Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a new treatment approach for Alzheimer's disease

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a new treatment approach for Alzheimer’s disease（AD）：Alongside the increase in life expectancy,the prevalence of age-related disorders,such as neurodegenerative diseases,is on the rise.For example,AD,the most common form of dementia in the elderly,accounts for 60–80%of all dementia cases.

New insight into curcumin-based therapy in spinal cord injuries： CISD2 regulation

Multiple protective effects of curcumin in cases of spinal cord injuries（SCIs）：Curcumin[1,7-bis（4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl）-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione]is a nonsteroidal,naturally occurring compound commonly utilized as a dietary pigment as well as a spice in India.It is obtained from curcuma longa in.

Introduction of a New Therapy ──Disease Point Therapy

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆａＮｅｗＴｈｅｒａｐｙ──ＤｉｓｅａｓｅＰｏｉｎｔＴｈｅｒａｐｙ￥ＷａｎｇＣｈｅｎｇｃａｉ（８１１９７Ｔｒｏｏｐｓ＇Ｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌ）Ｗｅｓｕｍｕｐ２０ｙｅａｒｓａｎｄ８０ｔｈｏｕｓａｎｄｓｔｉｍｅｓ＇ｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏ...

CHINESE HUAI TANG NINE ACUPUNCTURE NEEDLES: RESEARCH ON THE NEW NINE ACUPUNCTURE NEEDLES THERAPY AND THE NEEDLING INSTRUMENTS (CONTINUED)

PART TWOThe Research on Chinese Huai TangNine Acupuncture Needles TherapyI The theoretical basis of ChineseHuai Tang Nine Needles Therapy.1) The kernel of the theoretical basis ofChinese Huai Tang Nine Needles Therapy.Chinese Huai Tang Nine Needles Therapyis to give full play to the treatment action of thespecifity and entirety of each needle. The speci-fity means that each needle has its own

Development of a new choroidal metastasis in resistance to crizotinib therapy in anaplastic lymphoma kinaserearranged non-small cell lung cancer

INTRODUCTION Non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）is a common malignant disease with an extremely poor prognosis.Lung cancer has been reported to metastasize to the eye in 0.2%to7%of patients based on clinical studies,and in 6%to 7%of patients based on postmortem histopathologic studies.

Nanomedicine has opened new avenues for cancer diagnosis and therapy

A crucial feature of nanoparticles,such as liposomes,magnetic nanoparticles,quantum dots,metallic nanoparticles,silica nanoparticles,polymersomes and dendrimers etc.,is their higher accumulation in the tumor than in normal tissues1-3.Various nanoparticles have been intensively used as vehicles to deliver

New Developments in Drug Therapy and Research of Cerebral Vasospasm

In this manuscript a comprehensive coverage of recent developments in the drug therapy of vasospasm while providing the background information that neuroscientists need to understand its rationale. The range of new agents available for treatment of cerebral vasospasm is expanding rapidly along with rapid advances in pharmacology and physiology that are uncovering the mechanisms of this disease. Although there are many publications for treatment of cerebral vaso-spasm, most are focusing on different aspects of vasospasm treatment and many have limited value due to insufficient quality. Moreover, the complexity of this, in many cases deleterious condition, is enormous and the information needed to understand drug effects is accordingly often not readily available in a single source. A number of pharmacological and medical therapies are currently in use or being investigated in an attempt to reverse cerebral vasospasm, but only a few have proven to be useful. Current research efforts promise the eventual production of new medical therapies. At last, recommendations for the use of different treatment stages based on currently available clinical data are provided.

基于NEWS评分构建的防控管理模型在致命性出血介入治疗患者中的应用效果研究

目的研究基于英国国家早期预警评分(NEWS)构建的防控管理模型在致命性出血介入治疗患者中的应用效果。方法选取2019年6月至2020年6月湖南省某三甲医院收治的200例致命性出血介入治疗患者作为研究对象,将其随机分为观察组(n=100)和对照组(n=100)。对照组实施常规干预措施及流程,观察组在对照组基础上实施基于NEWS评分的防控管理,比较两组患者介入治疗急救时长、并发症发生率、死亡率和休克分期等情况。结果观察组患者的预检分诊时间、多学科小组接诊时间、入院至B超出报告时间、入院至实验室出报告时间、急诊滞留时间、入院至到达手术室时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)、感染、心跳骤停等并发症发生率和死亡率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者术后4 h休克分期情况优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于NEWS评分的致命性出血防控管理模型有助于临床医护人员早期识别致命性出血的风险,通过评分值采取相应的急救防控措施能显著缩短介入治疗患者的急救时长,降低术后并发症的发生率及死亡率,改善术后患者的休克分期程度及预后。

High-intensity focused ultrasound ablation:An effective bridging therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma patients

AIM:To analyze whether high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) ablation is an effective bridging therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:From January 2007 to December 2010,49 consecutive HCC patients were listed for liver transplantation(UCSF criteria).The median waiting time for transplantation was 9.5 mo.Twenty-nine patients received transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) as a bringing therapy and 16 patients received no treatment before transplantation.Five patients received HIFU ablation as a bridging therapy.Another five patients with the same tumor staging(within the UCSF criteria) who received HIFU ablation but not on the transplant list were included for comparison.Patients were comparable in terms of Child-Pugh and model for end-stage liver disease scores,tumor size and number,and cause of cirrhosis.RESULTS:The HIFU group and TACE group showed no difference in terms of tumor size and tumor number.One patient in the HIFU group and no patient in the TACE group had gross ascites.The median hospital stay was 1 d(range,1-21 d) in the TACE group and two days(range,1-9 d) in the HIFU group(P < 0.000).No HIFU-related complication occurred.In the HIFU group,nine patients(90%) had complete response and one patient(10%) had partial response to the treatment.In the TACE group,only one patient(3%) had response to the treatment while 14 patients(48%) had stable disease and 14 patients(48%) had progressive disease(P = 0.00).Seven patients in the TACE group and no patient in the HIFU group dropped out from the transplant waiting list(P = 0.559).CONCLUSION:HIFU ablation is safe and effective in the treatment of HCC for patients with advanced cirrhosis.It may reduce the drop-out rate of liver transplant candidate.

New advances in targeted gastric cancer treatment

Despite a decrease in incidence over past decades,gastric cancer remains a major global health problem. In the more recent period, survival has shown only minor improvement, despite significant advances in diagnostic techniques, surgical and chemotherapeutic approaches, the development of novel therapeutic agents and treatment by multidisciplinary teams. Because multiple genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations, and aberrant molecular signalling pathways are involved in the development of gastric cancers, recent research has attempted to determine the molecular heterogeneity responsible for the processes of carcinogenesis, spread and metastasis. Currently, some novel agents targeting a part of these dysfunctional molecular signalling pathways have already been integrated into the standard treatment of gastric cancer, whereas others remain in phases of investigation within clinical trials. It is essential to identify the unique molecular patterns of tumours and specific biomarkers to develop treatments targeted to the individual tumour behaviour. This review analyses the global impact of gastric cancer, as well as the role of Helicobacter pylori infection and the efficacy of bacterial eradication in preventing gastric cancer development. Furthermore, the paper discusses the currently available targeted treatments and future directions of research using promising novel classes of molecular agents for advanced tumours.

FOLFIRINOX and translational studies: Towards personalized therapy in pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer is an extremely aggressive disease; although progress has been made in the last few years, the prognosis of these patients remains dismal. FOLFIRINOX is now considered a standard treatment in first-line setting, since it demonstrated an improved overall and progression-free survival vs gemcitabine alone. However, the enthusiasm over the benefit of this three-drug regimen is tempered by the associated increased toxicity profile, and many efforts have been made to improve the feasibility of this schedule. After a more recent phase Ⅲ trial showing an improved outcome over gemcitabine, the combination of gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel emerged as another standard first-line treatment. However, this treatment is also associated with more side effects. In addition, despite initial promising data on the predictive role of SPARClevels, recent studies showed that these levels are not associated with nab-paclitaxel efficacy. The choice to use this treatment over FOLFIRINOX is therefore a topic of debate, also because no validated biomarkers to guide FOLFIRINOX treatment are available. In the era of actionable mutations and target agents it would be desirable to identify molecular factors or biomarkers to predict response to therapy in order to maximize the efficacy of treatment and avoid useless toxic effects for non-responding patients. However, until today the milestone of treatment for pancreatic cancer remains chemotherapy combinations, without predictive or monitoring tools existing to optimize therapy. This review analyzes the state-of-the-art treatments, promises and limitations of targeted therapies, ongoing trials and future perspectives, including potential role of microR NAs as predictive biomarkers.

Novel agents and new therapeutic approaches for treatment of multiple myeloma

This review summarizes the therapeutic strategies and the drugs actually in development for the management of myeloma patients. Multiple myeloma is caused by the expansion of monoclonal plasma cells and secretion of M-protein(immunoglobulins, Bence Jones protein and free light chains). Multiple myeloma still remains an incurable disease with a high incidence rate in the elderly, despite the introduction of several new therapeutic agents(bortezomib, lenalidomide and thalidomide) which have changed its natural history. The high heterogeneity of this disease leads to large differences in clinical responses to treatments. Thus, the choice of the best treatment is a difficult issue. However, the introduction of new drugs has made it possible to achieve high response rates and good quality respons-es with long-term disease control. Interactions between tumor cells and their bone marrow microenvironment play a pivotal role in the development, maintenance, and progression of myeloma, inducing also drug resistance. These knowledges have improved treatment options, leading to the approval of new drugs which not only target the malignant cell itself, but also its microenvironment. These agents are in preclinical/early clinical evaluation and they appear to further improve disease control, but their use is still not approved outside of clinical trials.

Stem cell therapy in ocular pathologies in the past 20 years

Stem cell therapies are successfully used in various fields of medicine.This new approach of research is also expanding in ophthalmology.Huge investments,resources and important clinical trials have been performed in stem cell research and in potential therapies.In recent years,great strides have been made in genetic research,which permitted and enhanced the differentiation of stem cells.Moreover,the possibility of exploiting stem cells from other districts(such as adipose,dental pulp,bone marrow stem cells,etc.)for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases,renders this topic fascinating.Furthermore,great strides have been made in biomedical engineering,which have proposed new materials and threedimensional structures useful for cell therapy of the eye.The encouraging results obtained on clinical trials conducted on animals have given a significant boost in the creation of study protocols also in humans.Results are limited to date,but clinical trials continue to evolve.Our attention is centered on the literature reported over the past 20 years,considering animal(the most represented in literature)and human clinical trials,which are limiting.The aim of our review is to present a brief overview of the main types of treatments based on stem cells in the field of ophthalmic pathologies.

Ophthalmic community perception of new medication needs

AIM：To survey ophthalmologists（who have participated previously in clinical research） and ophthalmic industry professionals（who have been involved in ocular research and development） to indicate perceived needs for new pharmaceuticals in various ophthalmic subspecialties.METHODS：A prospective,industry-based survey was sent to ophthalmologists and ophthalmic industry professionals about the perceived needs for new pharmaceutical products.RESULTS：This survey was sent to 559 ophthalmic pharma professionals and ophthalmologists.We received 82（15%） responses.The results showed that the most commonly perceived need for new pharmaceuticals were dry and wet age-related macular degeneration,glaucoma,diabetic macular edema and dry eye.There was a statistical difference found between response groups（P〈0.0001）.Respondents indicated they would express their commitment to a new product they perceived as needed by recommending to colleagues（63%）,prescribing（60%）,participating as principle investigator in a related clinical trial（52%）,advising the company（52%）,lecturing on behalf of the product（43%）,investing in the product（38%）,taking no action（7%） or obtain a position in the company（1%）.CONCLUSION：Ophthalmic pharma professionals and ophthalmologists perceive the greatest need for new medicines in ophthalmology to be in dry and wet agerelated macular degeneration,glaucoma,diabetic macular edema and dry eye.

保革政治和解与国家发展道路转型--泰国2023年回顾与2024年展望

政治方面,2023年泰国新一轮大选历经波折组成跨阵营的联合政府,最终为泰党侯选人赛塔当选第30任总理,成功化解了组阁危机,“保革和解”推动了泰国民主进程;但2023年大选促进泰国极左翼党派远进党的强势崛起,泰国政治格局由保革长期对立转变为“三足鼎立”,泰国渐趋稳定的政局仍存在政治冲突的风险。经济方面,泰国赛塔政府极力推行“经济疗法”,重启泰国旅游、延缓农民还贷期限、降低居民生活成本、吸引外商直接投资和减免税收等系列措施以提振经济,但受总理选举形成的“政治真空”、出口贸易收缩、制造业指数下降和旅游服务业复苏减缓等因素的叠加影响,全年经济增长低于预期。外交方面,弘扬“大国平衡”外交传统,恢复与美国的同盟关系并寻求与美国跨国企业的投资合作;支持高质量共建“一带一路”,持续构建与中国的命运共同体关系;实行“积极主动的经济外交”,加强与中国、美国、日本等国家和新兴经济体在投资、经贸和可持续发展方面的友好合作;依托东盟开展区域合作及在国际事务中发挥建设性作用。展望2024年,泰国将开启“增量改革”以促进经济增长和国家发展道路转型,进一步拓展绿色经济、数字经济和新能源等产业的发展空间,政治和外交服务于经济增长目标,泰国复苏增长可期。

阿尔茨海默病不同治疗方式研究新进展

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是一种复杂的、起病隐秘的、病因不明的、缺乏特异性诊断方式的神经退行性病变。面对与日俱增的患病率,却缺乏有效的治疗方式。中医药治疗方式具有多层次、多靶点、多通路的独特优势,中西医结合方式的互补,非药物疗法的辅助,干细胞疗法、新的分子药物、抗体及蛋白疫苗、γ感官刺激等新颖的实验阶段新疗法等方式治疗AD。本文综述近年来的不同治疗方式治疗AD研究新进展,旨在为临床上治疗AD提供新思路、新方法及参考价值。

新吲哚菁绿IR-820辅助的近红外荧光成像和光热及协同治疗在肿瘤诊疗中的应用进展

新吲哚菁绿IR-820因其具有强近红外(near-infrared,NIR,750~1700 nm)荧光特性、良好生物相容性、高光热转换效率及稳定性等优势,在NIR发光的有机荧光染料中脱颖而出,被广泛应用于生物医学成像、荧光标记、细胞实时监测、光热治疗等研究领域。为更好地发挥IR-820的生物医学应用价值,研究人员用不同生物化学分子修饰IR-820来增强其荧光及光热特性,制备多种类的荧光纳米粒子,在基础生物医学成像与肿瘤光热治疗方面开展了众多研究。总结了IR-820荧光纳米粒子在近红外荧光成像和通过光热机理及与其他技术协同治疗肿瘤中的应用研究,希望为进一步推进有机荧光染料IR-820在生物医学领域应用和临床转化发展提供参考。

肠道菌群与Alzheimer’s病的研究进展

Alzheimer’s病(AD)是好发于老年人的CNS退行性疾病,以认知能力下降及记忆受损为特征,同时伴发精神症状,严重影响患者的日常生活。肠道菌群是居住在胃肠道中的所有微生物的集合,是人体不可分割的一部分。肠道菌群可以通过脑-肠轴影响CNS,从而增加AD的发生风险。目前获批用于治疗AD的传统药物治疗效果不理想,因此急需一种新的AD治疗方法。本文将对肠道菌群与AD的关系进行阐述,探寻以肠道菌群为靶点的AD新疗法。

耳穴贴压联合新四联疗法治疗心衰加重的疗效观察

目的探讨耳穴贴压联合新四联疗法治疗心衰加重的疗效。方法采用随机数字表法将心衰加重患者120例分成对照组和试验组,各60例。对照组实施新四联疗法,试验组在对照组治疗基础上加用耳穴贴压,均治疗2周。比较两组六分钟步行试验(6 minutes walk test,6MWT)结果、运动峰摄氧量(Peak oxygen uptake,PVO2)、每搏耗氧量(Oxygen consumption/heart rate,VO2/HR)、正常窦性心搏RR间期标准差(Standard deviation of NN intervals,SDNN)、全程相邻窦性心搏RR间期差值均方根(Root mean square successive differences be-tween successive R-R intervals,RMSSD)、低频功率(Low frequencies,LF)、高频功率(High fre-quencies,HF)、氨基末端脑钠肽前体(N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP)、肾素(Plasma renin activity,PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngiotensinⅡ,AngⅡ)、醛固酮(Aldosterone,ALD)水平。结果试验组治疗总有效率为93.33%,高于对照组的80.00%(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后2周,两组PVO2、VO2/HR、6MWT、SDNN、RMSSD、LF及HF均升高,且试验组高于对照组(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后2周,两组NT-proBNP、PRA、AngⅡ及ALD均下降,且试验组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论耳穴贴压联合新四联疗法可有效改善心衰加重患者运动耐量、心率变异性,调节神经激素,降低NT-proBNP水平,临床疗效优于单一新四联疗法。

新型抗生素筛选的研究进展

抗生素耐药性是一个重要的公共卫生问题,由于细菌耐药性的不断进化和传播,尤其是“超级细菌”的出现,导致传染病发病率和死亡率不断增加,治疗也变得更具挑战性,因此,新型抗生素的研究至关重要。进入抗生素后时代以来,大批新技术、新方法为新型抗生素的筛选提供了思路。本文对新型抗生素筛选和替代方法的进展进行了总结,包括从天然产物中筛选、采用化学合成或合成生物学方法筛选、基于组学技术的筛选、人工智能辅助筛选、药物再利用和联合用药以及抗生素的替代疗法如单克隆抗体疗法、噬菌体疗法。新型抗生素的筛选对于应对多耐药菌、治疗新兴疾病、提高治疗效果都具有重要意义,药物再利用、联合用药及抗生素的替代疗法可以降低药物开发的时间和成本,为医疗领域带来更多的创新和进步。