New Progress on All Solid State Laser Technology in China

1 Significance of All Solid State Laser (DPL) Technology in Field of LaserBecause of the advantages of high conversion efficiency, good beam quality, small size and light weight, DPL becomes the hotspot and priority of development of laser technology. It may be the main body of laser in the future and replace gas laser and liquid laser. It is a great revolution of laser technology.The developed countries vie in developing DPL. China has achieved great success in this field, but there is a wide gap between the developed countries and us. We should attach great importance to it.

Some applications of a new coherent-entangled state in two-mode Fock space

Using the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators, we find a new kind of coherent-entangled state （CES）, which exhibits both coherent and entangled state properties. The set of CESs makes up a complete and partly nonorthogonal representation. Using a beam splitter, we propose a simple experimental scheme to produce the CES. Finally~ we present some applications of CESs in quantum optics.

Adapt to New Normal State of Environmental Protection,Fight a Tough Fight,and Make Full Efforts to Build a Beautiful Xi'an

In China, economic growing speed converts from high speed to moderate and high speed; economic structure enters from moderate and low end to moderate and high end; development power converts from investment drive to innovation drive, and investment of resource and environ- ment factors presents declining trend. Spatial pattern of economy development is changing greatly, which needs eco-civilization construction and en- vironmental protection field continuously adjusting focus, environmental rules and laws correspondingly regulating, eco-civilization construction and environmental protection field also entering into new normal state. It requires scientifically understanding, actively adapting to and responding to new normal state of eco-civilization construction and environmental protection,and fighting a tough fight. Firstly, we should handle with the relationship between environment and economy, and strive to explore the way of environmental protection. Secondly, we should insist protection priority and prevention oriented,and promote transformation of environmental management strategy. Finally, we should accelerate to promote eco-civilization system reform and environmental protection management system reform, and further promote environmental protection work in Xi＇an on new level from eight aspects.

A new bipartite entangled state describing the parametric down-conversion process and its applications in quantum optics

We construct a new bipartite entangled state（NBES）,which describes both the squeezing and the entanglement involved in the parametric down-conversion process and can be produced using a symmetric beam splitter.Constructing asymmetric ket-bra integrations based on the NBES leads to some new squeezing operators,which clearly exhibit the relationships between squeezing and entangled state transformations.Moreover,an entangled Wigner operator with a definite physical meaning is also presented.

A NEW APPROACH TO THE EQUATIONS FOR THE STEADY STATE CURRENTS AT MICROELECTRODES:EC'PROCESSES(SECOND ORDER REACTION)

With a new approach,the general current expressions of two typical second order catalytic reactions at microelectrodes are obtained.This allows the study of fast chemical reactions and systems where the reactants are present in similar concentrations.

A new finite-dimensional thermal coherent state and its Wigner distribution function

This paper constructs a new type of finite-dimensional thermal coherent states （FDTCS）, which differs from the proceeding thermal coherent state in construction, as realisations of SU（2） Lie algebra. Using the technique of integration within an ordered product of operator, it investigates the orthonormality and completeness relation of the FDTCS. Based on the thermal Wigner operator in the thermal entangled state representation, the Wigner function of the FDTCS is obtained. The nonclassical properties of the FDTCS are discussed in terms of the negativity of its Wigner function.

Orthogonal Collision of Particles Produces New Physical State

Collider is a machine or device that usually causes two beams of high-speed particles moving to collide in a straight line. The fundamental purpose of a collision is to obtain an abnormal mass-energy density and attempt to discover new physics and new substances namely new physical states. However, linear collisions are not easy to achieve the above purpose. Through the comparable experiment of rear-end collision, head-on collision and orthogonal collision of two low-velocity particles, this paper theoretically proposes a new idea that the orthogonal collision between two-beam high-velocity particles can really produce an abnormal mass-energy density. This machine based on the new idea of orthogonal collision can not only greatly reduce the construction cost of colliders, but also is the most effective way to achieve the purpose of collision.

A NEW SCHLIEREN TEXTURE IN NEMATIC STATE OF A THERMOTRORIC AROMATIC COPOLYRSTER

A schlieren texture with six dark brushes emanating from a point and a closed inversion wall have been observed under polarizing optical microscope in nematic state of a thermotropic aromatic copolyester, which have not been reported so far in the field of liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs).

A New Method for Determining the Equation of State of Aluminized Explosive

The time-dependent Jones Wilkins-Lee equation products for aluminized explosives. To obtain the of state （JWL-EOS） is applied to describe detonation state time-dependent JWL-EOS parameters, cylinder tests and underwater explosion experiments are performed. According to the result of the wall radial velocity in cylinder tests and the shock wave pressures in underwater explosion experiments, the time-dependent JWL-EOS parameters are determined by iterating these variables in AUTODYN hydroeode simulations until the experimental values are reproduced. In addition, to verify the reliability of the derived JWL-EOS parameters, the aluminized explosive experiment is conducted in concrete. The shock wave pressures in the affected concrete bodies are measured by using manganin pressure sensors, and the rod velocity is obtained by using a high-speed camera. Simultaneously, the shock wave pressure and the rod velocity are calculated by using the derived time-dependent JWL equation of state. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data.

Human Rights Protection under the New Normal State of Economy

The new normal state of economy is not only the overall trend of China's current economic development stage, but also the strategic choice of China for the future economic development, the anticipation for the economic development and its outcome under the new strategy. It is of great strategic significance for the long-term development of China's human rights as a whole, yet it makes a short-term challenge to the realization of the rights of vulnerable groups. Under the new normal state of economy, it should be targeted to strengthen the protection of the rights of vulnerable groups, which is very important not only for the overall development of China's human rights causes, but also for China to cross over 'the middle-income trap' and to achieve sustainable development of economy.

Gap States of ZnO Thin Films by New Methods:Optical Spectroscopy,Optical Conductivity and Optical Dispersion Energy

The optical reflectance and transmittance spectra in the wavelength range of 300-2500 nm are used to compute the absorption coefficient of zinc oxide films annealed at different post-annealing temperatures 400, 500 and 600°C.The values of the cross point between the curves of the real and imaginary parts of the optical conductivity ɑ_1 and ɑ_1 with energy axis of films exhibit values that correspond to optical gaps and are about 3.25-3.3 eV. The maxima of peaks in plots dR/dλ and dT/dλ versus wavelength of films exhibit optical gaps at about 3.12-3.25 eV.The values of the fundamental indirect band gap obtained from the Tauc model are at about 3.14-3.2 eV. It can be seen that films annealed at 600°C have the minimum indirect optical band gap at about 3.15 eV. The films annealed at 600°C have Urbach＇s energy minimum of 1.38 eV and hence have minimum disorder. The dispersion energy d of films annealed at 500°C has the minimum value of 43 eV.

Teaching Model Integrating Online and Offline in Real Time ——An Exploration of New Teaching Mode for Regular Epidemic Prevention and Control

During epidemic,students in medium-risk or high-risk areas are unable to return to school on time.In response to this new challenge,there is an urgent need to create a new teaching mode to offer on-line courses to those absent from the offline classes,and we propose a model integrating online and offline teaching.It is based on“dual-camera”method,which allows off-campus students to virtually build up a physical classroom scenario on campus through computers and mobile phones.Using this model,students can participate in class remotely.In order to enhance the engagement of off-campus online students,emphasis is placed on interactive teaching.Teachers are required to design their teaching in advance and to work in collaboration with multiple departments,then using information technology and suitable teaching methods to enable students to participate in physical classroom teaching.This model has been tested in practice and has been successful in meeting the challenges.Finally,4 areas for improvement and refinement are identified.

国有资本进入对民营企业数字化创新的影响——兼论新型举国体制的作用机制

新型举国体制作为中国实现高水平科技自立自强的制度基础,通过在市场失灵时发挥有为政府的作用,助力企业适应数字化创新对传统技术创新范式及行动逻辑的变革。基于2012-2022年沪深A股民营上市公司样本数据,探讨新型举国体制下国有资本参股对民营企业数字化创新的影响及作用机制。研究发现,国有资本参股形成的数字化创新共同体是新型举国体制下推动民营企业数字化创新的有效治理安排,国有资本主要通过发挥示范引领、资源效应和治理效应促进民营企业数字化创新,且在战略性国有资本参股、行业竞争程度较高以及数字基础设施建设较差的地区,这一促进作用更为明显。因此,应充分利用新型举国体制下有为政府和有效市场有机结合的制度优势,发挥政府在科技创新中的统筹协调、资源赋能与组织动员能力,构建各创新主体相互协同的数字化创新模式,以实现民营企业的高质量发展。

迈向高维度共生:美国国家有组织科研的实践与启示——以未来产业研究所为例

实施国家有组织科研(State-organized Research),是增强我国国家战略科技力量、赢得全球科技竞争的重要抓手。选择美国未来产业研究所作为研究对象,为我国探索国家有组织科研的实践范式提供了高质量借鉴。(1)归纳出美国有组织科研所面临的人才稀缺化、单元孤岛化、转化脱嵌化、环境对立化等共生困境;(2)基于共生理论分析该项目的科学赋能逻辑:以人才共生构建科研的运转基座;以单元共生调节科研的协同路径;以界面共生激励科研的高效转化;以环境共生优化科研的评价体系;(3)从科研聚焦领域、跨组织团队建设、组织自治权力三个层面提炼其对我国的镜鉴启示。

Solution of the Nucleon Structure Problem from a Field Theory of Fermions and Bosons and the Origin of the Proton Stability

A bound state formalism derived from a fermion-boson symmetric Lagrangian has been used to calculate the nucleon masses, the charge neutrality of the neutron, the magnetic moments and the electromagnetic form factor ratios μpGEp/GMpand μnGEn/GMn. A quantitative description is obtained, assuming a mixing of a scalar bound state of 3(f f¯)fstructure with its corresponding vector (f f¯)fstate (f indicating massless elementary fermions). Only a few parameters are needed, mainly fixed by energy and momentum conservation. The nucleon stability is explained by an extra binding in the confinement potential, negative for electric and positive for magnetic binding of the proton, and opposite for the neutron. The stronger electric extra binding of the proton allows a decay of the neutron to proton and electron.

从感知-预测-优化综述图神经网络在电力系统中的应用

随着新型电力系统发电侧、输电侧和用电侧不确定性的日益增加,电力系统拓扑结构关系逐渐复杂、规模程度不断升级。常规欧式空间数据解析方法在表征多源异构和非规则的拓扑结构关系时,往往呈现性能较差、准确度不高的问题。图神经网络(graph neural networks,GNNs)能够捕捉到不同节点和边之间的复杂依赖关系,并有效挖掘非欧式空间数据结构中的时空特征,适用于复杂电力系统拓扑结构关系的感知与建模。针对于此,基于前人的研究进展,介绍了GNNs的定义和特点,并分析了GNNs不同变体的特点及其优势。然后,归纳和总结了GNNs在电力系统状态感知、预测、图潮流计算等方面的应用现状,从感知-预测-优化角度探讨了GNNs与新型电力系统的适配关系。最后,针对GNNs潜在的问题难点和未来可行的发展方向进行了总结和展望。

Strongly correlated new state Fermi systems as a of matter

The aim of this review paper is to expose a new state of matter exhibited by strongly correlated Fermi systems represented by various heavy-fermion （HF） metals, two-dimensional liquids like 3He, compounds with quantum spin liquids, quasicrystals, and systems with one-dimensional quantum spin liquid. We name these various systems HF compounds, since they exhibit the behavior typical of HF metals. In HF compounds at zero temperature the unique phase transition, dubbed throughout as the fermion condensation quantum phase transition （FCQPT） can occur; this FCQPT creates flat bands which in turn lead to the specific state, known as the fermion condensate. Unlimited increase of the effective mass of quasiparticles signifies FCQPT; these quasiparticles determine the thermodynamic, transport and relaxation properties of HF compounds. Our discussion of numerous salient experimen- tal data within the framework of FCQPT resolves the mystery of the new state of matter. Thus, FCQPT and the fermion condensation can be considered as the universal reason for the non-Fermi liquid behavior observed in various HF compounds. We show analytically and using arguments based completely on the experimental grounds that these systems exhibit universal scaling behavior of their thermodynamic, transport and relaxation properties. Therefore, the quantum physics of different HF compounds is universal, and emerges regardless of the microscopic structure of the compounds. This uniform behavior allows us to view it as the main characteristic of a new state of matter exhibited by HF compounds.

央地互动中的“接包制”模式及其内在逻辑研究——基于国家级新区发展变迁的考察

纵向行政任务的落实机制是大国治理的重要议题。国家级新区正是中央为深入实施重大发展和改革开放战略任务而设立的综合功能区。通过回顾行政发包制理论,可以发现,该理论难以就地方对中央发包的行政任务进行差异化落实的现象提供很好的解释。面对国家级新区“申请热”与“成效冷”的政策悖论,在借鉴行政发包制理论和利益政治理论的基础上,进一步提出了“接包制”的分析框架,并以国家级新区发展变迁的各个阶段为例进行了深入考察。研究发现,接包制实质上是一种低成本的纵向府际激励模式,中央通过设包给予地方以政策或资金支持,地方在政绩利益的驱动下,会采取竞包的方式积极承担中央的政策试点任务并获得政策执行权,由此又导致了中央对行政任务的进一步扩包。“接包制”模式的提出为解释中国国家治理的逻辑提供了新的思路。