Prognostic role of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in operable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

AIM:To explore the relationship of clinicopathological features and the distribution of neutrophils in the t umor mic roenvironment wi t h t he prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma.METHODS:Two hundred and fifty-four formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tissue blocks were analyzed, including tissues from cholangiocarcinoma(n = 254), and tumor adjacent tissues(n = 238).Tissue sections were stained for CD15 using immunohistochemical staining.CD15 expression was detected to identify the distribution of neutrophils in the local tumor microenvironment.The neutrophil density of the tumor tissues and the adjacent tumor tissues was detected to reflect their inflammatory status.Clinical data and follow-up information of cholangiocarcinoma patients who underwent surgery from January 2004 to December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.The relationship between clinicopathological features and the distribution of neutrophils with prognosis of the patients were analyzed.RESULTS:The positive expression level of CD15 was only significantly related to the TNM stage.CD15 expression was higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent tissues(73.6% vs 54.6%), with significant differences.Patients with high expression of CD15 had significantly shorter overall survival(OS) than those with low expression of CD15(median overall survival time 39.77 mo vs 16.87 mo, P = 0.008).Patients with high CD15 expression had significantly shorter disease free survival time(DFS) than those with low expression of CD15(median DFS 38.27 mo vs 16.83 mo, P = 0.029).COX multivariate analysis indicated that high CD15 expression in tumor tissues was an independent risk factor for predicting OS for patients with cholangiocarcinoma [P = 0.012, relative risk(RR) = 1.601], but it was not an independent risk factor for predicting DFS(P = 0.073, RR = 1.462).CONCLUSION:Patients with high CD15 expression in cancer tissues had shorter DFS and OS.High expression of CD15 is an independent risk factor for OS.

Combination of squamous cell carcinoma antigen immunocomplex and alpha-fetoprotein in mid-and long-term prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma among cirrhotic patients

BACKGROUND The combination of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)and squamous cell carcinoma antigen immunocomplex(SCCA-IgM)have been proposed for its use in the screening of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Current screening programs for all cirrhotic patients are controversial and a personalized screening is an unmet need in the precision medicine era.AIM To determine the role of the combination of SCCA-IgM and AFP in predicting mid-and long-term appearance of HCC.METHODS Two-hundred and three cirrhotic patients(Child A 74.9%,B 21.2%,C 3.9%)were followed-up prospectively every six months to screen HCC by ultrasound and AFP according to European Association for the Study of the Liver guidelines.The estimation cohort was recruited in Italy(30.5%;62/203)and validation cohort from Spain(69.5%;141/203).Patients underwent to evaluate SCCA-IgM by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(Hepa-IC,Xeptagen,Italy)and AFP levels at baseline.Patients were followed-up for 60 mo,being censored at the time of the appearance of HCC.RESULTS There were 10.8%and 23.1%of HCC development at two-and five-years followup.Patients with HCC showed higher levels of SCCA-IgM than those without it(425.72±568.33 AU/mL vs 195.93±188.40 AU/mL,P=0.009)during the fiveyear follow-up.In multivariate analysis,after adjusting by age,sex,aspartate transaminase and Child-Pugh,the following factors were independently associated with HCC:SCCA-IgM[Hazard ratio(HR)=1.001,95%CI:1.000-1.002;P=0.003],AFP(HR=1.028,95%CI:1.009-1.046;P=0.003)and creatinine(HR=1.56495%CI:1.151-2.124;P=0.004).The log-rank test of the combination resulted in 7.488(P=0.024)in estimation cohort and 11.061(P=0.004)in the validation cohort,and a 100%of correctly classified rate identifying a low-risk group in both cohorts in the two-year follow-up.CONCLUSION We have constructed a predictive model based on the combination of SCCA-IgM and AFP that provides a new HCC screening method,which could be followed by tailored HCC surveillance for individual patients,especially for those cirrhotic patients belonging to the subgroup identified as low-risk of HCC development.

Clinical applications of squamous cell carcinoma antigenimmunoglobulins M to monitor chronic hepatitis C

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) is the main cause of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis in Western countries. Over time, the majority of cirrhotic patients develop hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide- fourth for incidence rate. A high public health priority need is the development of biomarkers to screen for liver disease progression and for early diagnosis of HCC development, particularly in the high risk population represented by HCV-positive patients with cirrhosis. Several studies have shown that serological determination of a novel biomarker, squamous cell carcinoma antigen-immunoglobulins M(SCCA-Ig M), might be useful to identify patients with progressive liver disease. In the initial part of this review we summarize the main clinical studies that have investigated this new circulating biomarker on HCV-infected patients, providing evidence that in chronic hepatitis C SCCA-Ig M may be used to monitor progression of liver disease, and also to assess the virological response to antiviral treatment. In the last part of this review we address other, not less important, clinical applications of this biomarker in hepatology.

High expression of squamous cell carcinoma antigen in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach: A case report

BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma antigen(SCCA)is regarded as a specific indicator of epithelial malignancies and is widely used in the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).However,the expression of SCCA in gastric adenocarcinoma has not been studied in detail.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for a 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm ulcer at the antrum-body junction with dull pain and fullness in the upper abdomen for 2 mo.His pre-surgery serological testing results showed 0.51 ng/mL SCCA(reference interval,<1.5 ng/mL)and 9.9 ng/mL carcinoembryonic antigen(reference range,<4.7 ng/mL).He underwent radical distal gastrectomy and Roux-en Y anastomosis and was diagnosed with poorly differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma(Lauren classification:Diffuse)by pathological examination of the resected lesion.Immunohistochemistry showed that SCCA was highly expressed in the cytoplasm of cancer cells.After surgery,the patient received an S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy regimen for six cycles containing tegafur,gimeracil,and oteracil potassium.He showed no sign of recurrence or metastasis within 24-mo follow-up.CONCLUSION This is a frontal report of SCCA overexpression in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach.

Lymph node ratio-based staging system for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

AIM: To analyze a modified staging system utilizing lymph node ratio(LNR) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).METHODS: Clinical data of 2011 patients with ESCC who underwent surgical resection alone between January 1995 and June 2010 at the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College were reviewed. The LNR, or node ratio(Nr) was defined as the ratio of metastatic LNs ompared to the total number of resected LNs. Overall survival between groups was compared with the log-rank test. The cutoff point of LNR was established by grouping patients with 10% increment in Nr, and then combining the neighborhood survival curves using the log-rank test. A new TNr M staging system, was constructed by replacing the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC) N categories with the Nr categories in the new TNM staging system. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the predictive performance of the seventh edition AJCC staging system and the TNr M staging system.RESULTS: The median number of resected LNs was 12(range: 4-44), and 25% and 75% interquartilerangeswere8 and 16. Patients were classified into four Nr categories with distinctive survival differences(Nr0: LNR = 0; Nr1: 0% < LNR ≤ 10%; Nr2: 10% < LNR ≤ 20%; and Nr3: LNR > 20%). From N categories to Nr categories, 557 patients changed their LN stage. The median survival time(MST) for the four Nr categories(Nr0-Nr3) was 155.0 mo, 39.0 mo, 28.0 mo, and 19.0 mo, respectively, and the 5-year overall survival was 61.1%, 41.1%, 33.0%, and 22.9%, respectively(P < 0.001). Overall survival was significantly different for the AJCC N categories when patients were subgrouped into 15 or more vs fewer than 15 examined nodes, except for the N3 category(P = 0.292). However, overall survival was similar when the patients in all four Nr categories were subgrouped into 15 or more vs fewer than 15 nodes. Using the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic, we found that the Nr category and TNr M stage had higher accuracy in predicting survival than the AJCC N category and TNM stage. CONCLUSION: A staging system based on LNR may have better prognostic stratification of patients with ESCC than the current TNM system, especially for those undergoing limited lymphadenectomy.

Signature Based on Six Autophagy-related Genes to Predict Prognosis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Objective The present study aimed to develop an autophagy-related gene prognostic prediction model to provide survival risk prediction for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)patients.Methods The K-mean cluster analysis was performed on HNSCC samples based on the expression values of 210 autophagy-related genes for candidate signature gene selection.LASSO Cox regression analysis was generated using the potential genes and the risk score was calculated from the prognosis model.The risk score was processed as an independent prognostic indicator to construct the nomogram model.The immune status including immune cell infiltration ratio and checkpoints of patients with HNSCC in high-and low-risk groups was also explored.Results LASSO Cox regression analysis was performed on the selected autophagy-related genes.According to the lambda value corresponding to the number of different genes in the LASSO Cox analysis,six genes(GABARAPL2,SAR1A,ST13,GAPDH,FADD and LAMP1)were finally chosen.The risk score based on the genes was generated,which was an independent prognostic marker for HNSCC.The prognostic prediction model(nomogram)was further optimized by the independent prognostic factors(risk score),which can better predict the prognosis and survival of patients.With the risk score and prognosis model,eight types of immune cells and six key immune checkpoints(CTLA4,PD1,IDO1,TDO2,LAG3,TIGIT)displayed expression specificity.Conclusion This study identified several potential prognostic biomarkers and established an autophagy-related prognostic prediction model for HNSCC,which provides a valuable reference for future clinical research.

Identification of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as amniotic fluid-specific markers

Objective: To determine if an amniotic fluid (AF)-specific marker is present and if its concentration changes with the presence of labor. Study Design: Twenty-six healthy women who gave birth to healthy newborns at term during the period from July 2009 to January 2010 were included in the study. Six candidate markers were assessed by commercially available ELISA kits: interleukin (IL)-6, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen, insulin-like growth factor (IGFBP)-1, osteopontin (OPN), CA125, and sialyl Tn (STN). Results: The AF/maternal serum (MS) measurement based on IL-6 or SCC has proved to be superior to IGFBP-1, CA125, OPN and STN. Women with spontaneous labor at term had significantly higher IL-6 and IGFBP-1 concentrations in AF compared with those without labor. No significant differences were observed in the AF concentrations of SCC, OPN, CA125 and STN between women with labor and those not in labor. Conclusion: Our observation of IL-6 and SCC in AF may open a new area of research to assess their usefulness as biological markers of obstetrical disorders.

Impact of Preoperative Serum Tumor Markers in Patients with Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background: Several previous researchers have investigated the prognostic value of serum tumor markers, especially carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Only a limited number of studies reported the usefulness of serum tumor markers for lung squamous cell carcinoma (SQ). We aimed to examine the significance of serum tumor markers for lung SQ. Methods: Eighty-five lung SQ patients who underwent surgery and followed more than 5-year were included. The ratios of 5-year survivors to all patients in groups with several clinicopathologic factors, including tumor markers, were compared. We also compared the clinicopathologic factors between central type and peripheral type SQ. Results: The majority of patients were male gender and current/ former smokers. Age, pN status, cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), and comorbid interstitial pneumonia (IP) were associated with the ratio of 5-year survivors significantly. When patients were compared based on tumor location, high p-stage and CYFRA 21-1 were related to central type SQ. Conclusion: Both SCC and CYFRA 21-1 appeared to be useful prognostic markers for patients with lung SQ. Furthermore, CYFRA 21-1 was related to central type SQ.

宫颈癌患者血清SCC-Ag、NLR水平与临床病理特征及预后关系

目的:探讨宫颈癌患者血清鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC-Ag)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)与临床病理特征及预后关系。方法:纳入2018年1月-2023年1月本院收治的108例宫颈癌患者为宫颈癌组,宫颈上皮内瘤病变(CIN)患者108例为CIN组,健康体检健康女性108例为对照组。比较3组血清SCC-Ag、NLR水平,分析宫颈癌组血清SCC-Ag、NLR水平与临床病理特征及与预后关系。结果:血清SCC-Ag、NLR水平,宫颈癌组(7.35±1.76、4.65±1.06)、CIN组(2.06±0.53、3.41±0.89)、对照组(0.54±0.12、1.53±0.34)依次降低(P<0.05)。宫颈癌患者血清SCC-Ag、NLR水平与病理类型、FIGO分期、病理分级、肌层浸润深度和盆腔淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier显示,SCC-Ag、NLR高表达组总生存率、无病生存率均低于SCC-Ag、NLR低表达组,SCC-Ag高表达+NLR高表达组总生存率、无病生存率最低(均P<0.05)。结论:宫颈癌患者血清SCC-Ag、NLR水平与病理类型、FIGO分期、病理分级和肌层浸润深度等有关,且SCC-Ag、NLR水平越高患者预后越差。

Cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 as an independent predictor for definitive chemoradiotherapy sensitivity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Background Patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） undergoing definitive chemoradiotherapy （CRT） seem to have a disparity in therapeutic response. The identification of CRT sensitivity-related clinicopathological factors would be helpful for selecting patients most likely to benefit from CRT. Cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 （CYFRA21-1） and carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） have been reported as useful tumor markers for esophageal cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the predictive value of CYFRA21-1 in comparison with CEA and other clinicopathological factors in patients with ESCC treated with definitive CRT. Methods Pretreatment serum CYFRA21-1 and CEA levels were measured by immunoradiometric assays. The relationships between pretreatment clinicopathological factors and the efficacy of CRT were analyzed. Overall survival （OS） was estimated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results The results from a univariate analysis indicated that the efficacy of CRT was significantly associated with the serum levels of CYFRA21-1 and CEA before treatment （P=0.001 and P=0.023, respectively）. It also indicated that the efficacy of CRT was significantly associated with the pretreatment tumor location （P=-0.041）. By Logistic regression analysis, the independent predictive factor associated with efficacy of CRT was CYFRA21-1 （P=0.002）. The OS of the patients with high CYFRA 21-1 levels was worse than that of those with low CYFRA21-1 levels （P=0.001）. In multivariate analysis, a low level of CYFRA21-1 was the most significant independent predictor of good OS （P=0.007）. Conclusions CEA and tumor location may be useful in predicting the sensitivity of ESCC to CRT. CYFRA21-1 may be an independent predictor for definitive CRT sensitivity in ESCC.

血清肿瘤标志物联合检测对肺癌患者术后复发的预测价值

目的 探讨血清肿瘤标志物[癌胚抗原(CEA)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、鳞状细胞癌相关抗原(SCC-Ag)、细胞角质蛋白19片段抗原21-1(CYFRA21-1)、胃泌素释放肽前体(ProGRP)]联合检测对肺癌患者术后复发的预测价值。方法 选取110例肺癌患者和110例健康体检者,分别作为观察组和健康组,比较两组受试者、术前和术后1年肺癌患者、复发与未复发肺癌患者术后1年血清CEA、NSE、SCC-Ag、CYFRA21-1、ProGRP水平。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC),评估血清CEA、NSE、SCC-Ag、CYFRA21-1、ProGRP单独及联合检测对肺癌患者术后复发的预测价值。结果 观察组患者血清CEA、NSE、SCC-Ag、CYFRA21-1、ProGRP水平均明显高于健康组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。术后1年,肺癌患者血清CEA、NSE、SCC-Ag、CYFRA21-1、ProGRP水平均明显低于术前,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。随访1年,110肺癌手术患者中,复发30例,未复发80例,未复发肺癌患者术后1年血清CEA、NSE、SCC-Ag、CYFRA21-1、ProGRP水平均明显低于复发患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。ROC曲线显示,血清CEA、NSE、SCC-Ag、CYFRA21-1、ProGRP联合检测预测肺癌患者术后复发的AUC为0.930(95%CI:0.875~0.985),灵敏度为85.00%,特异度为93.75%,均高于各指标单独检测。结论 肺癌患者血清CEA、NSE、SCC-Ag、CYFRA21-1、ProGRP水平较高,上述指标联合检测预测肺癌患者术后复发的效能较高。

PD⁃1抑制剂联合全身化疗治疗复发转移性宫颈癌的临床效果观察

目的探讨程序性细胞死亡受体-1(PD-1)抑制剂(卡瑞利珠单抗)免疫治疗联合全身化疗治疗复发转移性宫颈癌的临床效果。方法选择2019年2月—2021年6月定州市人民医院收治的复发转移性宫颈癌64例,依据随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各32例。对照组给予紫杉醇联合顺铂全身化疗方案,研究组给予全身化疗方案+PD-1卡瑞利珠单抗免疫治疗。比较2组临床疗效,分析治疗前及治疗3个周期后鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC)、外周血淋巴细胞/单核细胞(LMR)及血小板/淋巴细胞(PLR)指标水平及Kamofsky评分变化,并观察治疗期间毒性作用发生情况及随访期间患者总生存期。结果研究组总有效率、疾病控制率分别为93.75%(30/32)、96.88%(31/32),高于对照组的68.75%(22/32)、75.00%(24/32),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗3个周期后,2组血清SCC、PLR水平较治疗前降低,LMR较治疗前升高,且研究组改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组Kamofsky评分均较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后研究组1、2年生存率及总生存期高于或长于对照组(P<0.05)。2组毒性作用多数为1~2级。研究组血小板下降和转氨酶升高比例分别为37.50%(12/32)和28.12%(9/32),高于对照组的18.75%(6/32)和9.38%(3/32),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组贫血、白细胞下降、恶心、腹泻、乏力等毒性作用发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组中发生反应性毛细血管增生症、甲状腺功能减退、皮疹、带状疱疹、过敏等经对症处理后症状消失。结论PD-1抑制剂联合全身化疗治疗复发转移性宫颈癌提高了临床效果、生存质量及生存率,延长生存期,改善了机体的炎症免疫反应状态,毒性作用较少,患者耐受性好。

The serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen level in inverted sinonasal papilloma and nasal polyps patients

Objective:To clarify whether the serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen(SCCA)levels of patients with inverted papilloma(IP)are different from patients with nasal polyps(NP)and rhinitis.Materials and methods:Serum SCCA levels were measured in 30 patients with IP and 30 patients with NP at one day before surgery and seven days after surgery and measured in 28 patients with rhinitis.Results:Elevated serum SCCA levels(>1.5 ng/ml)were found in 80.0%of patients in the IP group,6.7%of patients in the NP group and 14.3%of patients in the rhinitis group,which was a significant difference.The medians of serum SCCA levels in the IP,NP and rhinitis groups were 3.9,0.8 and 1.1 ng/ml,respectively,which was a significant difference.The SCCA level in IP group was not significantly correlated according to Krouse Staging.There was a significant difference in serum SCCA levels between the pre-and postoperative stages in the IP group,at 3.9 and 0.8 ng/ml,respectively,while in the NP group the levels were 0.8 and 1.0 ng/ml,not significantly different.With regard to the IP diagnosis in the IP and NP group based on the SCCA level(>1.5 ng/ml),sensitivity and specificity was 80.0%and 93.3%,respectively.Conclusions:The serum SCCA level in patients with IP was elevated and then it decreased after surgery.This was different from NP and rhinitis patients who mostly had normal levels,which did not change.

术后血清MMP-2、SCCA1表达水平对鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤术后复发的预测价值

目的探讨术后血清基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)、鳞状细胞癌抗原1(SCCA1)表达水平对鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤(SNIP)患者术后复发的预测价值。方法回顾性分析手术治疗的SNIP患者65例,根据术后2年内复发情况,将其分为复发组(n=12)和未复发组(n=53)。Elisa法检测手术前后血清MMP-2、SCCA1表达水平。收录临床资料,包括性别、年龄、饮酒史、吸烟史、肿瘤部位、手术方式、术后有无应用5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fluorouracil,5-FU)、Krouse分期及有无糖尿病、高血压;Logistic回归分析影响SNIP患者术后复发的危险因素;ROC曲线分析术后血清MMP-2、SCCA1表达水平对SNIP患者术后复发的预测价值。结果术后,2组血清MMP-2、SCCA1表达水平均较术前降低(P<0.05),但复发组血清MMP-2、SCCA1表达水平均高于未复发组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,有吸烟史、术后未应用5-FU、Krouse分期为T3~T4期、术后血清MMP-2表达水平、SCCA1表达水平是影响SNIP患者术后复发的危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,术后血清MMP-2、SCCA1表达水平单独及二者联合预测SNIP患者术后复发的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.786、0.800、0.836,敏感度分别为83.33%、75.00%、91.67%,特异度分别为71.70%、79.25%、75.47%。结论术后血清MMP-2、SCCA1表达水平可作为预测SNIP患者术后复发的辅助指标,且二者联合预测的效果更佳。

胃泌素释放肽前体、鳞状细胞癌抗原在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨胃泌素释放肽前体(ProGRP)、鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCCA)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中的表达及临床意义。方法选取122例NSCLC患者和93例健康体检者,分别作为观察组和对照组。采用化学发光法检测两组受试者血清ProGRP、SCCA水平,比较不同组织学类型NSCLC患者ProGRP、SCCA的水平和阳性表达率,比较两组受试者和不同临床特征NSCLC患者的ProGRP、SCCA阳性表达率。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC),分析ProGRP、SCCA单独及联合检测对NSCLC的诊断价值。结果鳞状细胞癌患者的血清SCCA水平高于腺癌及大细胞癌患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。鳞状细胞癌患者SCCA的阳性表达率高于腺癌患者,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。观察组患者ProGRP、SCCA的阳性表达率分别为90.98%、78.69%,分别明显高于对照组的8.60%、6.45%,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。有淋巴结转移NSCLC患者ProGRP、SCCA的阳性表达率均明显高于无淋巴结转移患者(P﹤0.01)。ROC曲线显示,ProGRP联合SCCA检测诊断NSCLC的AUC为0.797(95%CI:0.714~0.880),灵敏度为90.59%,特异度为89.25%,均高于二者单独检测。结论ProGRP、SCCA在NSCLC患者中阳性表达率均较高,且其表达与淋巴结转移有关,二者联合检测对NSCLC具有较高的诊断价值。

基于核磁共振和鳞状细胞癌抗原预测早期宫颈鳞癌辅助放疗的模型

目的建立一个基于核磁共振和鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCCA)模型,预测早期宫颈鳞癌是否需要术后辅助放疗。方法收集2018—2021年医院收治的67例早期宫颈鳞癌(ⅠB1、ⅠB2、ⅡA1)患者的临床资料,回顾性分析病灶大小、浸润深度、组织分化程度、年龄、SCCA、表观弥散系数(ADC)值、人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)亚型与术后辅助放疗的关系。通过单因素及多因素分析,筛选出影响术后辅助放疗的独立危险因素。应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线求得独立危险因素的截断值,进一步构建预测模型。结果单因素分析后发现,病灶大小(P<0.001)、浸润深度(P=0.001)、组织分化程度(P=0.002)、SCCA(P<0.001)、ADC值(P<0.001)影响术后辅助放疗,二元logistic回归多因素分析后发现,病灶大小(OR=1.201,P=0.021)、SCCA(OR=1.608,P=0.033)、ADC值(OR=0.013,P=0.043)是影响辅助放疗的独立危险因素。利用ROC求得截断值分别为:SCCA=4.84μg·L^(-1),病灶=27 mm,ADC=0.907×10^(-3)mm^(2)·s^(-1)。当同时满足任意2个指标时,术后辅助放疗的比率达94.7%以上。结论肿瘤≥27 mm、ADC值≤0.907×10^(-3)mm^(2)·s^(-1)、SCCA≥4.84μg·L^(-1)可以作为判断辅助放疗的指标,若同时满足任意2个指标,辅助放疗的可能性明显增加,此时应慎重考虑治疗方式,尽量避免根治性手术及辅助放疗双重治疗模式带来的严重并发症的发生。

肿瘤间质比在口腔鳞状细胞癌患者预后评估中的价值分析

目的:分析肿瘤间质比(tumor-stroma ratio,TSR)在口腔鳞状细胞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)患者预后中的价值。方法:收集2015年1月~2017年12月在蚌埠医学院第一附属医院接受根治性切除术的OSCC患者为研究对象,并收集临床及病理资料。TSR以50%为界限,将其分为高间质比组(≥50%)及低间质比组(<50%)。分析TSR和OSCC患者的无病生存期及总生存期之间的关系。结果:术后随访及临床资料完整的98例患者中,高间质比患者42例,低间质比患者56例。高间质比组OSCC患者的5年总生存率以及5年无病生存率分别为31.0%(13/42)、26.2%(11/42);低间质比组OSCC患者的5年总生存率以及5年无病生存率分别为73.2%(41/56)、67.9%(38/56)。肿瘤发病部位与患者的5年总生存率(χ^(2)=1.327,P=0.932)及5年无病生存率(χ^(2)=3.113,P=0.683)无关;肿瘤临床分期、TSR与患者的5年总生存率5年无病生存率显著相关(P<0.001)。单因素COX分析结果显示,年龄、肿瘤T分期、淋巴结转移、TSR与OSCC患者总体生存率以及无病生存率有关。而通过多因素COX研究显示,肿瘤T分期、淋巴结转移以及TSR是影响OSCC患者总生存率与无病生存率的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:TSR可作为OSCC患者术后预后的影响因素,可为OSCC患者术后辅助治疗方法的选择提供参考依据。

胃癌患者血清胃泌素释放肽前体、鳞癌相关抗原和糖类抗原72-4的变化及意义

目的探讨胃癌患者血清胃泌素释放肽前体(ProGRP)、鳞癌相关抗原(SCC)及糖类抗原72-4(CA72-4)水平变化及临床意义。方法选取68例胃癌患者(胃癌组)、37例胃部良性病变患者(胃部良性病变组)、30例健康受试者(非胃部疾病组)作为研究对象。比较3组研究对象入院时血清ProGRP、SCC、CA72-4水平;分析胃癌组患者血清ProGRP、SCC、CA72-4水平与病理参数的关系;对出院后胃癌组患者随访24个月,采用多因素Logistic回归分析明确胃癌患者随访预后的影响因素,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线并计算曲线下面积(AUC),分析血清ProGRP、SCC、CA72-4对胃癌患者随访期间死亡的预测效能。结果胃癌组血清ProGRP、SCC、CA72-4水平高于胃部良性病变组和非胃部疾病组,胃部良性病变组血清ProGRP、CA72-4水平高于非胃部疾病组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);胃癌组中,TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、组织学分级为中低分化、有淋巴结转移患者血清ProGRP、CA72-4水平分别高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、高分化、无淋巴结转移患者,组织学分级为中低分化患者血清SCC水平高于高分化患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访24个月,胃癌组存活49例(存活组)、死亡19例(死亡组),死亡组患者入院时血清ProGRP、SCC、CA72-4水平均高于存活组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,血清ProGRP、SCC、CA72-4均为胃癌患者随访预后的独立影响因素(P<0.05);血清ProGRP、SCC、CA72-4对胃癌患者随访期间死亡均有良好的预测效能(AUC=0.766、0.705、0.828),且三者联合的预测效能更佳(AUC=0.899)。结论胃癌患者血清ProGRP、SCC、CA72-4水平异常升高(与TNM分期、组织学分级、淋巴结转移状态有关),三者联合检测对患者随访期间死亡具有很好的预测效能。

宫颈癌患者血清微小RNA-195、双皮质素样激酶1、鳞状细胞癌抗原表达水平与临床病理特征及预后相关性研究

目的:探讨宫颈癌患者血清微小RNA-195(miR-195)、双皮质素样激酶1(DCLK1)、鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC-Ag)水平与临床病理特征及预后的相关性。方法:选取宫颈癌患者72例为观察组,同期体检健康女性60例为对照组,比较两组血清miR-195、DCLK1、SCC-Ag表达水平。采用Spearman法分析宫颈癌患者血清miR-195、DCLK1、SCC-Ag与临床病理特征的相关性,随访3年,记录患者生存情况。采用Cox回归模型分析宫颈癌患者预后的影响因素。结果:观察组血清DCLK1、SCC-Ag水平较对照组升高,miR-195水平较对照组下降(均P<0.05)。血清miR-195水平与淋巴结转移、国际妇产科联盟(FIGO)分期、肿瘤分化程度呈负相关,DCLK1水平与FIGO分期、肿瘤分化程度呈正相关,SCC-Ag水平与肿瘤分化程度、肿瘤直径呈正相关(均P<0.05)。miR-195高表达患者3年生存率高于低表达患者,DCLK1、SCC-Ag高表达患者3年生存率低于低表达患者(均P<0.05)。FIGO分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径及血清miR-195、DCLK1、SCC-Ag水平是宫颈癌患者预后的独立影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论:宫颈癌患者血清DCLK1、SCC-Ag水平升高,miR-195水平降低,三者与临床病理特征和预后有关,是宫颈癌患者预后的独立影响因素。

肺癌患者血清CA724、CA153、SCC水平与病理特征及术后复发转移的关系

目的探讨肺癌(LC)患者血清糖类抗原724(CA724)、糖类抗原153(CA153)、鳞癌抗原(SCC)水平与病理特征及术后复发转移的关系。方法选取2019年6月至2020年12月在周口市中心医院接受手术治疗的102例LC患者,根据其2 a后是否存在复发转移分为复发转移组和未复发转移组,比较两组术前血清CA724、CA153和SCC水平及病理特征,分析影响术后复发转移的因素。结果随访后,102例患者中有65例发生复发转移,发生率为63.73%;复发转移组CA724、CA153和SCC水平均高于未复发转移组(P<0.05);腺癌组CA724水平高于小细胞肺癌组和鳞癌组(P<0.05),3组CA153水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);鳞癌组SCC水平高于小细胞肺癌组和腺癌组(P<0.05)。Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期CA724、CA153和SCC水平高于Ⅰ期(P<0.05)。复发转移组和未复发转移组TNM分期和分化程度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Cox单因素回归分析结果显示,TNM分期、高水平CA724、CA153、SCC和分化程度是LC患者术后复发转移的影响因素(P<0.05);多因素回归分析结果显示,TNM分期为Ⅲ期和高水平的CA724、CA153和SCC均为影响LC患者术后复发转移的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论LC患者血清CA724、CA153、SCC表达水平与LC病理特征和术后复发转移关系密切,临床可通过检测血清CA724、CA153、SCC水平来评估术后复发转移情况。