Breeding and Application Prospects of a New Quinoa Variety Longli 1

Longli 1 （ Chenopod/um qu/noa Willd） was the first new quinoa variety in China, which was bred by Pasture and Green Agriculture Institute of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences through the methods of line breeding, cultivation and domestication. In muhipeint regional test, the average yield of Longli 1 was 2 100. （30 kg/hm2, which was increased by 9.6% compared to Jingle qulnoa. Langli 1 was a mid-late mature quinoa variety. The plant was brcom-shape, with the plant height of 181.2 - 223.6 cm, the growth period of 128 - 140 d, and the branch number of 23 - 27. The seeds were round pill shaped, with 1 000-grain weight of 2.40 -3.46 g. The contents of crude protein, fat, proline and total phosphorus in seeds were 171.5 -187.8, 56.5 -59.3, 5.5 -6.9 and 4.5 -6.8 g/kg, re- spectively. I_ongli 1 presented resistance against downy mildew and leaf spot, with strong disease-resistant ability. In multipeint regional test and production test, Longli 1 displayed lodging resistance with strong regeneration ability. It also presented resistance to cold, drought, saline and alkaline, and barren, with wide adaptability. Longh 1 was suitable for planting in mountains, plain field and irrigation area with frost-free period greater than 120 d, rainfall more than 250 mm, and altitude 1 500 -3 000 m. The application prospects of quinoa were also put forward in the paper.

Characterization of the petiole length in soybean compact architecture mutant M657 and the breeding of new lines

Phenotypic screening of soybean germplasm suitable for high planting density is currently the most viable strategy to increase yield. Previous studies have shown that soybean varieties with dwarf features and a short petiole often exhibit a compact plant architecture which could improve yield through increased planting density, although previously reported short petiole accessions were ultimately not usable for breeding in practice. Here, we established a method to assess petiole length and identified an elite mutant line, M657, that exhibits high photosynthetic efficiency. The agronomic traits of M657 were evaluated under field conditions, and appeared to be stable for short petiole across seven locations in northern, Huang–Huai, and southern China from 2017 to 2018. Compared with the Jihuang 13 wild type, the mutant M657 was shorter in both petiole length and plant height, exhibited lower total area of leaf, seed weight per plant and 100-seed weight, but had an increased number of effective branches and the growth period was prolonged by 2–7 days. Using M657 as a parental line for crosses with four other elite lines, we obtained four lines with desirable plant architecture and yield traits, thus demonstrating the feasibility of adopting M657 in breeding programs for soybean cultivars of high density and high yield.

Breeding of A New Cucumber Variety ‘Lvyou No.1＇

‘Lvyou No. 1＇,bred in Huasheng Agriculture Limited Liability Company of Shandong Province,is a new cucumber F1 hybrid developed by crossing two inbred lines HS267014 and HS6201. It is an early-maturing variety with wide adaptability,high yield,and good commercial breeding. The plant has strong growth vigor and high resistance to white powder mildew. The first fruit sets on the 4 ^th-5^ th section,and the fruiting ratio of cucumber is 60%-80%. The cylindrical fruit is about 30-35 cm in length,3. 2-3. 5 cm in diameter with light green skin and glossy appearance. This plant has demonstrated adaptability in early-spring and late-autumn planting as well as spring and autumn tunnel planting.

Breeding and Evaluation of New Iron Yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb) Varieties

[Objective] This study was conducted to develop some new iron yam(Dioscorea opposita) varieties with excellent cooking, eating and nutritional qualities.[Method] The fresh weight per plant, drying rate, dry weight per plant, yield, allantoin content, water soluble extract content and disease resistance of seven new iron yam cultivars(No.1, No.2, No.4, No.6, No.8, No.9 and No.10) obtained through spaceflight mutation breeding were measured and compared with control(No.11).Then, the nutrition quality of two elite cultivars No. 6 and No.10 was determined by comparing with the control. [Result] The eight iron yam cultivars ranked in descending order of their fresh weight per plant as follows: No.6(0.255 kg)>No.10(0.254 kg)>No.4(0.242 kg)>No.9(0.237 kg)>No.1(0.233 kg)>No.11(0.206 kg)>No.2(0.191 kg)>No.8(0.157 kg). There was no significant difference in fresh weight per plant between No.6 and No.10, but extremely significant difference between No.6 and the control,No.10 and the control. The eight iron yam cultivars ranked in descending order of their drying rate as follows: No.2(32.641%)>No.10(32.230%)>No.9(28.223%)>No.6(25.174%)>No.8(25.122%)>No.11(25.043%)>No.1(24.291%)>No.4(20.234%). The drying rate of both No.6 and No.10 was higher than that of the control. The eight iron yam cultivars ranked in descending order of their dry weight per plant as follows:No.10(0.082 kg)>No.9(0.067 kg)>No.6(0.064 kg)>No.2(0.062 kg)>No.1(0.056 kg)>No.11(0.052 kg)>No.4(0.049 kg)>No.8(0.039 kg). The dry weight per plant of both No.6and No.10 is higher than that of the control. The eight iron yam cultivars ranked in descending order of their allantoin content as follows No.6(0.484%)>No.4(0.467%)>No.10(0.399%) >No.11(0.386%) >No.9(0.378%) >No.8(0.350%) >No.2(0.342) >No.1(0.325%). The allantoin content of No.6 was significantly higher than that of No.10 and the control. There was significant difference in allantoin content between No.6and No.10, but no significant difference between No 10 and the control. The eight iron yam cultivars ranked in descending order of their extract content as follows No.6(20.49%)>No.2(16.01%)>No.4(15.54%)>No.10(15.35%)>No.1(14.48%)>No.11(14.10%)>No.9(13.88%)>No.8(11.87%). The extract content of No.6 exhibited extremely significant difference with that of No.10 and the control, and the extract content of No.10 was also significantly different from that of the control. The taste of No.10 was dry, soft, floury, sweet and fragrant, better than that of the other seven cultivars.No.6 had the strongest resistance to Gloeosporium pestis and Cylindrosporium dioscoreae. No.10 had a middle resistance to G. pestis and a strong resistance to C. dioscoreae. No.6 and No.10 had higher contents of starch, reducing sugar, protein and ash, lower water content and better nutrition quality than the control.[Conclusion] No.10 can be popularized as a new variety of edible iron yam, and No.6as a new variety of medicinal iron yam.

Creating new middle breeding materials by utilizing new techniques

A new breeding program"Creating new middle breedingmaterials by utilizing new techniques",cooperated byChina National Rice Research Institute (CNRRI)andJapan International Research Center for Agricultural Sci-ence(JIRCAS)",started in Hangzhou,China in 1999.

A remarkable progress in breeding new rice line through gene engineering

Much progress has been made in the research of breeding new rice line through gene engineering by Life Science College of Fudan Univ, Shanghai, and the Plant Science Res Inst of Shanghai Acad of Agri. It was the first time internationally that the research adopted a man-combined gene, taking agrobacterium as car-

Trends in Breeding New Olive Varieties in Israel for Quality and Economic Management

The domesticated olives originated based on decades of selection from the natural forest around the Mediterranean basin being one of the oldest cultivated tree crops. The requirement for new olive varieties increased markedly during the last 100 years as a result of a worldwide transformation changing from a traditional extensive to a modern intensive mechanized industry. The traditional olive cultivars still widely used are selections from the local autochthonous cultivars which are well adapted to their natural environment. However, the level of production of those is usually rather low and many of them failed to respond enough to modern intensification methods. The wild olive population is gradually diminishing in all regions thus, natural selection is not efficient enough for developing the cultivars required for the new intensive olive industry. Cross breeding between cultivars with specific characters became the basis for the required new cultivars. The genetic diversity in progenies of most olive cultivars is extremely wide and thus becomes the basic source for breeding of the needed new cultivars. However, the genetic information on olive heredity and identification of specific gene characteristics is still limited. Genomic information is required for rational choice of genitors in accordance with each breeding aim, particularly as most criteria required for the new varieties are of multi-gene nature. The availability of advanced genomic information will also serve as basis for molecular engineering when accepted for use in the olive commodity. Geographically isolated olive populations developed during generations of inbreeding in remote regions are another important genetic resource of characters required for breeding the cultivars for the new modern mechanized olive orchards. The use of molecular markers based on AFLP, SSRs, DArT and SNPs is important for the choice of genitors leading to a reduction of the progeny size required in olive breeding. Presently the newly released olive cultivars are still the result of classical breeding.

皱木耳‘中菌皱木耳1号’选育

将采自云南省临沧市永德县大雪山乡大平掌村壳斗科(Fagaceae)倒腐木上的野生子实体鉴定为皱木耳(Auricularia delicata),经过组织分离、初筛,以菌株YD-1为对照,通过复筛获得最优菌株,通过拮抗实验、构建系统发育树比较菌株间的差异,通过中试和示范栽培比较菌株间的生物学效率。结果表明:初筛选出菌丝生长旺盛、菌丝生长速度较快和生物学效率较高的分离物ZJZME001、ZJZME002和ZJZME005,复筛时对照菌株YD-1的子实体颜色为黄褐色,分离物ZJZME001、ZJZME002和ZJZME005的子实体颜色为浅黄色,获得最优菌株ZJZME001,与菌株YD-1形成明显的拮抗线;通过系统发育树分析表明菌株ZJZME001为皱木耳,其中试和示范栽培的生物学效率均显著高于对照菌株YD-1,达120%以上;与对照菌株YD-1相比,菌株ZJZME001的子实体的锌、铁、钙、硒、蛋白质和维生素B1含量较高,氨基酸总量也较高,但粗纤维含量较低。2023年9月25日,菌株ZJZME001通过云南省非主要农作物品种鉴定,定名为‘中菌皱木耳1号’。

烤烟新品种川烟102的选育及特征特性

烤烟新品种川烟102是以(K326×云烟85)F_(1)为母本、(NC86×Coker176)F_(1)为父本杂交,以抗TMV和黑胫病为育种目标,经系谱法选育而成的烤烟纯系。该品种田间生长整齐,长势较强,植株为筒形,叶色绿,叶形长椭圆,农艺性状较好;该品种对TMV免疫,中抗黑胫病和赤星病,田间落黄好,较易烘烤,综合经济性状显著优于主对照品种K326,优于副对照品种云烟87;烤后原烟外观质量优于主对照品种K326,与副对照品种云烟87相当;感官质量优于主对照K326和副对照云烟87,综合质量与主对照K326、副对照云烟87相当。川烟102是一个经济性状优、品质好、适应广的烤烟纯系新品种,适宜在安徽等东南烟区、四川等西南烟区种植。

国审新品种皖临白山羊培育与种质特性

为更好地保护和开发利用安徽省优良地方羊种,增加我国优质肉羊产能。该研究以地方品种安徽白山羊为基础,引入萨能奶山羊和波尔山羊血缘,开展了皖临白山羊新品种培育。选育结果:经过三元杂交以及横交固定选育四个世代后,新品种皖临白山羊2月龄公羔体重为(12.38±1.63) kg,体高、体长和胸围数据分别达到(46.12±1.51)、(44.15±1.55)和(50.10±1.99) cm;6月龄公羔体重为(31.12±3.14) kg,体高、体长和胸围数据分别达到(63.38±1.98)、(58.95±2.15)和(72.20±2.55) cm;12月龄公羊体重为(52.53±4.01) kg,体高、体长和胸围数据分别达到(71.38±4.11)、(68.55±2.99)和(85.85±3.55) cm;18月龄公羊体重为(66.16±4.78) kg,体高、体长和胸围数据分别达到(81.25±4.10)、(73.44±4.21)和(92.21±4.31) cm;产羔率达255.3%;6月龄公羊屠宰率、净肉率和眼肌面积分别达(54.15±1.42)%、(47.08±0.85)%和(13.01±0.44) cm2;6月龄母羊屠宰率、净肉率和眼肌面积分别达(53.21±0.76)%、(46.56±1.52)%和(12.92±0.78) cm2。可见,皖临白山羊新品种体型较大,背毛白色,全身结构匀称紧凑,背腰宽平,四肢粗壮,蹄质坚实,充分发挥了亲本成活率高、抗逆性强、耐粗饲等优良特点。

Breeding and High-yield Cultivation Techniques for Oil Sunflower New Variety"Xin Kui No.27"

This paper introduced the breeding process,characteristics,yield performance,disease resistance,quality characters,and suitable production areas of the new early-maturing oil sunflower variety"Xin Kui No.27",and summarized high-yield cultivation techniques based on large-area continuous cultivation demonstration to serve agricultural production.

苦瓜新品种“衡蔬181”的选育

“衡蔬181”苦瓜新品种是以自交系J3-1为母本,以自交系B02-1-1为父本,通过杂交选育而成。其品种果实为长圆筒形,瓜色为白色且有光泽,果实表面具有大圆瘤突起,果实纵径24~30cm、横径5.8~6.0 cm,果肉厚1.0~1.1 cm,单果质量370 g左右。果实风味好,质地脆嫩,苦味适中。一般每667 m^(2)产量3800 kg左右。田间表现较抗枯萎病、霜霉病、白粉病。适宜在长江流域及以南地区进行温室大棚或露地早熟栽培。

抗旱丰产春小麦新品种陇春43号选育报告

为甘肃省小麦生产提供抗旱、抗病、丰产、优质小麦新品种,以促进小麦更新换代,实现小麦稳产增产,以衡7728为母本、陇春27号为父本进行了有性杂交,通过异地生态选择、采用系谱法成功选育出了抗旱丰产春小麦新品种陇春43号。2018—2019年参加甘肃省旱地春小麦区域试验,平均折合产量3074.70 kg/hm^(2),较对照品种西旱2号增产10.02%。2020年参加甘肃省旱地春小麦生产试验,平均折合产量3582.61 kg/hm^(2),较对照品种西旱2号增产9.81%。该品种具有高产稳产,优质,株型紧凑,抗旱,抗倒伏,中抗条锈和白粉病等特点,适宜在甘肃省中部旱地春麦区以及类似生态地区种植。

大荚大粒鲜食大豆新品种‘兴化豆5号’的选育及特征特性

本研究旨在开发适合福建省及其相似生态区种植条件的高产优质鲜食大豆新品种,以促进地区内品种更新、提高产业效率,并支持乡村振兴计划。通过使用‘浙98002’作为母本和‘毛豆389’作为父本进行杂交,采用系谱选择法成功培育出优良品种‘兴化豆5号’。该品种于2020年入选参加福建省鲜食大豆区域试验。在2020—2021年的两年区域试验中,‘兴化豆5号’表现出色,平均鲜荚产量达到11522.7 kg/hm^(2),比对照品种‘毛豆3号’(CK)增产5.67%。其标准荚产量为8261.7 kg/hm^(2),较‘毛豆3号’(CK)增产5.11%,且标准荚率为71.70%。‘兴化豆5号’以其大荚大粒特性及清煮后香甜柔糯的口感而受到好评,属于中晚熟型鲜食大豆品种,适宜于福建省春季播种。2022年7月,‘兴化豆5号’经过福建省农作物品种审定委员会的审定。这一研究成果预示着福建省及类似生态区鲜食大豆种植业的一大步前进,有望为当地农业发展带来积极影响。

高产抗条锈冬小麦新品种天选79号选育报告

为选育适宜甘肃陇南麦区及同类地区推广种植的抗病、丰产且适应性广的冬小麦品种,天水市农业科学研究所以自育高代品系00127-2-2-3作母本、周麦22号作父本配制杂交组合,经多年多点连续鉴定选择,培育成了抗条锈高产冬小麦新品种天选79号。2019—2021年参加甘肃省陇南片川区组区域试验,2 a 10点(次)平均折合产量7437.90 kg/hm^(2),较对照品种兰天33号增产6.87%。2021—2022年度参加生产试验,5点(次)平均折合产量6910.35 kg/hm^(2),较对照品种兰天33号增产3.25%。该品种株高78.4 cm,穗长8.0 cm,每穗粒数40.96粒,籽粒白色,硬质,千粒重46.31 g,有效穗数570万穗/hm^(2)。具有抗条锈、稳产、抗倒伏、籽粒品质优良等特点,适宜在甘肃省天水渭河川道区及陇南麦区低海拔区种植。

水稻新品种垦研1804的选育、特征特性及栽培技术

垦研1804是黑龙江省农垦科学院水稻研究所2010年以垦稻25为母本、垦稻09-1588为父本杂交,通过南繁加代,经系谱法选育而成的早熟多抗优质粳稻新品种,适宜在黑龙江省第二积温带插秧种植。介绍了垦研1804的选育过程、特征特性及产量表现,并根据生产实际提出了其稳产高产配套栽培技术,为该品种的推广种植提供依据。

水稻新品种垦研1803的选育及特征特性

垦研1803是黑龙江省农垦科学院水稻研究所2010年以空育131为母本、垦鉴稻3号为父本杂交,通过南繁加代,经系谱法选育而成的粳稻新品种。该品种早熟、多抗、优质,适宜在黑龙江省第三积温带插秧种植。对垦研1803的选育过程、产量表现、特征特性等进行了介绍,并从播种及插秧、肥水管理、病虫害防治、冷害预防等方面总结了其栽培技术要点,以期为垦研1803的生产应用提供指导。

鲜食花生新品种雪玉3号的选育

雪玉3号是以花育51为母本,以PN18为父本,经有性杂交系统选育而成的鲜食花生新品种。雪玉3号生育期116.0 d,株型直立,主茎高58.05 cm,侧枝长63.38 cm,单株荚果数17.73个,结果枝8.19个,总分枝数9.60个;叶片中绿,椭圆形,叶片中等;荚果普通形,果嘴明显程度弱,荚果表面质地中,缩缢程度无;饱果率81.46%;百果重160.11 g,籽仁柱形,种皮白色,内种皮白色,百仁重82.69 g,出仁率73.59%;油酸含量48.7%,亚油酸含量30.6%;蛋白质含量20.1%,粗脂肪含量53.4%,口感甜糯,一般每667 m^(2)鲜荚产量550 kg左右。