New approaches to gastric cancer staging:Beyond endoscopic ultrasound,computed tomography and positron emission tomography

Currently, there is no single gold standard modality for staging of gastric cancer and several methods have been used complementarily in the each clinical situation. To make up for the shortcomings of conventional modalities such as endoscopic ultrasound, computed tomography and 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography, numerous attempts with new approaches have been made for gastric cancer staging. For T staging, magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band was evaluated to differentiate mucosal cancer from submucosal cancer. Single/double contrast-enhanced ultrasound and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging were also tried to improve diagnostic accuracy of gastric cancer. For intraoperative staging with sentinel node mapping, indocyanine green infrared and fluorescence imaging was introduced. In addition, to detect micrometastasis, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction system with multiple markers was studied. Staging laparoscopy using 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic diagnosis and percutaneous diagnostic peritoneal lavage were also evaluated. However, most studies reporting new staging methods is preliminary and further studies for validation in clinical practice are needed. In this mini-review, we discuss new progress in gastric cancer staging. Especially, we focus on new diagnostic approach to gastric cancer staging beyond the conventional modalities and briefly review the remarkable clinical results of the studies published over the past three years.

New approaches for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease:a fascinating challenge

The prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases is the new challenge for pharmaceutical industry,but also for public institutions,physicians,patients,and their families.The spread of these pathologies is,in fact,a real social problem,especially in the Western Countries where the population age is increasing and chronic diseases are more and more common.

A Review of the New ESL Approach in America

This article is trying to review a new ESL Approach which has achieved a great success in America. Some of its key principles, methods and results are introduced so that the readers may get some ideas from it.

New approach: removal of silicone oil and trocar assisted sutureless scleral fixated intraocular lens implantation at the same session

Dear Sir,Iam Dr.Remzi Karadag,from the Department of Ophthalmology,Istanbul Medeniyet University School of Medicine,Istanbul,Turkey.I write to present two case reports of removal of silicone oil and trocar assisted sutureless scleral fixated intraocular lens implantation at the same session.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a new treatment approach for Alzheimer's disease

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a new treatment approach for Alzheimer’s disease（AD）：Alongside the increase in life expectancy,the prevalence of age-related disorders,such as neurodegenerative diseases,is on the rise.For example,AD,the most common form of dementia in the elderly,accounts for 60–80%of all dementia cases.

A NEW APPROACH TO THE EQUATIONS FOR THE STEADY STATE CURRENTS AT MICROELECTRODES:EC'PROCESSES(SECOND ORDER REACTION)

With a new approach,the general current expressions of two typical second order catalytic reactions at microelectrodes are obtained.This allows the study of fast chemical reactions and systems where the reactants are present in similar concentrations.

High Performance Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography-A New Approach to Separate Intermediates of Protein Folding──Ⅰ.Separation of Intermediates of Urea-unfolded α-Amylase

Based on the different hydrophobicities of the intermediates of proteins the various conformational intermediates of the refolding of a-amylase originally denatured with 8.0 mol/L urea solution were separated with high performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography(HPHIC). Compared to the separation of the same intermediates with weak anion exchange chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography the result obtained with HPHIC is the best It would be expected that HPHIC may be a strongly potential tool to separate intermediates of some proteins which cannot be, or cannot completely be refolded by HPHIC.

New Exact Traveling Wave Solutions of (2 + 1)-Dimensional Time-Fractional Zoomeron Equation

In this paper, the new mapping approach and the new extended auxiliary equation approach were used to investigate the exact traveling wave solutions of (2 + 1)-dimensional time-fractional Zoomeron equation with the conformable fractional derivative. As a result, the singular soliton solutions, kink and anti-kink soliton solutions, periodic function soliton solutions, Jacobi elliptic function solutions and hyperbolic function solutions of (2 + 1)-dimensional time-fractional Zoomeron equation were obtained. Finally, the 3D and 2D graphs of some solutions were drawn by setting the suitable values of parameters with Maple, and analyze the dynamic behaviors of the solutions.

The Reaction of ∝, β-epoxyketones with methoxymethylenetriphenylphosphorane, A New Approach to ∝-alkylsubstituted-γ-hydroxy-d, β-unsaturated aldehydes

The reaction of α, β-epoxyketones with methoxymethylenetriphenyl- phosphorane provides a method for the preparation of α-alkylsubstituted γ-hydroxy-α, β-unsaturated aldehydes with one carbon homologation and retention of configuration.

A NEW APPROACH TO ESTIMATE KINETIC DECOMPOSITION FROM TG-DTG OR DSC CURVE

This paper reports a new approach to estimate kinetic parameters for the thermal decomposition of the solid state from TG-DTG or DSC curve.Reduced equations are derived for the first tlme.The validity of these equations was demonstrated employing data obtained from the dehydration process of calcium oxalate monohydrate.

A NEW APPROACH TO THE SYNTHESES OF THE PHEROMONES OF JAPANESE BEETLE AND BONTEBOK WITH(Z)-VINYL CUPRATES

The dl-form of the sex pheromone of Japanese b(?)tle and the trail pheromone of Bontebok were synthesised in high purity of (Z)-olefinic configuration. The key step of the syntheses of compounds (1) and (2) involved stereospecific addition of n-alkyl cuprates to acetylene followed by addition of vinyl cuprates to aldehyde (7) and 3-buten--2-one.

The Mixed Spin-1/2 and Spin-1 Ising–Heisenberg Model in the Mean-Field Approximation: a New Approach

Thermodynamic properties of the mixed spin-1 and spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg model are studied on a honeycomb lattice using a new approach in the mean-field approximation to analyze the effects of longitudinal Dz and transverse Dx crystal fields. The phase diagrams are calculated in detail by studying the thermal variations of the order parameters, i.e., magnetizations and quadrupole moments, and compared with the literature to assess the reliability of the new approach. It is found that the model yields both second- and first-order phase transitions, and tricritical points. The compensation behavior of the model is also investigated for the sublattice magnetizations, and longitudinal and transverse quadrupolar moments. The latter type of compensation is observed in the literature but its possible importance is overlooked.

A NEW SYNTHETIC APPROACH TO PHOSPHONOPEPTIDE WITH PHOSPHONAMIDE MOIETY

A novel tricomponental condensation leading to p-nitrophenyl- ethyl hydrogen substituted benzylphosphonates was described.The use of these compounds for the synthesis of phosphonopeptide with phosphonamide moiety was demonstrated.

New Approach to Study the Evolution of Rossby Wave Packet

The average variational principle was employed in this paper to study the evolution of large-scale and slowly varying Rossby wave packet with basic flow both in barotropic and baroclinic atmospheres. The evolution of the structure of Rossby wave packet with both time and space was studied. The results obtained in this paper are similar to the results of by WKBJ method. In addition, the dispersive process of the wave packet was analysed by taking Gaussian type wave packet as an initial disturbance. The valid time scale for application of wave packet theory in the atmosphere was obtained.

New Approach to Find Initial Basic Feasible Solution (IBFS) for Optimal Solution in Transportation Problem

Minimizing transportation time and getting optimal solutions are always considered as important factors while solving transportation problem. This paper shows a new approach for finding initial basic solution for transportation problem which reduces cost of transportation more than any transportation method such as LCM, northwest, Vogel’s approximation and so on. This method has been illustrated by taking an example;afterwards, it compares basic initial feasible solution with other methods IBF and optimal dictate solutions such as MODI and Steppingstone method.

Taking a New Approach

THE tiny Chinese village of Wukan in Guangdong Province has gone from obscurity to public prominence in three months. More than 10,000 villagers who call Wukan home embarked on a three-month long confrontation with the local government in September 2011, an event watched closely by the entire country. In the process, much public debate was stirred up, providing food for thought about how the country should be governed, most notably in rural areas.

New Approach to Solve Cubic Objective Function Programming Problem

In this paper, a cubic objective programming problem (COPP) is defined. Introduced a new modification to solve a cubic objective programming problem. Suggested an algorithm for its solution. Also reported the algorithm of the usual simplex method. Application talks about how the developed algorithm can be used to unravel non-linear. The proposed technique, modification simplex technique, can be used with the constructed numerical examples an illustrative numerical problems are given to demonstrate the algorithms.