Effects of Different Analog Water-soluble Fertilizers on Flue-cured Tobacco

This study aimed to investigate the application effect of analog water-soluble fertilizer as an alternative of flue-cured tobacco-specific topdressing fertilizer. A field experiment was conducted, and the dry matter accumulation, intrinsic chemical composition, smoking quality and economic benefit of flue-cured tobacco were compared between analog water-soluble fertilizer and conventional fertilizer, The results showed compared with conventional fertilizer, analog water-soluble fertilizer increased the dry matter accumulation in flue-cured tobacco by 4.90%-16.70%, increased the yield of flue-cured tobacco by 6%-15%, and increased the output of flue-cured tobacco by 5%-14%. In terms of chemical composition, the flue-cured tobacco applied with analog water-soluble fertilizer was better than that applied with conventional fertilizer, except the nicotine content in the upper leaves, the potassium content in the middle leaves and the reducing sugar content. The smoking quality of both the upper and middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco in the analog water-soluble fertilizer treatment groups was better than that in the conventional fertilizer treatment group. In short, analog water-soluble fertilizer was better than conventional fertilizer, with advantages of lower cost （reduced by 381.60 yuan/hm2）, lower application amount （reduced by 165 kg/hm2） and higher utilization efficiency.

Screening Test of Water-soluble Fertilizers for Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)

[Objectives] This study was conducted to find water-soluble fertilizers( WSFs) suitable for watermelon cultivation in Hainan area.[Methods] The effects of three WSFs on watermelon yield and quality were studied.[Results]Fahai·Jiabao WSF improved watermelon yield by 7.87% compared with the CK,and showed a net increase of income of 538.4 yuan/667 m^2.And it could significantly improve soluble sugar,Vc and protein contents,and could effectively reduce nitrate content.[Conclusions]Fahai·Jiabao WSF is the optimal WSF for integration of water and fertilizer,and has the market prospect of large-area application and extension.

Evaluation of Application Effect of Silicon-containing Water-soluble Fertilizer on Fast Vegetables

[Objectives]The study aims to verify the application effect of silicon-containing water-soluble fertilizer on fast vegetables.[Methods]Two vegetable crops,rape and lettuce,were studied,and three treatments were set up,including treatment 1(conventional fertilization+foliar spraying of silicon-containing water-soluble fertilizer,treatment 2(conventional fertilization+foliar spraying of the same amount of clear water),and treatment 3(conventional fertilization).[Results]The yield of lettuce and rape in treatment 1 increased by 15.1%and 8.6%,respectively;compared with treatment 3,the yield of lettuce and rape rose by 18.6%and 10.9%,respectively.Variance analysis shows that the F values of lettuce and rape were 20.938 and 35.372,respectively,and the differences among various treatments were extremely significant.[Conclusions]The application of silicon-containing water-soluble fertilizer on lettuce and rape significantly increased their yield.

Effect of new specific fertilizer on the growth of peanut

Based on the soil nutrient condition of Fujian province and the nutritional characteristic of peanut, new specific peanut fertilizer was made with some new types of synergists and chemical fertilizers. In 2005, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of the new specific fertilizer on peanut at Gaobi town, Longyan city, Fujian province. The results showed that, the new specific fertilizer could relieve the inhibition of fertilizers on nodule formation of peanut, promote the growth of peanut plants, increase the yield of peanut and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, contrasted to common fertilizers. To compare with one time application of common fertilizers, the new specific fertilizer which was applied one time and twice had significant positive influences on yield of peanut and nutrient use efficiency, increased economic yield of peanut by 3.8% and 6.3%; improved nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium use efficiency by 3.9, 2.8, 4.3 and 4.5, 5.7, 7.4 percentage points respectively. Compared with twice applications of common fertilizers, the new specific fertilizer which was applied as the method above increased economic yield of peanut by 0.7% and 3.2%; improved nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium use efficiency by 0.3, 1.6, 0.5 and 0.9 4.5, 3.6 percentage points respectively.

Preparation and characterization of controlled-release fertilizers coated with marine polysaccharide derivatives

Encapsulation of water-soluble nitrogen fertilizers by membranes can be used to control the release of nutrients to maximize the fertilization ef fect and reduce environmental pollution.In this research,we formulated a new double-coated controlled-release fertilizer(CRF)by using food-grade microcrystalline wax(MW)and marine polysaccharide derivatives(calcium alginate and chitosan-glutaraldehyde copolymer).The pellets of water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer were coated with the marine polysaccharide derivatives and MW.A convenient and eco-friendly method was used to prepare the CRF.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)were used to characterize the morphology and composition of the products.The nitrogen-release properties were determined in water using UV-Vis spectrophotometry.The controlled-release properties of the fertilizer were improved dramatically after coating with MW and the marine polysaccharide derivatives.The results show that the double-coated CRFs can release nitrogen in a controlled manner,have excellent controlled-release features,and meet the European Standard for CRFs.

Determinants of Fertility Desires among HIV Positive Women Living in the Western Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea

The objective of this study was to identify determinants of fertility desires in HIV positive women living in the Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea, a male-dominated, patrimonial society. A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data in February, 2010. Two hundred and ninety one HIV-infected women participated in personal interviews using a structured questionnaire. Sixty-six percent of the respondents were in polygamous relationships. Thirty-four percent of the participants desired a child in the future. Chi-square tests revealed that variables associated with desire for a child were age, marital status, number of children, current co-habitation with a partner, duration of time with a partner, receipt of the bride price, domestic physical violence, sexual activity in the previous three months, partner’s desire for a child, and current contraceptive use. Using multiple logistic regression, a partner’s positive desire for a child was the strongest predictor, with an odds ratio of 13.04 (95% CI = 5.6 -29.91). Fertility desires were largely influenced by dominant culturally sensitive issues and the family-oriented culture. The integration of effective counseling and reproductive healthcare service into HIV clinics is recommended. Holistic, culturally-relevant and family-oriented reproductive health counseling should provide more positive outcomes for both HIV-infected women and their children.

Shanghai ＂The New Two--child Policy＂ research to the influential factors of fertility intentions

Shanghai is the country＇s highest-child ratio, the degree of aging of the most polluted cities, the only child into the social impact of large-scale marriage age caused by its breadth and depth will be much higher than other cities and regions. Based on the theory of reference, through empirical Shanghai and factors influencing fertility desires, according to factors that Shanghai alone couples second child restraint, make recommendations accordingly to provide a scientific basis for sound policy alone two births, further promote the ＂The New Two--child＂ policy implemented smoothly.

单身生育与多元形态家庭生活:育龄青年新生育现象

成长于全球化时代的中国新一代青年已进入生育年龄,他们具有高度个体主体意识,生育观念迥然于父辈,同时积极地在社交平台上展现前卫的生育观念,大龄女性青年单身生育就是其中之一。以社交媒体平台上单身生育博主的数字化内容为研究对象,通过探讨单身生育母亲对这一新生育行为的认知、动机和困惑发现,在社交平台上公开展演“无偶式育儿”的单身生育博主经济实力较强,对于自我生活具有高度的自主性,在享受单身生育幸福感的同时,她们也存在着对于父职缺席的文化困惑与情感需求。这种由女性主导生育的“新返祖行为”是经济和社会发展的必然产物,随着生育政策的调整和松动,中国的家庭生活将出现多元化的新趋势。

新型肥料对双季稻农艺性状及经济效益的影响

为探究新型肥料对沿江地区双季稻产量、干物质累积、周年经济效益和生产效率的影响,通过在2个不同地区设置常规复合肥、控失肥、脲甲醛复合肥和控释肥4个施肥处理,综合考察新型肥料对双季稻农艺性状及周年生产经济效益的影响。结果表明,早稻产量构成每穗粒数和结实率存在显著差异,干物质累积总量各处理之间无显著差异,与施用常规复合肥相比,周年产量最高的为施用新型控释肥处理,产量提高了5.4%,粮食生产效率提高了22.0%;周年净利润最高的为施用新型控失肥处理,提高了10.5%,新型控释肥料对双季稻周年产量和粮食生产效率提升效果明显,能够显著提高早稻的每穗粒数和结实率,新型控失肥对双季稻周年生产经济效益提升效果明显。

洛川县苹果园化肥减量增效施肥模式

作者根据国内知名土壤肥料专家的最新研究成果,结合洛川县苹果园近年来栽培实践、品种结构及土壤肥力变化情况,提出盛果期矮砧和乔砧苹果园3种模式的施肥技术方案,旨在为黄土区苹果园大面积示范推广化肥减量增效“三新”集成技术提供“洛川经验”。

New WHO-reference limits--revolution or storm n a teapot？

Since release of the latest WHO manual with the new lower reference values of semen parameters, a lot of discussion has been raised about their usefulness and appropriateness for assessment of male fertility. As with the previous reference values the new limits do neither allow an andrological diagnosis based on nosological criteria nor clear-cut differentiation between fertility and sub-/infertility. Therefore, considering the fact that fertility is a continuum, the new lower reference limits should not be overestimated. Most probably, more sperm function tests, such as determination of DNA integrity, and--in the future--assessment of biomarkers, such as sperm proteomics will be included into andrological work-up, thus resulting in a more personalized approach of infertility management. On the other hand, the detailed instructions for standard and advanced semen analysis provided in the new manual are very much appreciated and should be adopted by each seriously workin~ laboratory.

Organomineral Phosphorus Fertilization in the Production of Corn,Soybean and Bean Cultivated in Succession

The use of organic waste in agriculture has been used aiming at greater productivity, decrease in the cost of production and sustainable use of resources. The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of phosphate fertilization with the maintenance of organomineral fertilizers, combining poultry manure and soluble or reactive phosphate, in the production of grains in corn culture and the residual effect for subsequent crops of beans and soybeans. The experiment was conducted in Sete Lagoas, MG, in 2015, using three fertilizers with sources of different phosphorus sources (triple super phosphate—STP, organomineral with STP and organomineral with Bayovar phosphate) applied at the doses of 65, 130, 195 and 260 kg·ha¯1 of P2O5 total, and compared to the control without phosphate fertilization. We evaluated the contents of foliar P, P accumulation in the grains, yields of corn grains, beans and soy, accumulated productivity and export of accumulated P of the three cultures. The three cultures assessed presented higher productivity when compared to the average of the factorial treatments that received phosphate fertilization relative to the control. Organomineral fertilizers increased grain production, obtaining average productivity equal to or greater than those obtained with the exclusive use of STP.

农业高质量发展背景下的新型肥料发展

新型肥料因具有肥效更高、使用方便、省时省工、绿色环保等特点,深受市场青睐。农业高质量发展背景下,化肥减量增效的推行促使肥料产品及其配套施肥技术不断创新,新型肥料行业呈现产业规模不断扩大、行业内部竞争激烈、生产集中度持续上升等特点。为详细了解新型肥料产品,促进行业健康发展,总结了缓/控释肥料、水溶性肥料、土壤调理剂、增效肥料、微生物肥料5大类新型肥料及其创制技术,以及测土配方施肥、水肥一体化、智能化精准推荐施肥、轻简化施肥技术4种高效施肥技术及其应用情况;并分析了新型肥料产业存在的问题,如产品种类多、市场混乱,准入门槛低、产品质量参差不齐,关键技术薄弱、创新力度不足等;同时提出了以农业需求为导向,提高产业技术水平;以绿色低碳为目标,提升技术工艺体系;以专业化服务为方向,建立高素质从业人员队伍;以完善肥料监管体系为抓手,促进行业良性发展;以保证产品质量安全为重点,提高市场竞争力等发展建议。

“新农科”背景下土壤肥料学线上线下混合式教学的应用

在当前信息化技术快速发展的背景下,基于互联网的在线教育为教育教学改革和教学体系的构建带来了新的机遇与挑战。融合线上线下的混合式教学模式是对网络教学和传统课堂教学两种教学方式的优势互补与整合。本文以黑龙江八一农垦大学专业基础课土壤肥料学为例,依托超星学习通平台,构建线上线下混合式教学模式,实现课前预习、课中互动、课后复习、实验操作、全方位考核评价等多个教学环节有机结合,不仅有效提升学生学习主动性和积极性,而且强调过程性考核的重要性。新型教学模式有效促进网络教育与传统教育深度融合,进一步探索和强化课程内容,强调学以致用,为新时期现代农业建设培养具备坚实的理论基础和富有创新能力的农业应用型人才。

新阶段植物营养学的研究重点

植物营养学是研究营养元素在土壤-植物系统迁移、转化和利用规律的基础性学科,是支撑全球粮食安全、耕地质量安全、生态环境安全的重要学科。以组学技术和人工智能为代表的学科前沿不断拓展了植物营养学的研究范畴,同时,耕地高强度利用下如何实现作物高产、养分高效、生态健康等多重目标成为新阶段植物营养学的研究重点和难点。本文回顾了近年来植物营养学在营养遗传、养分循环、新型肥料、高效施肥等方向取得的创新进展,同时,基于我国植物营养学研究短板,提出了新阶段植物营养学研究的重点任务,主要包括作物养分高效与抗逆分子调控网络、土壤养分循环与微生物组功能挖掘、新型绿色高效肥料创制与应用、农田养分协同优化原理与方法等方面,旨在推动农业高质量发展,为保障粮食安全和农业绿色发展提供科技支撑。

我国新型肥料发展近十年回顾与展望

缓控释肥料、有机类肥料、水溶性肥料等新型肥料在推进氮肥利用效率提升、水肥一体化技术应用、养分协同利用、农业废弃物消纳上做出了重要的产品支撑,推动了新型肥料向绿色高效方向发展。与欧美发达国家相比,我国用肥强度高、化肥产品结构不均衡、缓控释肥释放期与作物吸收规律匹配度低、成本高、水溶肥质量不一等问题还较为明显。新型肥料的发展尚需在产品功能创新、与机械配合施肥、肥料剂型多样化、菌剂专用化、包膜层环保等方面深入开展工作,同时推动更多肥料企业加入新型肥料的研发和推广中,促进我国农业高质量发展。

钙添加对杉木新造林地土壤理化性质及有效养分元素含量的影响

为探究钙添加对林地土壤的改良效应,在杉木新造林地中分别按两种氮、磷肥量(N1:50 kg/hm^(2),N2:100 kg/hm^(2);P1:50 kg/hm^(2),P2:100 kg/hm^(2))与3种钙肥添加量(Ca0:0 kg/hm^(2),Ca1:100 kg/hm^(2),Ca_(2):200 kg/hm^(2))开展组合施肥试验,测定土壤理化性质与有效养分元素含量,分析钙添加对林地土壤环境的影响。结果表明:钙添加可以显著降低土壤容重,提高土壤pH、含水率,以及有机质、碱解氮、速效钾、交换性钙和交换性镁含量,对土壤有效磷含量的影响因氮、磷施肥处理不同而异;方差分析表明,土壤容重、pH,以及有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、交换性钙和交换性镁含量等7个指标受到不同施肥因子的影响极显著并存在极显著交互作用,土壤含水率则受不同钙添加量的极显著影响。土壤理化性质与有效养分元素含量之间具有较强的正相关性。在传统氮、磷肥施肥基础上添加钙肥有利于改善杉木人工新造林地土壤环境,缓解土壤酸化及提高土壤有效养分供给,提高杉木人工林质量。

生育新政下女性就业保障政策执行的制约因素与破解路径——基于史密斯政策执行过程模型

女性就业保障政策是落实三孩生育政策及配套支持措施和保障女性合法就业权益的重要政策工具。基于史密斯政策执行过程模型,通过探究生育新政下女性就业保障政策及其执行现状,构建政策、执行机构、目标群体、政策环境四个层面分析的理论框架,提出女性就业保障政策执行的制约因素有:政策体系尚未完善削弱其执行效果、多元治理机制阻滞且机构执行能力较弱、目标群体的自利性和认知欠缺引起执行偏轨、正式制度与非正式制度因素支持力度不足,并对此提出相关路径建议。

药肥一体化技术在诸城有机烟生产中的应用

为研究不同药肥组合处理对诸城烟叶质量提升的影响,通过建立有机肥替代化肥和新型生物农药替代传统农药等药肥一体化技术进行连续3 a的田间试验。结果表明,相比于常规施用方式,高比例有机肥加生物农药进行药肥一体化优化使用效果明显,2023年进行田间规模示范,烟叶农艺性状改善,病虫害的防治效果显著提升,产值提高。在诸城典型生态区设置了有机烟叶生产示范区,田间示范表明,烟叶质量安全水平显著提升。本研究可为潍坊乃至山东烟区烟叶高质量发展提供经验参考。

叶面钙肥预防核桃晚霜危害效果调查

对叶面钙肥预防核桃晚霜危害的情况进行了试验与分析,总结了叶面钙肥预防核桃晚霜危害的主要技术要点:在核桃发芽坐果期和在霜冻发生后的当天,及时喷施500倍叶面钙肥水混合液,对核桃霜冻后新萌枝的保护效果明显。试验地新萌枝数量是对照地的2.13倍;试验地新萌枝全部死亡数比率为18%,对照地为73.9%;试验地新萌枝仅顶端死亡芽数比率为25.9%,对照地为100%;试验地新萌枝仅叶受轻伤茎基本完好的芽数比率为15.2%,对照地为0%;霜冻后试验地腋芽萌发数比率为4.1%,对照地为0%;霜冻后试验地正常雌花幼果数比率为5.5%,对照地为0%。叶面钙肥不但对霜冻后新萌枝的保护效果明显,还可明显促进附芽和腋芽的再次萌发。