Key Points of Breeding and Cultivation Techniques of Wushan Crisp Plum,a New Cultivar of Green Crisp Plum

Wushan crisp plum is a new cultivar of green crisp plum with dignified fruit shape,crisp and tender flesh,pit separability and sweet taste.It is bred from natural bud mutant of Jiang'an Dabaili,a local green crisp plum cultivar by Wushan County Fruit Industry Development Center,Southwest University and Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station.Wushan crisp plum has won the gold award in the National High-quality Plum and Apricot Appraise and Elect and the tile of"the king of fruit"in the"Three-Gorge Cup"High-quality Crisp Plum Appraise and Elect.In the southwestern region of China,the planting area of Wushan crisp plum has been extended to 33000 ha.The cultivar has strong robust and fast growth.In the area along the Yangtze River in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of Chongqing,it ripens from early to middle July.The fruit is ovoid and of medium size,with average longitudinal diameter of 3.3 cm,average horizontal diameter of 4.0 cm,average single fruit mass of 37.2 g,carpopodium length of 1.5 cm,and carpopodium diameter of 0.1 cm.The top of the fruit is slightly concave.The peel is green to green-yellow in background color and medium in thickness,with obvious fruit dots and thick white fruit wax.The flesh is light yellow,compact,short in fiber length,juicy,crisp,tender,pure and sweet,with soluble solids content of 12%-15%,titratable acid content of 0.43%-0.72%and vitamin C content of 6.12-8.99 mg/100 g.The pit is small,separable,and oblate.The percentage of edible flesh is up to 94.80%-96.88%.There is no obvious pre-harvest cracking and intra-fruit pectin.The cultivar is mid-ripening and high in yield.In the firm ripe stage,the flesh is crunchy;and after entering the soft ripe stage,the flesh becomes powdery,and the hardness decreases.At room temperature,the fruit is not resistant to storage and transportation.Wushan crisp plum is tolerant to the climate with high temperature,high humidity and less sunshine,with good adaptability.It is suitable for promoting in the upper reaches of Yangtze River within 180-1000 m elevation.

Breeding Report of a New Red Pear Cultivar 'Xianghongli'

＇Xianghongli＇ is a mid-ripening pear with red appearance. The seeding was selected from seeds of Red D＇Anjou radiated by γ-Co^60. The cultivar is a tall tree, with a height of 3.31 m at 6 years old. The tree is vigorous with ramose crown and upright tree gesture. Leaves are elliptic, acuminate, with average 5.802 cm length and 3.389 cm width. Flowers are pale pink. The relative position of petals is overlap. The petal shape is oval with more pollen. The average single fruit weight is 216.0 g, with mainly wide-necked pear formed. The ground color of peel is yellow with 80% bright red of cover color. The flesh is white, melting, soft and juicy, sour-sweet, strongly fragrant, little stone cell and small core. The soluble solid content is 12.5%. The soluble sugar content is 10.78%. The titratable acid content is 0.097%. The fruit quality is excellent. The fruit development period is 125-130 d and the ripe stage is at the end of August in Changli area, Hebei province, It is easy to form flower on short branches, and possesses large number of flower buds. The properties of early-bearing and high yielding are better. It is resistant to fruit phellem, pear scab, cold, etc. The shelf life of fruit is over 20 d. The fruit can be stored for 5 months in refrigeration condition. Suitable cultivation area is Qinhuang- dao,Tangshan, Cangzhou in Hebei, Beijing, Taiyuan in Shanxi and similar area. Xi- anghongli has the high-yield potential and can be extended to the most area of Northern China.

Comparative Test for New Watermelon Cultivars

Comparative test was conducted on 11 （including the cultivar as control） new watermelon cultivars to identify the yielding ability, stability, adaptability, stress resistance and other important characteristics of the new watermelon oultivars, to thereby obtain new watermelon cultivars with good comprehensive characters suit- able for different regions and different cultivation manners. The results showed that Dali Qilin, Jingangerhao Hemeiren, Hongli Dahonghu, Hongli Baowang, Longjing Heibao and XJ-I had outstanding performance in yield, resistance and quality, and thus were worthy of further experiment demonstration and certification.

Breeding Report of a New Persimmon Cultivar ‘Heishi No. 1’

＇Heishi No.I＇ is an excellent early-maturing persimmon with black ap- pearance. The cultivar was selected from natural persimmon germplasm resources, and the variation maternal plant was discovered in Taihang Mountain. Fruit of ＇Heishi No.l＇ is mainly obround, and below the calyx is flesh seat indent. And the pericarp is smooth without any furrow in shinning deep black color, with white fruit powder on the surface. The pulp is exquisite with sweet flavor in orange-yellow col- or. The fruit is of middle size with the average fruit weight of 126.56 g, maximum fruit weight of 232.38 g, average soluble solid content of 22.43%, vitamin C content of 406 mg/kg, total sugar content of 19.46%, reducing sugar of 16.33%, total acid of 0.08% and tannic content of 0.56%. The fruit has small core, which becomes solid when ripe, and it has no seed. It has tolerance to storage and transportation, and easy to get deastringency, making it have excellent quality. This cuitivar is vig- orous with conicalness crown and semi-open tree gesture. Young branches are slightly curved in dull grey-green color. Leaves are deep green and lanceolate of 18.7 cm long, 10.1 cm wide, with 1.8 cm petioles. In Zhengzhou area, Henan province, ＇Heishi No.l＇ begins spouting at the end of March and flowering in early May, and the fruits gradually turns into black from yellow from mid-September. The fruit development period is about 130-140 d, and ripens at the end of September. The harvest time can be extended to late October. The cultivar is parthenocarpy, and bears food early with strong yielding ability. And it can flower and bear fruits in two years after planting, and reaches high yield of 48 720 kg/hm2 in the fifth year. There are few physiological fruit drops after fruit-setting and during the fruit expand- ing period, and the variation in different years is not significant. ＇Heishi No.l＇ has strong stress resistance and relatively few plant diseases and insect pests, and it has special resistance to anthracnose and angle of spot. Since the pericarp is thick with white fruit powder covered on the surface, the fruit has long storage-life and high tolerance to storage and transportation. After picking, ：the fruits can be stored for over 30 d in normal temperature, and the cold storage life could reach 3-4 months. The cultivar also has strong adaptability, resistance to cold and tolerance to poor soil conditions, and it is suitable to be planted in both plains and hilly areas in Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Anhui, Hubei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other areas of persimmon distribution.

Comparison of New Maize Cultivars at Different Altitudes

[Objective] This study aimed to meet the demand of farmers for highyielding, high-quality, wide-adaptability and multi-resistant new maize cultivars, and to make food production grow continuously. [Method] Comparative test of new maize cultivars was conducted at different altitudes in 2015, and the yield, main economic characters, agronomic traits, growth period and resistance of maize cultivars were analyzed. [Result] Ruidan 26 and Yongrui 16 can be cultivated in the areas below the altitude of 2 200 m; Huaxingdan 88 can be cultivated in the areas below the altitude of 1 750 m; the other new maize cultivars still need to be tested further. [Cenclusion] The research results can be applied in this area and other similar areas, which will effectively promote the upgrading of maize cultivars and improve the yield per unit area.

中熟杏新品种国锦的选育

国锦是以中国地方品种串枝红为母本、国外育成品种金太阳为父本人工杂交选育而成的中熟杏新品种。果实椭圆形,平均单果质量112.0 g,大果质量138.2 g;果顶平或微凹,梗洼浅而广,缝合线中深;果皮底色橙色,果实盖色红色;果肉橙色,硬溶质,风味浓郁、酸甜适中,品质上;可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)为13.6%,可溶性糖含量为9.4%,可滴定酸含量为1.3%,维生素C含量为6.4 mg·100 g^(-1),硬度为2.0 kg·cm^(-2),常温下可贮藏5~7 d。在辽宁省熊岳地区4月上旬开花,6月下旬果实成熟,果实发育期75 d左右。以短果枝结果为主,萌芽率55.7%,成枝力弱。中抗细菌性穿孔病和流胶病,抗寒性强。适宜在辽宁以南的全国杏产区栽培,早期丰产性好,4年生树进入盛果期,每666.7 m2产量可达2398kg,连续丰产能力强。

中晚熟蟠桃新品种中蟠104的选育

中蟠104是通过多代人工杂交聚合选育的中晚熟黄肉蟠桃新品种,其母本为晚熟黄肉桃优系‘06-3-137’,父本为早熟黄肉蟠桃优株‘07北5-60’。花为蔷薇型,粉红色花瓣,花瓣数5片,花粉多,自花结实,丰产稳产。在郑州地区果实8月上旬成熟,果实生育期137 d左右。单果质量241 g,果实扁平,果顶闭合性好;果皮茸毛短,底色黄色,果面全红;套袋后果面全黄;果肉黄色,硬溶质,黏核;肉质细腻,可溶性固形物含量(w)15.2%,风味甜香。

抗旱丰产春小麦新品种陇春43号选育报告

为甘肃省小麦生产提供抗旱、抗病、丰产、优质小麦新品种,以促进小麦更新换代,实现小麦稳产增产,以衡7728为母本、陇春27号为父本进行了有性杂交,通过异地生态选择、采用系谱法成功选育出了抗旱丰产春小麦新品种陇春43号。2018—2019年参加甘肃省旱地春小麦区域试验,平均折合产量3074.70 kg/hm^(2),较对照品种西旱2号增产10.02%。2020年参加甘肃省旱地春小麦生产试验,平均折合产量3582.61 kg/hm^(2),较对照品种西旱2号增产9.81%。该品种具有高产稳产,优质,株型紧凑,抗旱,抗倒伏,中抗条锈和白粉病等特点,适宜在甘肃省中部旱地春麦区以及类似生态地区种植。

两个香榧新品种美人指和早珍珠的选育

美人指和早珍珠是2023年从浙江省嵊州市实生榧树中选育出的两个新品种,采用穗条嫁接方式繁育子代。美人指种实质量10.77 g,呈卵球形,种形指数1.69,鲜出核率26.8%,种核质量2.89 g,核形指数2.74,种核细长、种壳较薄,干核出仁率72.54%,种仁含油率59.1%,蛋白质含量(w,后同)13.1%,可溶性糖含量2.94%。早珍珠种实质量7.98 g,呈圆球形,种形指数1.21,鲜出核率33.7%,种核质量2.69 g,核形指数1.75,呈近卵球形,种壳极薄,干核出仁率达78.68%,种仁含油率57.6%,蛋白质含量11.0%,可溶性糖含量4.17%。两个品种在炒制加工后,均表现出极易脱衣、质地松脆、后味香甜、综合口感佳的特点,推广应用前景广阔。美人指4月上旬开花,种实9月上旬成熟;早珍珠花期较早,于3月下旬开花,10月上旬种实成熟,成熟期较迟。子代测定结果表明,两个品种的种实性状、种仁风味与母株表现一致,且早实性、丰产性和稳产性良好,适宜在浙江省及相似环境地区栽培。

晚熟优质黄肉桃新品种美阳的选育

美阳是以中晚熟白肉桃优株99-1-44(丰白×金童5号)为亲本,通过自交育成的晚熟黄肉桃新品种,2020年通过河北省林木品种审定委员会审定。果实圆形,果顶凹,缝合线中,两半部对称,平均单果质量377 g,大果质量602 g。果皮底色黄,果面着红色,着色率20%~50%,茸毛少。果肉黄色,硬溶质,风味甜,可溶性固形物含量(w)13.3%~16.2%。离核,鲜食品质佳。去皮硬度为13.7 kg·cm-2,采收持续期10 d以上,室温下可贮藏10~15 d。树势强健,树姿半开张。叶片椭圆披针形;花蔷薇型,有花粉,自花结实率和自然坐果率高。石家庄地区3月下旬萌芽,4月上旬盛花,9月中下旬果实成熟,果实发育期173 d左右,11月上旬完全落叶。美阳桃适宜在河北省中南部及相似气候地区栽培。

优质大果中熟白肉枇杷新品种中白的选育

中白是从早钟6号×贵妃杂交群体中选育的优质大果中熟白肉枇杷新品种。该品种树势中庸偏强,树冠圆头形,中心干较明显,枝梢较强壮。平均单果质量60.1 g,大小整齐;果实倒卵圆形,果基钝圆少数尖峭,果顶钝圆微凹;果皮橙黄色,厚度中等偏薄,锈斑少,果点密度中等,果点中等大;萼片平展,萼孔闭合;果肉黄白色,平均厚度10.9 mm,肉质细嫩、化渣、汁多;平均可溶性固形物含量(w)13.4%,味鲜、风味浓郁,品质优;平均可食率71.2%,平均种子4.6粒·果^(-1);在福建福州地区,果实4月中下旬成熟。高接换种后第2年可少量开花,第3年枝梢抽穗率50%左右,第4年株产22.8 kg,折合666.7 m^(2)产709.7 kg,早结、丰产、稳产。中白是一个优质、大果、丰产稳产、抗性较强的中熟白肉枇杷新品种,适宜在福建、四川、重庆、云南等枇杷产区应用。

极早熟杏新品种国捷的选育

国捷杏是以金太阳为母本、骆驼黄为父本,通过人工杂交选育出的极早熟、浓香、硬肉杏新品种。果实卵圆形,平均单果质量53.5 g,大果可达75.3 g,整齐度好;果皮底色橙色,阳面带少量红色,果面有茸毛;果肉橙黄色,硬肉质且多汁,口感酸甜,品质优良;果顶平或微凹;可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)14.2%,可溶性糖含量8.2%,可滴定酸含量1.1%,维生素C含量6.2 mg·100 g^(-1),去皮硬度2.1 kg·cm^(-2);离核,苦仁;常温下可贮藏5~7 d。树姿半开张,树势中庸,4月上中旬在熊岳地区开花,6月上旬果实成熟,发育期55 d。具有较强的抗寒、细菌性穿孔病和流胶病能力。适宜在辽宁海城以南的全国杏树种植区栽培。

中晚熟甜樱桃新品种福阳的选育

福阳是由黑珍珠×(萨米脱+先锋)杂交选育出的中晚熟甜樱桃新品种。果实心脏形,果皮紫黑色、有光泽,果顶稍凹陷,果肉、果汁深红色;果肉脆硬,味甜。平均单果质量9.7 g,最大单果质量14.1 g;果柄中短,柄长3.45 cm;核小,果实可食率94.6%。果肉可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)18.7%,总糖含量11.62%,总酸含量0.61%;鲜食品质上。果实在鲜红至紫红色时,口感即好,挂果时间长。果实生育期55 d左右,烟台地区6月上中旬成熟;树势健壮,萌芽率高(98.2%),成枝力强,成花易。福阳耐贮运,早实、丰产、稳产,4年生树每666.7 m^(2)产量268 kg,综合性状优良。适宜在山东省甜樱桃适栽区推广种植。

远缘杂交仁用杏新品种京仁5号的选育

京仁5号通过仁用杏品种龙王帽与扁桃品种意大利2号远缘杂交育成。果实卵圆形,果顶圆凸,在北京地区7月中下旬成熟;成熟时果皮底色黄色,阳面着片状红色,平均单果质量30.5 g;果核卵圆形,壳面较平滑,平均单核质量2.54 g,纵横侧径分别为3.28 cm、2.12 cm、1.23 cm;核仁饱满,离核,甜仁,平均单仁鲜质量1.05 g、干质量0.90 g,出仁率37.02%;杏仁脂肪含量(w,后同)435.63 g·kg^(-1),蛋白质含量269.84 g·kg^(-1),钙含量1.26 g·kg^(-1),铁含量24.08 mg·kg^(-1)。丰产稳产,适应性强,综合性状优良。

早熟优质李新品种吉早丰的选育

吉早丰李是以吉红为母本、88-5-14为父本人工杂交育出的早熟李品种。果实椭圆形,离核,平均单果质量45g,果实较对称,底色黄绿色,部分着紫红色,果肉黄色,肉质松软,汁液含量多,味酸甜,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)平均为16.6%,可滴定酸含量为0.92%、可溶性糖含量为9.19%。公主岭地区4月下旬开花,7月下旬果实成熟,10月下旬落叶。树体生长势中等,树姿半开张,抗寒性强,可在吉林省无霜期≥130d、≥10℃有效积温2800℃以上的地区引种或试栽。

晚熟桃新品种嵩源一号的选育

嵩源一号是青州蜜桃自然实生品种。果实卵圆形,果顶微凸,平均单果质量138 g,最大单果质量264 g;果皮底色淡绿色,80%以上着深红色,茸毛密度中等;果肉淡绿色,近核处花青苷含量较高,硬溶质,风味脆甜,可溶性固形物含量(w)14.1%,果实去皮硬度8.5 kg·cm^(-2),离核,耐贮运,室温放置10 d、冷藏放置1个月风味基本不变。花蔷薇型,有花粉,自花结实率高,早期丰产性好。果实发育期130 d,在潍坊8月中下旬果实成熟,比青州蜜桃早1个月左右。抗寒性、抗旱性强,适宜在山东、河北等北方桃产区推广栽植。

甜香型毛花猕猴桃新品种赣绿1号的选育

赣绿1号系从野生毛花猕猴桃(Actinidia eriantha Benth.)自然变异群体中选育而成的新品种。果实长圆柱形至长卵圆形,果喙微钝凸,果面密被白色短茸毛。果实大小中等,均匀一致,平均单果质量为46.22 g,最大单果质量为73.50 g。果肉翠绿,肉质细嫩,风味香甜,果实可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)为18.4%~22.2%,可滴定酸含量为0.94%,可溶性糖含量为9.25%,干物质含量为21.74%,抗坏血酸含量为662.6 mg·100 g^(-1)。在江西省宜春市,盛花期为5月上旬,果实成熟期为10月底至11月上旬。植株树势较强,耐热抗旱,适应性强,果实均匀一致,富含抗坏血酸,易剥皮,鲜食品质佳,果实耐贮藏,常温下可贮藏30~50 d,综合性状优良。

葡萄无核晚熟新品种中葡萄18号的选育

中葡萄18号是以无核紫、玫瑰香杂交育种结合无核胚挽救技术选育出的无核晚熟新品种。该品种自然坐果平均单穗质量600 g,平均单粒质量7.3 g,果粒长椭圆形,紫色或紫红色,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)18.0%,总糖含量16.2%,总酸含量3.06 g·kg^(-1),糖酸比达到54∶1,单宁含量686 mg·kg^(-1),风味甜香,品质上等。在河南郑州露地栽培成熟期为9月初。该品种树势中庸,适宜避雨栽培。

西瓜新品种农科大15号的选育

农科大15号是以自交系M08为母本、自交系1207为父本选育而成的杂交1代西瓜新品种。该品种在陕西关中地区早春塑料大棚种植全生育期100 d,果实发育期36 d;易坐果,果实椭圆形,果形指数1.44;果皮浅绿色上覆深绿色中细齿条,果皮厚度1.2 cm,果皮硬韧、耐贮运;瓜瓤红色,瓤质脆,口感佳,中心可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)11.7%;抗病、抗逆性强;单瓜质量8.7 kg,平均667 m^(2)产量4584.7 kg。适宜在西北生态区陕西省关中和陕北地区春季保护地和露地种植。2021年通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。

设施栽培番茄新品种闽农科1号的选育

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