An Empirical Study of the Socratic Method in Nongraded English Teaching in Senior High School Under the Background of the New National College Entrance Examination

With the reform of the New National College Entrance Examination(Gaokao),the nongraded education will become an inevitable trend.In senior high school,the traditional test-oriented education is popular.The knowledge is mainly taught by the teachers,and the students passively absorb it.This study examines a problem-oriented Socratic experiment in nongraded English teaching in senior high school.The teachers seek output from students,who respond by interpreting questions,fostering critical thinking,and enhancing problem-solving skills.This teaching experiment indicates that the Socratic method has a significant positive effect on cultivating nongraded senior high English students’critical thinking under the New National College Entrance Examination.

The School Reform Under the Background of the New National College Entrance Examination Reform

Since the promulgation of the new plan for the national college entrance examination reform in 2014,all provinces have been gradually promoting the new college entrance examination reform.In this context,schools are actively carrying out various reforms to improve the quality of education and teaching.However,can school reform only aim at the national college entrance examination?Facing the new national college entrance examination reform,what can schools do?

Research on the Reform of College Entrance Examination Content under the Background of New College Entrance

Since the reform of the new college entrance examination,the reform of the college entrance examination content has achieved certain results,but there are still problems in the connection of basic education and higher education,the relationship between school teaching and the college entrance examination,knowledge selection and ability examination.The reform of the content of the college entrance examination can solve the problems in the reform by clarifying the educating nature of the content of the college entrance examination,improving the guidance of the content of the college entrance examination,and enhancing the scientificity of the content of the college entrance examination.

China National College Entrance Examination brings New Changes to High Schools

China National College Entrance Examination(NCEE)reform originates from the thirst for innovative talents in China's economic development.In the past,the NCEE only focused on the level of students'admission to the school without paying attention to students'personal preferences,which led to many people not interested in their major and caused a waste of human resources.The new NCEE gives students an early start in thinking about their college majors and future careers.The new NCEE directly bring about a series of new changes in high schools.

Orientation and Function of Examination Evaluation in the Reform of College Entrance Examination

With the aim of deepening the college entrance examination reform,this paper analyzes the orientation and role of examination evaluation in the reform of college entrance examination.Firstly,the paper expounds the implementation of the college entrance examination reform and affirms the necessity of several related educational reforms.Secondly,it expoxmds the orientation of examination evaluation.Finally,it summarizes the function of examination evaluation from four aspects:guiding the development of students*comprehensive quality,supervising teaching work,promoting the progress of teaching work,and guiding examination propositions.The advantages of examination evaluation are emphasized to promote the reform of college entrance examination and further drive the progress of the education reform in China.

Two-phase tabu search algorithm for solving Chinese high school timetabling problems under the new college entrance examination reform

Upon the latest reform to the college entrance examination in China(i.e.,Gaokao),high schools began implementing an optional class system.Under this scheme,students’time slots become complex,thereby increasing the difficulty in formulating a suitable timetable from the available ones.To address this problem,the coursescheduling model was improved.On the basis of the original hard constraints,the“concurrent group”was considered,and the softer constraints were regarded as optimization goals,such as“teaching plans synchronously”,“no idle periods in the timetables of teachers”,and“evenly distributed lessons”.Given these soft constraints,the model becomes more practical.In this study,a two-phase tabu search algorithm was proposed to solve the problem.The proposed algorithm uses the characteristics of the graph coloring model to eliminate redundant calculations in the neighborhood search process,thereby effectively improving computational efficiency.Fifteen practical instances of different scales were selected for testing to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.The proposed algorithm can formulate high-quality available timetables(The average satisfaction rate of soft constraints is more than 71%)in a short period.

Research on the Influencing Factors and Countermeasures of Independent College Enrollment in the New Era

With the deepening of the reform process of the new college entrance examination,the enrollment of Independent Colleges in the new period is facing greater difficulties and challenges.Meanwhile,with the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic spreading in 2020 and the urgent demand of Independent Colleges'transformation work,enrollment is full of uncertainty.Based on this,the purpose of this study is to deeply analyze the plight,current situation and related research deficiencies of independent college enrollment work in the new period,and put forward the ways and direction of improvement,hoping to provide some reference for the enrollment work in the transition of independent college.

Chinese college entrance examination:Review of discussions and the value orientation of reforms

The retention or abolition of national college entrance examination(CEE)has triggered a fierce controversy in academe.Although controversial causes and focus vary from time to time,the result remains the same—adopting uniform national examinations and making it innovative all the time.Since CEE has political,social and educational functions,it is necessary not only to make CEE keep up with the times and actively reform,but also to uphold the principle of attaining the balance between change and steady,which is the only approach to maintaining CEE.

新高考综合评价招生实践探索:成效、挑战及展望

新高考综合评价招生根植于扩大高校招生自主权与实行素质教育的时代土壤,贯穿于高考综合改革的始终,是破解“唯分数”“一考定终身”等弊端的重要探索。本研究综合案例分析、问卷调查、质性访谈等数据分析发现,综合评价招生在制度建设与促进学生全面发展方面成效明显,相关群体对综合评价招生政策的认可度较高,录取学生的学业表现、综合素质、专业认同等均优于统一高考录取的学生。目前,综合评价招生面临公平性、科学性质疑及相关配套政策不到位的挑战,未来应在确保公平的基础上稳步扩大招生规模,提升评价标准与方法的专业性,加强政策宣传与资源保障。

基于综合难度模型的新高考数学试题评析——以2021—2024年新高考Ⅰ卷、Ⅱ卷为例

根据高考数学试题的命题立意,对现有数学高考试题综合难度模型进行调整,从背景因素、是否含参、运算水平、推理能力、知识含量、思维方向、认知水平、新颖水平等8个因素,对2021—2024年新高考Ⅰ卷、Ⅱ卷数学试题的整体难度、知识主题难度、数学题型难度展开分析。结果表明:近4年新高考数学试题综合难度基本稳定,新高考Ⅰ卷难度略高于Ⅱ卷;在知识主题上,函数难度略高于几何与代数,大幅高于概率与统计,预备知识难度最低;解答题难于多选题,填空题次之,单选题最易。基于此,建议进一步强化试题情境创设,更好地贯彻落实基于情境活动的命题要求;聚焦新颖试题形式,着力发展学生的创新意识与综合素质;重视知识融合考查,整合学科知识主题,实现知识模块的交汇关联。

新高考与研究生招生考试改革的互动效应

普通高校招生考试和研究生招生考试是我国高等教育两项重要的招生选拔制度。2014年迄今,我国已在29个省份实施了新高考方案,新高考与研究生招生考试在招生对象、考试内容及评价标准上虽然存在差异,但两者具有相同的考试性质、功能和招考体制,在改革进程中产生了重要的互动效应。新高考的整体改革,不仅促进了基础教育的教学与评价制度改革,也对高等教育培养模式及研究生招生考试制度变革产生了多层面的影响。研究生招生考试改革推动了研究生教育规模的拓展,对新高考具有导向作用与外溢影响。从人才选拔的整体性、连续性的视角,全面认识新时代教育评价制度变革的政策导向,综合考量新高考与研究生招生考试改革的教育影响,需要相互借鉴改革经验,统筹兼顾,不断完善新高考、研究生招生改革举措,以促进我国教育、科技、人才“三位一体”的协同发展。

艺术类高考改革背景下美术类统考的实践探索:以天津为例

2021年以来,国家针对艺术类专业考试出台了一系列改革政策,旨在回归艺术类教育本质,强化公正选拔机制,构建全面素养的评价体系。天津市认真落实教育部部署,通过对标省级统考标准、提升文化课要求、稳固和强化省级统考地位等一系列措施,对美术与设计类考试进行改革,强调基础技能与创新能力并举。速写(综合能力)科目改革尤为突出,注重考查学生的美术史素养、鉴赏能力、形象组织能力、画面构成能力、生活观察能力和艺术想象能力。阅卷环节采用电子化评卷模式,通过多评、抽查等措施确保评分公正性。

模型构建思想在原电池教学中的应用实践和反思

新课程和新高考要求学生具有模型构建思想,在高中化学教学中,原电池部分对于学生来说难以掌握,尤其在高考考查时,原电池试题的呈现背景新颖,学生得分率较低。解决这个问题就要求教师在教学中摒弃填鸭式的教学方式,注重培养学生逐步建立起科学合理的模型构建思想,提升学生归纳、总结、提炼信息的能力。从而渐进地构建原电池组成和工作原理的模型,抓住原电池模型的本质,并形成灵活应用模型解决原电池问题的能力。

高校大规模招生应用综合素质评价的困境与对策

综合素质评价纳入高校招生是新高考改革的重要内容,然而除了部分试点高校对综合评价招生进行积极探索以外,在高校大规模招生中尚未有效应用,影响到新高考改革的整体成效。从高校主体视角看,综合素质评价在高校大规模招生中的应用困境主要表现为“不能用”“不愿用”“不会用”“不敢用”的“四大困境”。实现高校在大规模招生中对综合素质评价“能用”“愿用”“会用”“敢用”,需要提升综合素质评价质量,扩大综合素质评价使用空间;树立正确的招生理念,控制招生录取工作成本;加强相关研究与探索,提升高校招生能力;加快构建社会诚信体系,提供包容的改革环境。

职教高考制度的发展历程、瓶颈问题及破解路径——以湖北省为例

职教高考制度是优化人才层次结构、拓宽成长成才通道、完善现代职业教育体系的重要举措。作为推进职教高考改革的先行实践,湖北省积极探索职教高考制度区域模式创新的新路,逐渐从萌芽起步期迈向深化提质期,呈现出鲜明特征:在制度理念上,从“消化模仿”向“改革创新”转变;在制度主体上,从“一元主体”向“多元主体”转变;在制度内容上,从“单一松散”向“系统规范”转变。然而,湖北省职教高考在发展过程中存在一系列需要破解的难题,如晋升渠道之困境、技能评价之难题、文化素质之困囿、组织实施之窘境。因此,系统总结湖北省“技能高考”制度的发展历程,准确把握“技能高考”的目标定位,完善“技能高考”招录机制、建立健全职业技能评价体系、全面优化“文化素质+职业技能”考试方式、深化考试方式分层分类等,能有效彰显职业教育类型特色,进而建立高质量现代职业教育体系。

新高考改革的历史成就、现实审思与发展愿景

高考招生制度不仅是我国一项基本的教育制度,而且也是选拔人才和保障教育公平的重要举措。当前,新一轮高考改革已推行多年,成效显著,逐步从局部试点走向全国布局,选拔标准也从分数优先转向倚重学生综合素质评价,逐渐突破传统分层分批录取的束缚,进一步保证学生的录取机会,改变学校教育的培育模式,从传统的文理分科转向了选科自由的新样态。同时,审视新高考改革的进程,发现政策鼓励与执行过程的偏差、科学选才与考试负担的冲突、个性发展与职业选择的博弈以及普通教育与生涯教育的对冲在一定程度上阻碍了新高考改革的推进。纵然如此,对新高考这种具有全局性的系统改革,必须坚持系统性的思维模式,稳步推进,在目标层面、主体层面、技术层面与治理层面都将找准关键点,阐明关键目标与价值主体,把握教育综合性改革的未来方向与技术路线。未来,新高考改革展现新的发展愿景:锚定发展目标,保障选拔体系的公平性;观照学生的主体需求,尊重学生选择的自主性;实现数字赋能,凸显高考改革的科技性;实现科学治理,增强“教、考、招”的联结性。

新高考改革促进了大学新生适应吗?——新高考政策认同对大学新生专业适应性的影响机制

始于2014年的新一轮高考改革把构建衔接各级各类教育“立交桥”作为改革总体目标之一,致力于通过改革促进教育衔接。大学新生的适应是学生从高中到大学转换衔接的重要表征。为此,基于社会认知生涯理论构建新高考政策认同与专业适应性间的中介关系模型,探究新高考政策认同对专业适应性的影响机制,从大学新生适应的视角,来考察新高考政策对高中教育与大学教育衔接的作用,进而评估新一轮高考改革的实施成效。研究发现:在新高考政策下,经历新高考的大学新生的专业适应性情况良好;总体而言,新高考政策认同对大学新生专业适应性具有显著的正向影响,体现出政策影响的持续性,但专业优先政策认知的直接影响并不显著;专业决策自我效能、专业选择结果预期在政策认同影响专业适应性中起到中介作用,但所呈现的中介效应有所不同。由此可认为,新高考改革能促进大学新生适应,改革取得了积极成效;建议从“学生中心”理念出发,进一步培养学生自主能力,强化政策宣传,优化政策方案。

新高考综合改革十周年回望:自由选科与理工类人才培养困境及其破解

2024年是新高考综合改革十周年,这场改革对高中教育和高等教育均产生了深刻影响。其中,自由选科的模式给高校理工类人才培养带来了困境:高考未选考物理、化学造成“教与学的双边痛楚”,进而导致挂科率升高与毕业率降低,以及转专业需求增多与名额限制之间的矛盾。究其缘由在于,逃避物理、化学的功利性选科行为造成学生理化基础薄弱。破解理工类人才培养困境,是一个迂回曲折、不断探索完善的过程。目前来说,高校采取的治标之策包括:开设补习课程;降低专业课程难度,加大学生学习强度;实施分层分类培养及朋辈帮扶等。基于此,回归传统高考文理分科模式的呼声再次响起,同时,通过科学设置高校招生专业选考科目指引,引导报考理工类专业考生同时选考物理、化学也是一种途径。

新高考改革十年的三重逻辑

2014年启动的新高考改革是一场全国范围的立体式、系统性重大教育改革,对于基础教育和高等教育均产生了广泛而深刻的影响。在新高考改革十周年之际,系统把握其历史逻辑、理论逻辑和实践逻辑,对于新高考的后续发展与完善及深刻认识中国高考现代化命题具有重要意义。本轮新高考改革是此前系列高考改革探索的迭代升级与高中新课改的逻辑推进。高中学考科目被纳入高校招生评价,具有与高考科目类似的选拔属性,本质上等同于高考科目。十年新高考改革实践再度表明,高中毕业考试与高校招生选拔考试必须分开举行;不宜过度批判考试科目的统一性、过度强调考试科目的选择性。想要将综合素质纳入统一高考招生评价,需以赋予高校一定招生自主权为基本前提。

新高考背景下学生科目选择动机对专业满意度影响机制研究

新高考改革强调“选择性”教育理念,其直接体现就是取消文理分科、实行科目选考制。将学生科目选择动机分为兴趣型、策略型两种,尝试构建科目选择动机与学生进入大学后的专业承诺、专业满意度之间的关系模型,考察两种动机对专业满意度的直接影响以及专业承诺在动机与满意度之间的中介作用。通过对浙江省高考生源的1273份调查样本进行实证分析发现:学生选科的兴趣型动机要高于策略型动机,兴趣型动机在性别、父亲学历上存在显著差异;两种动机均会对专业满意度产生显著正向影响,且兴趣型动机影响更强;专业承诺在兴趣型动机影响专业满意度时具有部分中介作用,在策略型动机影响专业满意度时则具有完全中介作用,且在两种动机各自影响路径中,情感承诺的中介作用比经济承诺更大。研究表明,学生按兴趣选科更有利于大学的专业学习,因而在新高考改革之下更需引导学生从兴趣因素选择考试科目。