Analysis of yield and quality characteristics of winter oilseed rape in China from 2001 to 2015: towards future breeding goals

The exciting outcomes of national regional trials have led to production and industrialization of China oilseed rape to a larger extent. To understand current trends of yield and quality traits of new varieties, data of national winter oilseed rape trials from 2001 to 2015 in 4 districts （upper, middle, lower Yangtze River and Huang-Huai River） was comprehensively analyzed. Results showed that average yield of new varieties of winter oilseed rape increased during the study period. In 2013, average yield of each district reached its highest level. Number of pod per plant reached its peak in 2011 and then declined rapidly in the next 4 years. Average number of seeds per pod did not signif-cantly changed in any districts. Moreover, 1,000 seeds weight increased most obviously in Huang-Huai River district. After 2007, new oilseed rape varieties encountered the dou-ble-low quality （i.e., low erucic acid and low glucosinolate）. In addition, oil content of new oilseed rape varieties increased over 15 years period and average oil content of all tested varieties during 2006-2015 was 42.96%, which was 2.38% higher than in 2005. Future breeding goals should be set to further improve yield, oil content, oil quality （such as high oleic acid and low saturated fatty acids）, achieve full mechanization of oilseed rape pro-duction process and develop ideotypes.

Analysis of Yield and Disease Resistance Traits of New Winter Rapeseed Varieties over the Past Twenty Years in China

Based on the results of the national regional trail for winter rapeseed in four groups,including the upper reaches,middle reaches and lower reaches of Yangtze River and Huang-Huai region in the past twenty years,new varieties of winter rapeseed showed upward trend in average yield,the yield level in Huang-huai group was higher than other groups.The changes of average effective pods per plant were not significant in any group,but the number of grain per pod and 1 000-grain weight showed increase trend.However,the increment of grains per pod in three Yangtze River groups was higher than that in Huang-Huai River group,while the increment of 1 000-grain weight was just opposite.The incidence rate of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and viral disease in new varieties of winter rapeseed obviously decreased,and the incidence rate of S.sclerotiorum decreased lower than 5%.Genetic improvement for winter rapeseed should be focus on the number of grain per pod and 1 000-grain weight in the future,and yield level of new varieties in all four groups is expected to increase.

Study on Introduction Test of New Varieties of High Quality Conventional Rice in Yangjiang City, China

[Objective]The paper was to seek new varieties of high quality conventional rice suitable for Yangjiang area,Guangdong Province,China.[Method]In 2017,introduction test was performed with seven new varieties of high-quality conventional rice approved by Guangdong Province in recent years,including Huangsilizhan,Guangjingruanzhan,Heliyouzhan,Huahang 48,Limiaozhan,Lvyinzhan,Yuehesimiao,to investigate the main agronomic traits and yield of all varieties tested.[Result]The comprehensive performance of Lvyinzhan,Guangjingruanzhan,Limiaozhan and Huahang 48 was outstanding,showing the characters of good yield,excellent rice quality and strong stress resistance.[Conclusion]Lvyinzhan,Guangjingruanzhan,Limiaozhan and Huahang 48 are suitable for large-scale demonstration and promotion in Yangjiang area.

Correlation and Cluster Analysis on the Quality Characters of New Middle-ripe Japonica Rice Varieties in Jiangsu Province

[ Objective] This study aimed to analyze the quality characteristics of the new middle-ripejapon/ca rico varieties in Jiangsu Province. [ Method] Four- teen new rice varieties included in the Middle-ripe Japon/ca Rice Regional Test in 2011 were selected as the materials. Correlation analysis and cluster analysis were carried out on their quality traits. [Result] The rice cultivars possessed stable characteristics, which were difficult to be further improved. In addition, their quality traits had extremely complicated relationships, and the differences were significant between different groups. [ Conclusion] This study will provide reference for improving the quality traits of japonica rice.

Study on Key Techniques for High-quality and High-yield Cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum Spore Powder

Comparative test of 4 Ganoderma lucidum varieties from different sources showed that the mycelium of Chizhi 1 grew fast with thick and dense hyphae,round and solid cap,and high spore powder yield.Chizhi 1 was proved to be an excellent variety because of its strong resistance and high spore powder yield.Different cultivation materials were chosen and combined to form 3 cultivation formulations.The results showed that Formulation(3),in which basswood was soaked in nutrient solution for 24 h,presented fast mycelial growth and high spore powder output,and therefore was proved to be a high-yield formulation of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.

基于主成分和聚类分析7个深绿线椒品种的商品品质和产量评价

【目的】探明深绿线椒品种的商品品质和产量差异,为贵州辣椒产业品种结构调整和优势区域布局提供科学依据。【方法】以7个深绿线椒品种(长辣七号、湘辣17号、卓椒七号、卓椒八号、香辣八号、红冠303、泰丰五号)为研究对象,采用SPSS 26.0进行变异系数分析和主成分分析,Origin 2022进行相关性和聚类分析,对其商品品质与产量进行综合评价。【结果】7个深绿线椒品种的商品品质及产量性状变异系数为6.91%~28.17%,其中,以果形指数变异系数最小,单果鲜重的变异系数最大;单果鲜重与果纵径、鲜椒产量与干物质含量分别呈极显著相关性,果纵径与果横径、单果鲜重与果横径、干椒产量与单株挂果数、单株挂果数与果纵径、单株挂果数与单果鲜重、单果鲜重与干物质含量分别呈显著相关性。基于深绿线椒品种的9个性状,通过主成分分析建立综合表现评价模型,得出品种卓椒七号的综合表现最佳,其产量最高,达2410 kg/667m^(2)。聚类分析将7个线椒品种分为适合鲜加工(长辣七号、红冠303、香辣八号和湘辣17号)、既适合鲜加工又适合干加工(泰丰五号和卓椒八号)及适合绿熟期采收上市(卓椒七号)3类。【结论】7个深绿线椒品种的多样性丰富,单果鲜重、果横径、果纵径、单株挂果数是构成鲜椒产量的主要因素,单株挂果数是构成干椒产量的主要因素;卓椒七号鲜椒产量最高,适合在绿熟期采收上市;卓椒八号果形和果肉厚适中,鲜椒和干椒产量中上,是理想的加工型辣椒品种。

玉米新品种华纬1号的选育及栽培技术要点

为促进玉米新品种华纬1号的推广应用,介绍了该品种的亲本来源及杂交种选育过程、植株生物学特性、产量表现及配套栽培技术。华纬1号是黑龙江省农业科学院玉米研究所和吉林宏兴高科农业有限公司于2015年以自交系J1136为母本、自交系J0866为父本杂交育成的玉米新品种,2023年通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定(审定编号为黑审玉2023004)。2021-2022年区域试验平均产量为12 423.2 kg·hm^(-2),较对照品种先玉696增产7.8%;2022生产试验平均产量为12 622.6 kg·hm^(-2),较对照品种先玉696增产7.5%,该品种具有早发优势强、性状整齐、耐旱性好、亲本繁殖制种简单等优点。

龙菁1号紫花苜蓿新品种的选育

试验为解决寒区优质紫花苜蓿种质资源匮乏的难题,以抗寒、高产为育种目标,2002年起对9个国内外紫花苜蓿品种经过混合单株选择法及四代田间表型混合选择,选育龙菁1号紫花苜蓿品种。结果显示:在品种比较试验中,龙菁1号紫花苜蓿的干草产量、越冬率和粗蛋白含量最高,分别为10920.2 kg/hm^(2)、95.2%、19.22%;在区域试验中,龙菁1号紫花苜蓿在吉林白城地区的干草产量(11866.18 kg/hm^(2))最高;在生产试验中,与龙牧803、WL323HQ相比,龙菁1号紫花苜蓿在杜蒙地区的干草产量(10088 kg/hm^(2))最高。研究表明,龙菁1号紫花苜蓿品种的耐寒性、干草产量、粗蛋白含量均优于龙牧803和WL323HQ,是适合东北寒区人工草地建植、退化草原改良、粮改饲和草田轮作的优质牧草。

早熟优质宜机采棉花新品种‘徐棉608’的选育

针对粮棉争地、棉花生产用工多及劳动力成本逐渐增加等问题,以‘鲁棉19号’为母本‘、徐棉266’为父本,采用杂交育种技术育成早熟棉花新品种‘徐棉608’,该品种可以满足麦(蒜、油)后棉一年两熟种植制度且适宜机械化采收。在2018—2019年江苏省棉花新品种区域试验中,‘徐棉608’生育期99 d,衣分为40.1%,皮棉产量为1221.0 kg/hm^(2),较对照‘中棉所50’增产3.9%。株高87.5 cm,第一果枝节位高度20.8 cm,符合机采棉株型标准。纤维上半部平均长度为28.1 mm,断裂比强度为29.2 cN/tex,马克隆值为5.1。在2020年江苏省生产试验中,平均皮棉产量为1340.3 kg/hm^(2),较对照‘中棉所50’增产幅度高达10.5%。该品种衣分高,耐枯萎病和黄萎病,抗棉铃虫,耐盐性强,对脱叶催熟剂较敏感,适宜在江苏省及长江流域、黄河流域早熟棉区推广种植。

基于GT双标图对小麦新品系的分类评价

为了从产量、品质方面准确评价旱肥地试验小麦新品系,以2020—2021年连续2年参加国家黄淮冬麦区旱地组多点比较试验的26份新品系为材料,应用多元统计方法分析了大田条件下2年间产量和品质性状的变化。结果表明:26份品系的产量和品质性状2年变异系数分别为2.0%~74.2%和2.1%~95.1%,变异较大,变异系数大小顺序依次为稳定时间>湿面筋含量>蛋白质含量>吸水率=单位面积产量>容重;相关分析表明,2年产量与品质性状存在负相关关系,稳定时间均与蛋白质含量、吸水量正相关,稳定时间与产量负相关,其中稳定时间与蛋白质含量相关系数均较高。在相关分析的基础上,采用聚类分析方法将2年中26份小麦参试品系聚为4类,并在主成分品种、性状(genotype by trait,GT)双标图(biplot)和聚类图中进行展示,聚类结果与新品系的实际表现一致,其中‘泰科麦4835’‘洛旱35’‘农大162’‘山农611436’连续2年划为同一类型,表现为产量较高、品质优良。该研究结果可为参试新品系的合理评价和推广应用提供理论依据。

2013—2022年黄淮稻区国审水稻品种的特征特性分析

本研究旨在探讨黄淮稻区水稻新品种选育的发展趋势,本研究以近10年间(2013—2022年)黄淮稻区国审水稻品种为对象,分析了水稻品种的基本情况、特征特性和演变趋势。结果表明,黄淮稻区国审水稻品种数量先升后降,产量平均每年增加49.5 kg/hm^(2)。有效穗数、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重四个产量因素都随年份呈现增长,分别每年增加0.36万/hm^(2)、1.03粒、0.12%、0.11g。粒数和千粒重对产量增长贡献较大,有效穗数与产量负相关。整精米率和直链淀粉含量表现相对较好,垩白度表现较差,胶稠度有下降趋势;穗颈瘟逐渐变重。黄淮稻区水稻品种选育应注重在适当穗数基础上追求大穗,靠理想株型增强光合性能确保结实率和千粒重。垩白度是限制黄淮稻区米质的主要指标,重视胶稠度选育;抗稻瘟病基因抗性正在减弱,需继续挖掘和引进抗源或抗病基因。

旱地春小麦新品种银春11号生产性能评价

为全面了解银春11号的生产特性,依据2016—2017年甘肃省旱地春小麦区域试验和2018年甘肃省旱地春小麦生产试验,对其丰产性、稳产性和适应性等进行了分析。结果表明,银春11号丰产性好,增产潜力大,2016、2017年的区域试验中,分别较对照品种西旱2号增产13.25%、9.90%;银春11号具有较好的高产稳产性,2016、2017年高稳系数分别为102.82、100.06,均高于对照品种西旱2号的90.90;银春11号具有广泛的适应性,2016、2017年适应度分别为80%、60%,在各试验点中增产点率为90%。综上,银春11号丰产性、稳产性较好,适应性较强,适宜在甘肃中部旱地春麦区栽培。

Breeding of a New Early-ripening Cultivar of Chinese Dwarf Cherry 'Xiarihong'

＇Xiarihong＇ is a new early-ripening variety selected from seedlings of Chinese dwarf cherry （Cerasus humilis Bunge） in 2006. The fruits are oblate and have red skin; the flesh is yellow, sour and sweet. The average mass of a fruit is 6.74 g, and a fruit has a half freestone. The content of soluble solids reaches 10.9%, and total sugar and total acid content are 8.20% and 1.81% respectively, so the ratio of total sugar content to total acid content is 4.53; the edible rate is up to 94.51%. In the flesh, calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin C content are 219.7, 4.4, 1.09, and 182 mg/kg respectively. Fruits ripen in late July in Beijing, and the development period of fruits is 96-101 d. Fruits can be kept for 3-5 d at room temperature, about 20 d in cold storage, and one year under freezing conditions. It can be cultivated in Beijing, flowers and fruits in the next year, with strong yielding ability.

1986—2022年河南省夏棉品种遗传改良成效

本研究目的是为河南省夏棉遗传改良提供理论依据。以1986—2022年河南省审定的43个夏棉品种为试验材料,对其早熟性、产量、品质、抗病性等方面的遗传改良成效进行分析。结果表明:河南省夏棉品种的早熟性、产量、纤维品质遗传改良成效显著。其中,子棉、皮棉、霜前皮棉产量每个时期分别以142.110、70.119和70.121 kg/hm^(2)的速度递增,同时生育期缩短4~15 d,现有品种产量的增长主要是通过提高单株铃数和衣分来实现的;纤维长度和断裂比强度每个时期分别以0.083 mm和0.407 cN/tex的平均速度递增,遗传改良效果显著;但马克隆值逐渐变大,纤维变粗趋势明显。枯萎病、黄萎病指数每个时期分别以1.015和2.233的平均速度递增,需进一步加强枯、黄萎病的抗性育种。

马铃薯新品种比较试验

为了筛选出适宜克拜地区大面积推广种植的马铃薯新品种,本研究对黑龙江省农业科学院克山分院自育的6个马铃薯品种进行产量、品质的筛选和鉴定试验。结果表明,有3个品种综合性状良好,其中,高淀粉品种克202032-37,块茎圆形,淡黄皮白肉,淀粉含量18.5 g/100 g,产量31 187.50 kg/hm^(2),比对照增产3.96%;中晚熟品种克202045-14,块茎椭圆形,白皮白肉,淀粉含量15.9 g/100 g,产量41 375.00 kg/hm^(2),比对照增产37.92%;中熟品种克202042-2,块茎圆形,白皮白肉,淀粉含量15.7 g/100 g,产量42 820.51 kg/hm^(2),比对照增产42.74%。这3份材料可作为优质品种继续鉴定筛选,为该地区马铃薯高产优质生产提供参考。

科创债券是否存在发行溢价?——来自中国债券市场的实证研究

本文基于2021—2023年我国债券市场发行的科创债券数据,使用科创债券与普通债券匹配的方法构造研究样本,并构建计量模型考察了科创债券的发行溢价效应。实证分析结果显示,科创债券一级市场发行存在显著的溢价效应,科创债券发行利率较普通债券高27个基点。同时,目前科创债券发行主体主要为高评级企业,而主体资质较弱的科技型中小企业获得债券融资的机会较少。积极引导各类市场投资主体参与科创债券业务,有效降低科创债券发行溢价。此外,要加快中国版高收益债券市场建设,打通科技型中小企业债券融资渠道。

日光温室越冬茬樱桃番茄品种比较试验

以11个樱桃番茄品种为试材,以当地主栽品种“粉贝贝”为对照,采用田间栽培,试验测定的方法,研究了不同品种在植株生长发育、果实性状、产量、品质及抗病性方面的差异,以期筛选出适宜关中地区种植的樱桃番茄新品种。结果表明:品种“甜思妮”长椭圆形,果色桔红,光泽度好,平均单株结果数196个,平均单果质量9.88 g, 667 m^(2)产量4 940 kg,糖酸比14.65,维生素C含量23.06 mg·(100g)^(-1)FW,抗病性强,营养综合评价最优,可以进行推广应用。

有机与常规栽培条件下不同春小麦品种产量与品质的差异

为了解有机和常规栽培条件下不同春小麦品种产量与品质形成的差异,进而筛选适宜有机栽培的优质高产春小麦品种,以北方春麦区主栽的10个品种为供试材料,通过大田试验,采用主成分分析与聚类分析相结合的品质-产量综合评价方法,系统分析了有机与常规栽培模式下不同小麦品种籽粒品质和产量的综合表现。结果表明,不同品种间,籽粒产量、籽粒蛋白质品质指标、容重、出粉率和面团流变学特性指标的差异均达显著水平(P<0.05)。与常规栽培相比,有机栽培下10个品种的穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量依次降低了15.1%、42.9%、12.5%和21.4%;蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、容重和出粉率分别降低了32.9%、44.0%、52.9%、8.2%和1.0%;吸水率、面团稳定时间、面团形成时间、拉伸面积、面团延展性和最大抗延阻力分别降低了11.5%、36.2%、40.3%、1.0%、20.5%和10.2%。通过主成分分析,从11个品质指标中提取出4个主成分,累计贡献率达到了91.17%,其中贡献较大的指标有蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、拉伸面积、出粉率、最大抗延阻力。根据品质主成分综合得分和产量聚类,在两种栽培模式下筛选出5个兼顾优质和高产潜力的品种,其中龙麦26无论在有机还是常规栽培下,籽粒产量和品质均表现较好,适宜在河套灌区推广种植。

菜用甘薯品种评价及营养品质分析

本研究对25个菜用甘薯品种进行茎尖表型性状描述、食味以及营养品质评价,并对产量进行比较。结果表明:福菜薯18号、万菜薯5号、湘菜薯2号、鄂菜薯2号、湘菜薯4号、宁菜薯3号、川菜薯211、鄂菜薯3号、福菜薯23、薯绿1号食用品质综合表现与对照福薯7-6相当。隶属函数法评价结果表明,叶片营养品质综合排名前十的依次为福菜薯23、福菜薯18号、万菜薯7号、湘菜薯4号、台农71、万菜薯5号、鄂菜薯2号、湘菜薯3号、宁菜薯4号、鄂菜薯10号;叶柄营养品质综合排名前十的依次为鄂菜薯2号、万菜薯5号、台农71、万菜薯1号、广菜薯3号、福菜薯22、宁菜薯4号、湘菜薯4号、湘菜薯3号、宁菜薯1号;茎营养品质综合排名前十的依次为万菜薯19号、湘菜薯4号、万菜薯8号、鄂菜薯10号、台农71、宁菜薯1号、福菜薯22、川菜薯211、万菜薯5号、福菜薯18号。参试品种中,湘菜薯4号和川菜薯211的茎叶产量显著低于对照品种福薯7-6,其余品种均高于对照或与对照相当。生产上可根据菜用甘薯的营养品质和产量特性进行开发利用及配套栽培技术管理。

优质番茄新品种青恋521的选育

青恋521是以D3-8-5为母本、TB1430-3-7为父本选育而成的无限生长型早熟番茄杂交1代新品种。该品种植株生长势强,普通花叶,叶色深绿,7~8节着生第1花序,花序间隔3片叶。中大果,幼果有绿果肩,成熟果粉色,果实圆形,硬度中,平均单果质量223 g。维生素C含量(w,后同)15.68 mg﹒100 g^(-1),总酸含量0.35%,可溶性固形物含量5.0%,可溶性总糖含量3.48%,番茄红素含量78.5 mg·kg^(-1),鲜食酸甜可口,品质佳。对番茄黄化曲叶病毒(tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)、番茄花叶病毒(tomato mosaic virus,TMV)、叶霉病、枯萎病及根结线虫病均有一定的抗性,综合抗性强。丰产性较好,平均667 m^(2)产量7563.4 kg。适宜于河南、山东、河北、陕西等地早春保护地及越冬温室种植。2021年获得农业农村部植物新品种权。