Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a biomarker for neuropsychiatric complications in acute ischemic stroke

This study evaluates the findings of Gu et al,who investigated the role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)as a biomarker for predicting neuropsychiatric complications in acute ischemic stroke(AIS)patients.The results revealed that elevated serum NGAL levels at admission are associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment,anxiety,and depressive symptoms at discharge.The study analyzed 150 AIS patients(mean age 65.4 years,58%male)using the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to assess neuropsychiatric outcomes.Multivariate analysis demonstrated that higher NGAL levels were independent predictors of cognitive impairment[odds ratio(OR)=1.42],anxiety(OR=1.28),and depression(OR=1.39).Notably,NGAL exhibited strong predictive power for cognitive impairment,with an area under the curve of 0.78.Despite these promising findings,NGAL’s clinical utility is limited by its non-specificity across various conditions.Nevertheless,NGAL levels could help identify AIS patients at risk for neuropsychiatric complications,enabling timely intervention and comprehensive neuropsychiatric evaluation.The study emphasizes the need for further research to validate NGAL’s predictive accuracy and specificity in diverse AIS populations and advocates for its integration with other diagnostic modalities to enhance clinical decision-making.

Relationship between serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels and cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in acute ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND Acute ischemic stroke(AIS)is a significant global health issue with increasing incidence owing to aging populations and rising cardiovascular risk factors.In addition to physical impairments,AIS frequently leads to neuropsychiatric co-mplications,such as cognitive impairment,anxiety,and depressive symptoms,which adversely affect patients’quality of life and rehabilitation.Neutrophil ge-latinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)has emerged as a potential biomarker for various conditions,including AIS.This study investigated the association bet-ween serum NGAL levels at admission and neuropsychiatric complications in patients with AIS.neuropsychiatric complications in patients with AIS.METHODS Between January 2022 and December 2023,150 patients with AIS were enrolled.Serum NGAL levels were measured at admission using an enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay.Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination,while anxiety and depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at discharge.The relationship between serum NGAL levels and cognitive impairment,anxiety,and depressive symptoms was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression,adjusted for potential con-founders of age,sex,body mass index,smoking status,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia,previous stroke,and stroke severity.RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 65.4±10.2 years,and 58%were males.Prevalence rates of cognitive impairment,anxiety,and depressive symptoms at discharge were 34.7%,28.0%,and 32.0%,respectively.Serum NGAL levels were significantly higher in patients with cognitive impairment(median:5.6 ng/mL vs 3.2 ng/mL,P<0.001),anxiety(median:5.1 ng/mL vs 3.5 ng/mL,P=0.002),and depressive symptoms(median:5.4 ng/mL vs 3.3 ng/mL,P<0.001),compared to those without these conditions.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher serum NGAL levels at admission were independently associated with cognitive impairment[odds ratio(OR)=1.42,95%confidence interval(CI):1.18-1.71,P<0.001],anxiety(OR=1.28,95%CI:1.09-1.51,P=0.003),and depressive symptoms(OR=1.39,95%CI:1.16-1.67,P<0.001)after adjusting for potential confounders.CONCLUSION Elevated serum NGAL levels were independently associated with cognitive impairment,anxiety,and depressive symptoms in patients with AIS;and may function as potential biomarkers for patients at risk.

Reliability of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in detecting acute tubular necrosis in decompensated cirrhosis:Systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury(AKI)in cirrhosis is common.The diagnosis of AKI in cirrhosis patients depends on clinical presentation and laboratory tests like serum creatinine.However,urine biomarkers could also be used to assess the type of AKI and the severity of the disease.We performed a systematic review with metaanalysis to evaluate the association with urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)marker in identifying acute tubular necrosis(ATN)in patients with cirrhosis.AIM To assess the reliability of urine NGAL in the detection of ATN in patients with cirrhosis.METHODS We systematically searched MEDLINE and PubMed using keywords including“urine biomarkers”,“NGAL”,“kidney dysfunction”,and“cirrhosis”to identify relevant studies.Data was screened and extracted.Included studies assessed hospitalized cirrhosis patients with AKI using the urine NGAL biomarker.We synthesized the data using diagnostic odds ratio(DOR),comparative and descriptive analyses,and Cochran Mantel-Haenszel(CMH)statistics to evaluate heterogeneity.RESULTS Three thousand seven hundred and one patients with cirrhosis were analyzed from a total of 21 cohort studies.The DOR of 14 of those studies[pooled DOR:22.150,(95%CI:17.58-27.89),P<0.0001]demonstrated a significant association between urine NGAL levels and its identification of ATN.Following stratification by cirrhosis status,heterogeneity was analyzed and showed a significant non-zero correlation between NGAL and AKI(CMH statistic=702.19,P<0.0001).CONCLUSION In patients with cirrhosis,the use of urine NGAL is a reliable biomarker for detecting ATN and identifying the etiology of AKI.

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,kidney injury molecule-1,and periostin:Novel urinary biomarkers in diabetic nephropathy

BACKGROUND Globally,diabetic nephropathy(DN)is the primary cause of chronic kidney disease.Currently,renal function is monitored indirectly using measures of serum creatinine,estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR),and proteinuria.Novel urinary biomarkers utilized in the early stages of DN have been described;these indicators can be used in the early identification of the disease,which is important for initiating treatment to halt or impediment the advance of diabetic nephropathy.AIM To estimate neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL),kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1),and periostin(POSTN)levels as novel urinary biomarkers in DN.METHODS In this hospital based cross-sectional study,a total of 160 patients of both genders aged 18 years or more;40 healthy participants and 120 patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)were included.Patients with DM were divided into normoalbuminuria(n=40),microalbuminuria(n=40),and macroalbuminuria(n=40)groups as per urine albumin creatinine ratio(uACR).Blood urea,serum creatinine,uACR were measured.Urine NGAL,KIM-1,and POSTN were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The eGFR was calculated and compared with urinary markers.RESULTS NGAL,KIM-1,and POSTN levels increased significantly in normo,micro,and macroalbuminuria with the highest in the macroalbuminuria group.Albumin creatinine ratio(ACR)showed a positive correlation with NGAL,KIM-1,and POSTN levels.The eGFR showed a weak negative correlation with ACR,NGAL,KIM-1,and POSTN.NGAL was significantly lower in stage 1 compared to stage 2,3,and 4 kidney disease.KIM-1 was significantly decreased in stage 1 compared to stage 4 kidney disease.POSTN was significantly decreased in stage 1 compared to stage 3 and 4 kidney disease.The receiver operator curve analysis of ACR,NGAL,KIM-1,and POSTN showed good sensitivity of 80%,75.8%,63.3%,and 80%respectively with a cut-off of 12.5 mg/g,4.5μg/L,1.5 ng/mL,and 37.5 ng/mL.CONCLUSION Urinary NGAL and POSTN are independent markers of DN.

Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin(NGAL)Is Elevated in Patients with Asthma and Airway Obstruction

Neutrophilic airway inflammation is one of the features of severe asthma.Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL),or lipocalin-2,is a glycoprotein associated with neutrophilic inflammation and can be detected in blood.Recently,blood NGAL levels have been reported to be elevated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.However,the clinical significance of serum NGAL levels in patients with asthma has not been elucidated.The aim of this study was to explore the association between serum NGAL level and clinical parameters in patients with asthma.Sixty.one non-smoking people with stable asthma were enrolled in this study.All patients underwent blood ollction and pulmonary function tests.The associations between serum NGAL levels and clinical parameters were analyzed retrospectively.Serum NGAL levels in patients with asthma and obstructive ventilatory defect were higher than those in patients with asthma without obstructive ventilatory defect(76.4±51.4 ng/mL vs.39.3±27.4 ng/mL,P=0.0019).Serum NGAL levels were correlated with forced expired flow at 50%of vital capacity%predicted and forced expired flow at 75%of vital capacity%predicted(r=-0.3373,P=0.0078 and r=0.2900,P=0.0234,respectively).Results of a multiple regression analysis demonstrated that serum NGAL level was independently associated with obstructive ventilatory defect.Serum NGAL levels were elevated in patients with asthma and obstructive ventilatory defect.NGAL may be involved in airway remodeling possibly mediated by neutrophilic inflammation in asthma.

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin does not predict acute kidney injury in heart failure

BACKGROUND Acute cardiorenal syndrome type 1(CRS-1)is defined by a rapid cardiac dysfunction leading to acute kidney injury(AKI).Neutrophil gelatinaseassociated lipocalin(NGAL)is expressed on the surface of human neutrophils and epithelial cells,such as renal tubule cells,and its serum(sNGAL)and urinary have been used to predict AKI in different clinical settings.AIM To characterize CRS-1 in a cohort of patients with acute heart diseases,evaluating the potentiality of sNGAL as an early marker of CRS-1.METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort,multi-centre study.From January 2010 to December 2011,we recruited 202 adult patients admitted to the coronary intensive care unit(CICU)with a diagnosis of acute heart failure or acute coronary syndrome.We monitored the renal function to evaluate CRS-1 development and measured sNGAL levels within 24 h and after 72 h of CICU admission.RESULTS Overall,enrolled patients were hemodynamically stable with a mean arterial pressure of 92(82-107)mmHg,55/202(27.2%)of the patients developed CRS-1,but none of them required dialysis.Neither the NGAL delta value(AUC 0.40,95%CI:0.25-0.55)nor the NGAL peak(AUC 0.45,95%CI:0.36-0.54)or NGAL cutoff(≥140 ng/mL)values were statistically significant between the two groups(CRS-1 vs no-CRS1 patients).The area under the ROC curve for the prediction of CRS-1 was 0.40(95%CI:0.25-0.55)for the delta NGAL value and 0.45(95%CI:0.36-0.54)for the NGAL peak value.Finally,in multivariate analysis,the risk of developing CRS-1 was correlated with age>60 years,urea nitrogen at admission and 24 h-urine output(AUC 0.83,SE=60.5%SP=93%),while sNGAL was not significantly correlated.CONCLUSION In our population,sNGAL does not predict CRS-1,probably as a consequence of the mild renal injury and the low severity of heart disease.So,these data might suggest that patient selection should be taken into account when considering the utility of NGAL measurement as a biomarker of kidney damage.

Combination of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 are biomarkers for the detection of colon tubular adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND Tubular adenocarcinoma of the colon,which originates from the epithelium of the glands,is a major health concern worldwide.However,it is difficult to detect at an early stage.The lack of biomarkers is a main barrier to the diagnosis and treatment of tubular adenocarcinoma.Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)is a secreted protein that induces the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)and is involved in various tumors.NGAL and MMP-9 have been reported to be associated with tumorigenesis and development.They may have potential as biomarkers for diagnosis of tubular adenocarcinoma of the colon.AIM To determine whether NGAL and MMP-9 can be used as potential biomarkers to indicate the progression of tubular adenocarcinoma of the colon.METHODS Samples were collected from surgically excised tissue from various patients.The content of pro-gastrin-releasing peptide(pro-GRP)in the serum was measured by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.The expression patterns of NGAL and MMP-9 and the relationship between NGAL and MMP-9 were examined by quantitative real-time PCR,Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis.RESULTS In this study,we found that NGAL and MMP-9 can be used as biomarkers for the detection of tubular adenocarcinoma of the colon and that their combination improved diagnostic accuracy.By analyzing the expression of NGAL in tubular adenocarcinoma at different levels,we found that NGAL expression was significantly upregulated in primary tubular adenocarcinoma tissues compared with normal tissues.The upregulation of NGAL expression was strongly correlated with both the degree of differentiation and the disease stage(I–III),indicating that NGAL could serve as a diagnostic biomarker for tubular adenocarcinoma.When using NGAL as a biomarker for diagnosis,the accuracy was similar to that achieved with the widely used biomarker pro-GRP,suggesting that NGAL is reliable.Moreover,the expression of MMP-9 was also strongly correlated with the differentiation stage,demonstrating that MMP-9 could be used as a biomarker to indicate the progression of tubular adenocarcinoma of the colon.More importantly,the combination of NGAL and MMP-9 produced a more accurate diagnosis of tubular adenocarcinoma,and these results were further confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis of tissue sections.CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that both NGAL and MMP-9 can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of colon tubular adenocarcinoma and that the results could be further improved by combining them.

The Differences of Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) Levels between Asphyxiated and Non-Asphyxiated Neonates

Objective: To evaluate the differences of urinary NGAL levels between asphyxiated and non-as- phyxiated neonates. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational analytic study, including 34 newborns in Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. Sample collection was conducted from December 2014 to March 2015. Urine NGAL levels were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) technique. To determine the differences of urinary NGAL levels between asphyxiated and non-asphyxiated group we used Mann-Whitney U test, and to determine the differences of gestational age and birth weight between these two groups we used Fisher’s exact test. Results: Twenty males (60%) and 14 females (40%) neonates participated in the study. From 34 subjects, 17 neonates were diagnosed with asphyxia and 17 neonates without asphyxia. The results showed that urine NGAL levels had significantly increased in asphyxiated neonates. The median urine NGAL level in asphyxiated group is 95% CI: 506.7 (60.0 - 651.7) ng/mL, while the median urine NGAL level in non-asphyxiated group is 95% CI: 6.7 (0.1 - 53.0) ng/mL. Statistically, there were significant urine NGAL levels differences between asphyxiated and non-asphyxi- ated neonates (p < 0.001). There were no differences in gestational age and birth weight between asphyxiated and non-asphyxiated neonates (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Urinary NGAL levels in asphyxiated neonates were significantly higher than those in non-asphyxiated neonates. There were significant differences of urine NGAL levels between the groups.

Evaluation of Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Content and Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin as Predictive Biomarkers of Anemia in Children on Hemodialysis

Background: Diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia with currently available tests is rendered difficult in hemodialysis patients. The aim: To investigate the role of reticulocyte Hemoglobin Content (CHr) in the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in hemodialysis children in comparison to the used traditional markers and assess the impressiveness and the utility of Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) as a novel biomarker of iron status in those patients. Methods: This study investigated CHr in addition to NGAL serum level in the same line with traditional markers for anemia, including: CBC, serum iron, ferritin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation (TSAT%). Results: It is more significant that CHr content in hemodialysis children is lower than their controls as they are (27.06 ± 2.90) pg and (32.86 ± 3.59) pg, respectively, p = 0.01. There is no significant difference regarding NGAL between the study groups. Significant negative correlation between CHr with ferritin, urea, creatinine, and positively correlated with iron and RBCS. CHr showed a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 86.67% to detect iron-deficiency anemia with a cut-off value of 27 pg. Conclusion: CHr is superior to ferritin and TSAT % for the early diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in hemodialysis children;our results do not support NGAL as a marker of anemia in hemodialysis patients.

Current role of biomarkers in the initiation and weaning of kidney replacement therapy in acute kidney injury

The occurrence of acute kidney injury(AKI)in critically ill patients is often associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates.Despite extensive research,a consensus is yet to be arrived,especially regarding the optimal timing and indications for initiation of kidney replacement therapy(KRT)for critically ill patients.There is no clear guidance available on the timing of weaning from KRT.More recently,various biomarkers have produced promising prognostic pre-diction in such patients,regarding the need for KRT and its termination.Most of these biomarkers are indicative of kidney damage and stress,rather than re-covery.However,large-scale validation studies are required to guide the cutoff values of these biomarkers among different patient cohorts so as to identify the optimum timing for KRT.This article reviews the kidney biomarkers in detail and summarizes the individual roles of biomarkers in the decision-making process for initiation and termination of the KRT among critically ill AKI patients and the supportive literature.

Correlation between Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin and Burn Severity: A Pilot Study

The severity of an initial burn injury is critical for determining the treatment plan and prognosis of burn patients. Here, we measured serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels to determine whether NGAL can be used as a biomarker for severity of burn injuries. A study of the demographic, clinical, and laboratory markers for various organ damage was performed at Bestian Burn Center (n = 10 healthy people, n = 31 patients). NGAL and organ damage marker levels were measured in 31 patients with severe burns within 2 - 3 days following their admission to the intensive care unit. Serum NGAL level of the expired patients was 788.5 (685.0 - 998.0) pg/mL, whereas that of the discharged patients was 421.2 (356.2 - 480.6) pg/mL, showing that the initial serum NGAL level can be used to estimate mortality. We also determined the correlation between serum NGAL level and the currently used severity markers (total body surface area burned and abbreviated burn severity index) and confirmed that serum NGAL level could be used as a severity marker. We also found that serum NGAL level was correlated with damage of organs such as the liver, kidney, heart, and respiratory organs in patients with severe burns.

血清HNL、PCT、sCD163及IL-6联合检测在老年患者脓毒症诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨中性粒细胞载脂蛋白(HNL)联合其他感染相关生物标志物对老年脓毒症患者的诊断价值。方法选取2019年5月至2022年11月我院收治的115例老年患者为研究对象,根据“脓毒症-3”共识标准、临床病史和实验室检查将其分为脓毒症组(n=35)、急性局部细菌感染组(n=50)、病毒感染组(n=30)和健康对照组(n=50)。收集患者的静脉血样,分析全血细胞计数、血培养、微生物培养结果,HNL、降钙素原(PCT)、白介素-6(IL-6)和可溶性血红蛋白清道夫受体(sCD163)检测水平。结果在老年脓毒症患者诊断中,HNL和PCT联合检测的灵敏度为91.4%,特异度为98%,显著优于使用1.025 ng/ml作为PCT的最佳截止值所达到的灵敏度80%以及使用98.91 ng/ml作为HNL的最佳截止值所达到的特异度84%;在老年患者局部细菌感染诊断中,HNL和PCT联合检测的灵敏度为88%,特异度为90%,显著优于PCT和HNL单独检测的诊断效能。结论HNL和PCT联合检测有助于老年脓毒症以及局部细菌感染的早期诊断。

新型及传统炎症指标对血液疾病患者细菌感染的评估

目的探究新型及传统炎症指标中性粒细胞载脂蛋白(human neutrophil apolipoprotein,HNL)、中性粒细胞CD64(neutrophtl CD64,nCD64)、降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、白细胞(white blood cell,WBC)计数对血液疾病细菌感染的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析85例细菌感染血液疾病患者临床资料,设为感染组,另外选取同期非细菌感染血液疾病患者62例为非感染组。比较2组患者一般资料、外周血HNL、nCD64、PCT、WBC计数水平差异,采用受试者操作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线描述上述指标应用于血液疾病细菌感染患者的诊断效能。结果感染组外周血PCT、HNL、nCD64、WBC计数水平均高于非感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),PCT、HNL、nCD64、WBC计数水平及联合预测诊断血液疾病细菌性感染的敏感度分别为81.18%、82.35%、78.82%、77.65%及96.47%,特异度分别为85.88%、89.41%、88.68%、88.24%及78.82%。ROC曲线结果显示,PCT、HNL、nCD64、WBC计数水平及联合预测诊断血液疾病细菌性感染的曲线下面积分别为0.871、0.907、0.891、0.788及0.984。结论外周血PCT、HNL、nCD64、WBC计数水平对诊断血液疾病细菌感染均有评估价值,其中以联合诊断价值最大。

Plasma neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin and cystatin C could early diagnose contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with renal insufficiency undergoing an elective percutaneous coronary intervention

Background Contrast induced acute kidney injury （CIAKI） is an important complication in the use of iodinated contrast media （CM）. Our study was to evaluate the neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin （NGAL） and cystatin C for early diagnosis of CIAKI. Methods The patients with established or suspected coronary artery disease （CAD） with the estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR） was more than 30 ml·min^-1·1.73 m^-2 and nor more than 90 ml·min^-1·1.73 m^-2 were continuously enrolled. The blood samples of the first 50 patients were obtained before and at 2, 4, 8, 24 and 48 hours after procedure to identify the time points at which the biomarkers reached peaks and at which the blood samples of the rest of patients were obtained. The plasma NGAL and cystatin C measure used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） kit. The diagnostic characteristics of absolute and relative increasing NGAL and cystatin C for CIAKI were evaluated. Results Total 311 patients were enrolled, among whom 39 （12.5%） developed CIAKI. Plasma NGAL increased at 2 hours and reached peak at 4 hours after procedure, while plasma cystatin C increased at 2 hours and reached peak at 24 hours after procedure. Thus, we determine rational point of time at 4 hours for NGAL and at 24 hours after procedure for cystatin C, respectively. The plasma NGAL at 4 hours after CM exposure showed largest area under curve （AUC） of 0.662 （95% confidence interval （CI）： 0.565-0.758, P=0.002） with 51.5% sensitivity and 80.6% of specificity. The relative increasing 25% of NGAL showed the best sensitivity and specificity of 0.872 and 0.808, respectively, with maximum Youden index of 0.680, while cystatin C with relative increasing more than 25% had 76.9% of sensitivity and 81.2% of specificity. Combined two biomarkers might get more than 90% of specificity. Conclusions Single measurement of NGAL or cystatin C had poor sensitivity and specificity; however, the relative increasing 25% of NGAL at 4 hours after CM exposure demonstrated higher diagnostic values for CIAKI. Combining relative increasing plasma NGAL with relative increasing plasma cystatin C might perform better for early diagnosis of CIAKI.

Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)and serum cystatin C measurements for early diagnosis of acute kidney injury in children admitted to PICU

Background Acute kidney injury(AKI)is common in critically ill children with significant mortality and morbidity.Serum creatinine is an insensitive and late biomarker compared to newly proposed AKI biomarkers.Methods Prospective study in pediatric intensive care unit(PICU)over three months to compare between serum cystatin-C(s-Cys-C)and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(uNGAL)as AKI biomarkers at multiple time points with pediatric risk,injury,failure,loss,end-stage renal disease(pRIFLE)classification in diagnosing AKI.Results Forty children were recruited.Of these 40 children,22 developed AKI according to pRIFLE criteria.There was no significant difference between AKI and non-AKI in age(P=0.29).Post cardiac surgery,renal insult was the main cause of AKI(27.3%).There was a twofold increased risk of incident AKI in those patients with high baseline uNGAL at PICU admission and almost a fourfold increased risk in patients with high baseline s-Cys-C at PICU admission.uNGAL levels were highly predictive of AKI during the follow-up period[area under the curve(AUC)=0.76,95%confidence interval(CI)0.61-0.92].The cutoff point with the highest correctly classified proportion was 223 ng/mL(≥12 centiles)which correctly predict 80.0%patients with AKI,with a corresponding sensitivity of 72.7%and a specificity of 89.9%.AUC for s-Cys-C was 0.86(95%CI 0.75-0.97),and the highest correctly classified proportion was 1009μg/L(≥13 centiles);75%of patients with AKI,with a corresponding sensitivity of 63.6%and a specificity of 88.9%.Conclusion uNGAL and s-Cys-C predicts AKI early in critically ill children.

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值、血小板计数与淋巴细胞比值及脂蛋白在急性胰腺炎患者中的检测价值

目的:分析不同严重程度急性胰腺炎(AP)患者外周血中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板计数与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)、载脂蛋白B/载脂蛋白A1(ApoB/ApoA1)、脂蛋白a[Lp(a)]的水平及其在AP患者中的检测价值。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月至2023年12月郑州市第二人民医院收治的69例AP患者的临床资料,根据病情严重程度将其分为3组,比较不同病情严重程度AP患者治疗前外周血NLR、PLR、ApoB/ApoA1、Lp(a)水平;采用Spearman相关性分析方法分析外周血NLR、PLR、ApoB/ApoA1、Lp(a)水平与AP严重程度的相关性。根据患者是否发生器官衰竭将其分为预后良好组(n=56)和预后不良组(n=13),比较两组患者外周血NLR、PLR、ApoB/ApoA1、Lp(a)水平,使用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析外周血NLR、PLR、ApoB/ApoA1、Lp(a)水平对AP患者预后的预测价值。结果:不同病情严重程度AP患者外周血NLR、PLR、ApoB/ApoA1、Lp(a)水平比较存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。经Spearman相关性分析,外周血NLR、PLR、ApoB/ApoA1、Lp(a)水平与AP严重程度均呈正相关(P<0.05)。预后不良组患者外周血NLR、PLR、ApoB/ApoA1、Lp(a)水平均显著高于预后良好组(P<0.05)。ROC曲线中,外周血NLR、PLR、ApoB/ApoA1、Lp(a)水平预测AP患者预后的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.837、0.793、0.827、0.757,敏感度分别为92.31%、92.31%、84.62%、76.92%,特异度分别为75.00%、66.07%、76.79%、71.43%。结论:外周血NLR、PLR、ApoB/ApoA1、Lp(a)水平与AP严重程度密切相关,且在预测AP患者预后中均具有较高价值。

Lipocalin-2 and intestinal diseases

Dysfunction of the intestinal barrier is a prevalent phenomenon observed across a spectrum of diseases,encompassing conditions such as mesenteric artery dissection,inflammatory bowel disease,cirrhosis,and sepsis.In these pathological states,the integrity of the intestinal barrier,which normally serves to regulate the selective passage of substances between the gut lumen and the bloodstream,becomes compromised.This compromised barrier function can lead to a range of adverse consequences,including increased permeability to harmful substances,the translocation of bacteria and their products into systemic circulation,and heightened inflammatory responses within the gut and beyond.Understanding the mechanisms underlying intestinal barrier dysfunction in these diverse disease contexts is crucial for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring barrier integrity and ameliorating disease progression.Lipocalin-2(LCN2)expression is significantly upregulated during episodes of intestinal inflammation,making it a pivotal indicator for gauging the extent of such inflammatory processes.Notably,however,LCN2 derived from distinct cellular sources,whether intestinal epithelial cells or immune cells,exhibits notably divergent functional characteristics.Furthermore,the multifaceted nature of LCN2 is underscored by its varying roles across different diseases,sometimes even demonstrating contradictory effects.

Effect of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati and Ramulus Cinnamomi Compatibility on Uric Acid Metabolism and Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 in Rats with Hyperuricemia

Objective：To explore the effects of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati and Ramulus Cinnamomicompatibility（PR） on uric acid metabolism and the expression of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin（NGAL） and kidney injury molecule-1（KIM-1） in rats with hyperuricemia. Methods：Seventy male Sprague Dawley（SD） rats were randomly divided into 7 groups with 10 rats per group, including the normal group, model group, allopurinol group, benzbromarone group and PR groups at 3 doses（3.5, 7, 14 g/kg）. Except the normal group, rats of the other groups were intragastrically administered 100 mg/kg hypoxanthine and 250 mg/kg ethambutol, and subcutaneously injected with 200 mg/kg potassium oxonate. All rats were continuously modeled for 17 days, and gavaged with corresponding drugs. The rats of the normal and model groups were gavaged with saline, once a day, for 2 weeks. The levels of serum uric acid（SUA）, blood urea nitrogen（BUN） and creatinine（Cr） were determined. In addition, the contents of NGAL and KIM-1 in urine and the m RNA and protein expressions of xanthine oxidase（XOD） in liver of hyperuricemia rats were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） and Western blot, respectively. Moreover, the pathological changes of kidney were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin（HE） stain method. Results：Compared with the normal group, the levels of SUA, BUN, NGAL and KIM-1 and the expressions of hepatic XOD m RNA and protein in the hyperuricemia rats were increased significantly（P〈0.01）. PR significantly decreased the levels of SUA, BUN, NGAL and KIM-1 and down-regulated the m RNA and protein expressions of hepatic XOD（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. In addition, the pathological changes of kidney were significantly suppressed by oral administration of PR. Conclusions：PR ameliorated uric acid metabolism and protected renal function, the underlying mechanism was mediated by decreasing the levels of SUA, BUN, NGAL and KIM-1, inhibiting the expression of hepatic XOD and ameliorating the pathological change of kidney.

HNL、IL-1Ra/IL-1β比值联合炎症标志物诊断急性细菌性肺炎与病毒性肺炎的价值及与病情的关系

目的探讨中性粒细胞载脂蛋白(HNL)、白细胞介素-1受体拮抗因子(IL-1Ra)/白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)比值辅助炎症标志物诊断急性细菌性肺炎与病毒性肺炎的价值及与病情的关系。方法回顾性选取2021年9月至2023年5月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九八〇医院收治的急性肺炎患者228例为研究组[根据病原体培养结果分为细菌亚组105例与病毒亚组123例;根据急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分结果将细菌亚组分为轻度32例、中度50例及重度23例,病毒亚组分为轻度36例、中度66例及重度21例],选取同期健康体检志愿者114例为对照组。比较研究组与对照组、细菌亚组与病毒亚组及不同病情程度患者HNL、IL-1Ra/IL-1β比值、炎症标志物[C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)]水平,并分析各指标对细菌性肺炎与病毒性肺炎的诊断价值与病情的关系。结果研究组血清HNL、IL-1β、CRP、PCT高于对照组,IL-1Ra、IL-1Ra/IL-1β比值低于对照组(P<0.05);细菌亚组血清HNL、IL-1β、CRP、PCT高于病毒亚组,IL-1Ra、IL-1Ra/IL-1β比值低于病毒亚组(P<0.05)。受试者工作特性曲线(ROC)显示,血清HNL、IL-1Ra/IL-1β比值、CRP、PCT联合诊断肺炎、细菌性肺炎以及病毒性肺炎具有较高的诊断价值。细菌亚组重度患者血清HNL、IL-1β、CRP、PCT水平>中度患者>轻度患者,IL-1Ra、IL-1Ra/IL-1β比值<中度患者<轻度患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);病毒亚组重度患者血清HNL、IL-1β、CRP水平>中度患者>轻度患者,IL-1Ra、IL-1Ra/IL-1β比值<中度患者<轻度患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);相关性分析结果显示,血清HNL、CRP与细菌性肺炎、病毒性肺炎病情程度呈正相关,IL-1Ra/IL-1β比值与之呈负相关,PCT与细菌性肺炎病情程度呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论血清HNL、IL-1Ra/IL-1β比值、CRP、PCT水平与细菌性肺炎、病毒性肺炎病情程度均具有一定相关性,联合检测可作为临床诊断急性细菌及病毒性肺炎的辅助指标,并对后续临床治疗具有一定指导价值。

血糖化血红蛋白/载脂蛋白A1比值和C反应蛋白/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值及中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞绝对值比值与冠心病的关系

目的 分析血糖化血红蛋白/载脂蛋白A1比值(HbA1c/ApoA1)、C反应蛋白/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(CHR)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞绝对值比值(NLR)与冠心病患者的关系。方法 选取2020年3月至2022年3月因胸痛来徐州市中心医院检查并治疗的200例冠心病患者(冠心病组)及同期100例非冠心病患者(非冠心病组)为研究对象,依据Syntax评分将冠心病患者分为冠状动脉轻度病变组、中度病变组、重度病变组,对比3组的外周血HbA1c/ApoA1、CHR、NLR比值,分析冠心病患者HbA1c/ApoA1、CHR、NLR比值与Syntax评分的相关性,绘制ROC曲线分析HbA1c/ApoA1、CHR、NLR比值对冠状动脉重度病变的预测价值,同时对比发生主要心血管不良事件(MACE)组与未发生MACE组的HbA1c/ApoA1、CHR、NLR差异,多因素logistic回归分析法分析影响冠状动脉病变程度的独立影响因素。结果 冠心病组血HbA1c/ApoA1、CHR、NLR比值高于非冠心病组(P<0.05);随冠状动脉病变程度增加,冠心病患者HbA1c/ApoA1、CHR、NLR比值增加(P<0.05);冠心病患者HbA1c/ApoA1、CHR、NLR比值与Syntax评分呈正相关(r=0.289、0.279、0.277,P<0.05);HbA1c/ApoA1、CHR、NLR比值联合预测冠心病患者发生重度冠状动脉病变的ROC曲线下面积为0.863,高于各指标单独诊断,发生MACE组的血HbA1c/ApoA1、CHR、NLR比值高于未发生MACE组(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析显示,HbA1c/ApoA1、CHR、NLR比值为影响冠心病冠状动脉重度程度的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 冠心病患者血HbA1c/ApoA1、CHR、NLR比值与其冠状动脉病变程度有密切关系,尽早检测可对其预后(MACE事件)予以预测。