Breeding bird abundance, species richness, evenness, diversity, composition, productivity, and survivorship were determined near a high-explosive detonation site at Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, USA, dur...Breeding bird abundance, species richness, evenness, diversity, composition, productivity, and survivorship were determined near a high-explosive detonation site at Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, USA, during pre-operation (1997-1999) and operation (2000-2014) periods. The operation periods consisted of detonations ( 0.05) in mean avian abundance and species evenness in any of the operation periods as compared with the pre-operation period. Species richness and diversity were significantly higher (p < 0.05) during the vessel containment period (2007-2014) than the pre-operation period. The time period of this study coincided with a wildfire (2000), a bark beetle infestation (2002), and two periods of drought (Nov 1999-Mar 2004 and Dec 2005-Dec 2014) that affected the study area. Analysis of aerial photos determined that the average percent canopy cover of mature ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa) within 100 feet of mist net sites declined from 12% to 3% between 1991 and 2014 and the percent cover of shrubs slightly increased. The percent similarity in presence/abundance between the pre-operation avian community and avian community during the open air, foam containment, and vessel containment periods were 59%, 63% and 68% respectively. Two bird species associated with large trees became less common over the study period (capture rate dropped below 2.0 adults per 600 net-hours relative to the pre-operations period), and four bird species associated with edge and scrub habitats became more common over the study period (capture rate increased to more than 2.0 adults per 600 net-hours relative to the pre-operations period). Bird demographics (productivity and survival) were not negatively affected by the initiation of firing site operations. The increase in diversity and the change in bird species composition over time were probably related to the change in vegetation from a woodland to a more open woodland/shrub environment.展开更多
石林盲高原鳅Triplophysa shilinensis Chen et Yang,sp.nov.是在我国发现的第四种洞穴条鳅鱼类。其鉴别特征为:眼睛完全退化;体半透明;须发达,鼻瓣延长成须状;体裸露无鳞;背鳍、尾鳍分枝鳍条分别为7和14根;体和尾柄较细长。在摒弃趋同...石林盲高原鳅Triplophysa shilinensis Chen et Yang,sp.nov.是在我国发现的第四种洞穴条鳅鱼类。其鉴别特征为:眼睛完全退化;体半透明;须发达,鼻瓣延长成须状;体裸露无鳞;背鳍、尾鳍分枝鳍条分别为7和14根;体和尾柄较细长。在摒弃趋同演化特征后,综合形态性状并结合地理分布资料分析的结果表明,类似于南盘江高原鳅的祖先曾广泛分布于滇东南一带,后来随着地下河的发育分别进入个旧卡房笆蕉箐溶洞和石林尾博邑溶洞。在溶洞间的地理隔离作用下,形成了与环境相适应的各自形态特点,最终分别演化成为目前的石林盲高原鳅和个旧盲高原鳅。本文还依据朱松泉的条鳅分类系统,订正了如下2个种:个旧盲高原鳅Triplophysa gejiuensis (Chu et Chen)、湘西盲高原鳅Triplophysa xiangxiensis (Yang et al.)。展开更多
New distribution areas of the Sichuan wood owl (Strix davidi) were recorded at Lianhuashan Natural Reserve (Kangle county),Zecha (Luqu county) and Kache (Zhuoni county) in Gansu,China.Now its distribution includes wes...New distribution areas of the Sichuan wood owl (Strix davidi) were recorded at Lianhuashan Natural Reserve (Kangle county),Zecha (Luqu county) and Kache (Zhuoni county) in Gansu,China.Now its distribution includes west Sichuan,southeastern Qinghai and southern Gansu.Combined with the Ural Owl (Strix uralensis),this distribution range corresponds to the distribution of the genera Bonasa (B.sewerzowi and B.bonasia) and Perisoreus (P.internigrans and P.infaustus).All are related to the endemic birds in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Based on our work during 1995～1999,we reported our field observations and preliminary habitat characters of the bird.The main habitat of Sichuan wood owl in Gansu was found in the conifer and conifer-deciduous mixing forest from 2 900 m to 3 300 m.At the Lianhuashan Natural Reserve,the birds were observed many times,with some breeding activities.The population of Sichuan wood owl at Lianhuashan Mountains was an isolated one,and the reserve only protected about 3 360 hm\+2.of its habitat.展开更多
文摘Breeding bird abundance, species richness, evenness, diversity, composition, productivity, and survivorship were determined near a high-explosive detonation site at Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, USA, during pre-operation (1997-1999) and operation (2000-2014) periods. The operation periods consisted of detonations ( 0.05) in mean avian abundance and species evenness in any of the operation periods as compared with the pre-operation period. Species richness and diversity were significantly higher (p < 0.05) during the vessel containment period (2007-2014) than the pre-operation period. The time period of this study coincided with a wildfire (2000), a bark beetle infestation (2002), and two periods of drought (Nov 1999-Mar 2004 and Dec 2005-Dec 2014) that affected the study area. Analysis of aerial photos determined that the average percent canopy cover of mature ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa) within 100 feet of mist net sites declined from 12% to 3% between 1991 and 2014 and the percent cover of shrubs slightly increased. The percent similarity in presence/abundance between the pre-operation avian community and avian community during the open air, foam containment, and vessel containment periods were 59%, 63% and 68% respectively. Two bird species associated with large trees became less common over the study period (capture rate dropped below 2.0 adults per 600 net-hours relative to the pre-operations period), and four bird species associated with edge and scrub habitats became more common over the study period (capture rate increased to more than 2.0 adults per 600 net-hours relative to the pre-operations period). Bird demographics (productivity and survival) were not negatively affected by the initiation of firing site operations. The increase in diversity and the change in bird species composition over time were probably related to the change in vegetation from a woodland to a more open woodland/shrub environment.
文摘石林盲高原鳅Triplophysa shilinensis Chen et Yang,sp.nov.是在我国发现的第四种洞穴条鳅鱼类。其鉴别特征为:眼睛完全退化;体半透明;须发达,鼻瓣延长成须状;体裸露无鳞;背鳍、尾鳍分枝鳍条分别为7和14根;体和尾柄较细长。在摒弃趋同演化特征后,综合形态性状并结合地理分布资料分析的结果表明,类似于南盘江高原鳅的祖先曾广泛分布于滇东南一带,后来随着地下河的发育分别进入个旧卡房笆蕉箐溶洞和石林尾博邑溶洞。在溶洞间的地理隔离作用下,形成了与环境相适应的各自形态特点,最终分别演化成为目前的石林盲高原鳅和个旧盲高原鳅。本文还依据朱松泉的条鳅分类系统,订正了如下2个种:个旧盲高原鳅Triplophysa gejiuensis (Chu et Chen)、湘西盲高原鳅Triplophysa xiangxiensis (Yang et al.)。
基金国家自然科学基金项目 (No .39870 135 )德国自然科学基金会+1 种基金中国科学院 (No .KZ95 1 A1 10 5 No .KZCX1 10 0 6 )资助&&
文摘New distribution areas of the Sichuan wood owl (Strix davidi) were recorded at Lianhuashan Natural Reserve (Kangle county),Zecha (Luqu county) and Kache (Zhuoni county) in Gansu,China.Now its distribution includes west Sichuan,southeastern Qinghai and southern Gansu.Combined with the Ural Owl (Strix uralensis),this distribution range corresponds to the distribution of the genera Bonasa (B.sewerzowi and B.bonasia) and Perisoreus (P.internigrans and P.infaustus).All are related to the endemic birds in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Based on our work during 1995～1999,we reported our field observations and preliminary habitat characters of the bird.The main habitat of Sichuan wood owl in Gansu was found in the conifer and conifer-deciduous mixing forest from 2 900 m to 3 300 m.At the Lianhuashan Natural Reserve,the birds were observed many times,with some breeding activities.The population of Sichuan wood owl at Lianhuashan Mountains was an isolated one,and the reserve only protected about 3 360 hm\+2.of its habitat.
