements of synchronism and the periods of solar oscillations as well as the phase delay for the different sources in the obtained time series. A neutrino detector has been designed and tested, the advanced schemes for neutrino detection are developed, and the impact of the neutrino source on the radioactive matter is explored. The search for the new principles for creating the emitters of neutrino beams is conducted.

Spatio-temporal Variability of Disastrous Convective Weather in China from 1961 to 2016

Based on the data of hail,gale,thunderstorm and lightning days in 2 481 stations in China from 1961 to 2016,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics,periodicity and climate abruption characteristics of four kinds of disastrous convective weather in China were analyzed by various mathematical statistics methods. The results showed that in time,the days of four kinds of disastrous convective weather in China decreased,and the hail and thunderstorm days were characterized by " increasing firstly and then decreasing" from 1961 to 2016. The hail,gale,thunderstorm and lightning days in China had oscillation cycles of 3-5,2-3,1-2 and 1-4 a respectively,and the hail and thunderstorm days changed suddenly in 2002 and 1992 respectively. In space,the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and western Sichuan were the highvalue distribution areas of hail,gale and thunderstorm days. The high-value distribution areas of thunderstorm days were also distributed to the south of the Yangtze River. South China and its southwestern regions at the same latitude were the high-value distribution areas of lightning days. In terms of trend,the hail days in China showed a decreasing trend mainly in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The gale days in China decreased in the east,was unchanged in the central region,and increased and decreased alternately in the west. The thunderstorm days in China increased in Tibet,North China,Chongqing,Zhejiang and northwestern Heilongjiang. The lightning days in China decreased obviously to the south of the Yangtze River. In terms of the fluctuation,the hail days fluctuated greatly in the southeast. The gale days fluctuated greatly to the east of Hu Huanyong line. The thunderstorms days in China fluctuated greatly in the northwest and slightly in the southeast. In addition to the small fluctuation in northern Xinjiang and South China,the lightning days fluctuated greatly in other regions of China.

基于时空图卷积神经网络的强迫振荡定位与传播预测

振荡源定位与传播预测是抑制强迫振荡和保证电力系统稳定的关键。现有方法未能充分利用电网的空间拓扑信息和振荡的时序特征,限制了定位和预测的精度。因此,该文提出一种基于时空图卷积神经网络的强迫振荡定位与传播预测方法。首先,根据节点特征和拓扑信息构建图数据,考虑到强迫振荡传播的快速性,通过切比雪夫多项式扩大节点空间感受野,提取振荡空间特征。同时,利用门控循环单元网络提取多个节点振荡数据的时序关联,通过时空图卷积单元融合空间和时序特征。然后,将定位与传播预测分别建模为分类和回归问题,训练时空图卷积神经网络模型。算例分析表明,所提方法具有更高的准确率,且在噪声和部分节点数据缺失的情况下依然具有较好的性能。

季节内振荡水汽收支对长江中下游持续性极端降水强度的调控作用

利用中国1979—2019年逐日降水格点数据,考量降水的时空聚集性强度之客观监测方法,识别中国东部区域极端降水事件,发现长江中下游是夏季持续3 d及以上区域持续性极端降水(PREP)发生最频繁的区域。以此为研究对象,基于水汽收支理论,利用ERA-Interim再分析资料和带通滤波方法,诊断日降水及其水汽收支的季节内特征,研究关键尺度对流层高低空系统配置及演变。结果显示:PREP日降水强度及其演变被证实与区域大气柱水汽辐合量相一致。10~30 d准双同振荡(QBWO)和30~90 d(MJO)的水汽辐合在事件发生前1~3 d和7~9 d开始由负位相转为正位相。区域南、北边界QBWO(MJO)水汽输送在事件发生前2~4 d(9~10 d)由水汽输出转为输入。南海的QBWO对流北传至长江中下游,促使源于西北太平洋的对流层低层QBWO反气旋式环流系统向西南移动,其西北侧的西南风使区域南边界水汽输送在事件开始日达最大。事件发生前10 d左右,对流层低层MJO反气旋式环流系统出现在西北太平洋,并向西南移动,长江中下游气旋系统加强维持,对流层中层孟加拉湾MJO尺度低槽开始加深,三者的配合使区域南边界的MJO水汽输入逐渐增强并维持到事件发生后。MJO尺度的强水汽输入结合QBWO反气旋式环流促使长江中下游地区的持续性极端降水事件的发生。研究结果对持续性极端降水事件延伸期的预报提供参考。

深圳市极端降水时空演变特征分析

目前,关于深圳市降水方面的研究较多,而涉及极端降水特征的研究相对缺乏。基于中国区域地面气象要素驱动数据集(1979-2018年)中的降水数据,结合极端降水指标,通过Mann-Kendall趋势分析法、Sen′s坡度法和小波分析法等从降水量、降水强度等方面分析了深圳市近40年极端降水的时空分布变化特征。结果表明:①深圳市极端降水频率及强度整体上南部强于北部,西部的上升趋势较东部更显著。极端降水高风险区的位置随城市化进程从分散趋于集中,在福田和罗湖两区最为稳定。②极端降水高风险区的月均暴雨日数和月最大日降水量在每个年代均呈上升趋势,尤其在20世纪90年代,这种情况更为明显。③极端降水高风险区的年降水量呈下降趋势,前后存在6~8年和1~2年的振荡周期;年暴雨日数稳定在3~19 d且呈减少趋势,而年最大日降水量呈增加趋势;季节降水量较为稳定,春、夏、秋降水量均存在明显的振荡周期。研究结果可为深圳市进一步准确评估极端降水风险、合理制定洪涝预防措施以及更好地进行城市规划提供参考。

Neutrino Properties Probed by Lepton Number Violating Processes

Study of neutrino properties is nowadays one of the most active domains of research in physics. On the one hand, fundamental properties of the neutrinos like their absolute mass, their character (are they Dirac or Majorana particles?) and the number of neutrino flavors, are still unknown. On the other hand, the knowledge of these properties are of great importance since the neutrinos are very abundant in nature and play a key role in nuclear and particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology. In addition, the results of the neutrino oscillation experiments have convincingly showed that neutrinos have mass and mix, in contradiction to the initial assumptions of the Standard Model. In this context there is an increased interest in the study of the Lepton Number Violating (LNV) processes, since they are capable to decide on the above mentioned neutrino properties. Since recently, the neutrinoless double beta (0nββ) decay was considered the only process able to distinguish between Dirac or Majorana neutrinos and to give a hint on the absolute mass of the electron neutrino. At present, the increased luminosity of the LHC experiments at CERN makes it feasable the search for LNV processes at LHC as well. Besides the neutrino character, these studies can also shed light on the existence of other types of neutrinos (the sterile neutrinos), than the three known ones. In this paper, I make a brief review on our present knowledge about the neutrino properties and on the way they can be probed by LNV processes at low- and high-energies. Particularly, I refer to the 0nββ decay process and to the first attempts of searching of LNV processes in hadron collider experiments, particularly in LHC experiments at CERN-Geneva.

A Standard Model Neutrino Mechanism

This work argues a new standard model physics approach for neutrino oscillations by allowing neutrinos to have their flavor be entangled amongst all interacting fermions. Specifically, for a flavor conserved system, the effects from entanglement beginning at its origin and continuing through transit can give rise to the same observational outcomes as a flavor oscillation described by mass eigenstates. The implication being that although neutrino flavor is conserved in weak processes, this is argued to hold for all subsequent interactions. In so doing, the conventional neutrino mass propagator is argued to be a dimensional artifact of the oscillation being dependent on the linear density of material along the neutrino trajectory.

2015—2020年中国臭氧污染时空演化及其与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动的关系研究

为研究2015—2020年我国近地面臭氧(O_(3))污染时空演化特征以及厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)对我国O_(3)污染的影响,本文基于2015—2020年我国近1500个监测站点的O_(3)浓度数据(不包括港澳台地区数据),综合运用空间自相关、热点分析、异常值分析及回归分析,研究2015—2020年我国O_(3)污染的时空演化、浓度异常特征及其与ENSO事件和气象因素的关系.结果表明:(1)2015—2019年我国O_(3)污染集聚效应不断增强,但2020年显著降低.(2)我国O_(3)浓度呈先升高(2015—2018年)后下降(2018—2020年)的特征,2017年、2018年O_(3)年均浓度分别较上一年升高8.72%、1.76%,2019年、2020年O_(3)年均浓度分别较上一年下降3.60%、3.66%.除2019年、2020年外,O_(3)浓度高值聚集区站点的O_(3)浓度峰值和高值天数(日均值大于120μg/m^(3)的天数)均大于O_(3)浓度低值聚集区站点.(3)O_(3)高浓度时期为每年的4—10月.O_(3)高浓度区域春、夏两季以华北为核心,秋季向华南和东南地区转移.(4)回归分析表明,我国O_(3)浓度正异常与ENSO负相拉尼娜相关,O_(3)浓度负异常与ENSO正相厄尔尼诺相关.我国东南部O_(3)浓度异常主要受ENSO期间太阳辐射异常和降水异常的影响,而西部和北部地区O_(3)浓度异常主要受ENSO期间风速异常的影响.研究显示,2015—2020年我国O_(3)平均浓度呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,O_(3)高浓度时期以春、夏两季为主,O_(3)高浓度区域随季节而发生变化,且不同区域O_(3)污染变化特征不同,ENSO对我国不同区域O_(3)污染的影响机制不同.

Quantum Decoherence of Neutrino Oscillation and Weak Measurement about Its Group Velocity

We theoretically explore the possibility of observing the quantum decoherence of neutrino oscillation due to the vacuum dispersion, that the wave-packet of neutrino spatially splits according to the different velocities of two mass eigenstates. We find that if this decoherence could be observed and the range of values of the mixing angle is known, then the superluminal neutrino phenomena could occur for some mixing angles as the consequence of a weak measurement about flavor mixing in the neutrino propagation. Our calculation gives the explicit dependence of group velocity shift to the decoherence factor and the weak value of neutrino's pre and post-selected states. We also study the related problems for the neutrino oscillation with three generations.