Progress of regional economic geography in China: a comparative study

Domestic and international literatures in economic geography in recent years showthat the disciplinary status of regional economic geography remains steay. Domesticliteratures prefer regional comprehensive development than that of international in theapplication fields. The process of establishing theoretical system with Chinese characteristocscontinues and has made some progress. The economic regions element theory, developmenttheory and management theory have been added to the already existed theory system. Theconstruction of comprehensive and integrated methodology system has initiated.

Environmental economic geography:Recent advances and innovative development

Modern environmental problems are the result of human-environment interaction in the process of industrial-ization.The relationship between economic development and environmental quality is an important aspect of understanding human-environment interaction and has been widely concerned by multidisciplinary researchers.Economic geography(EG)is a discipline that mainly focuses on the location and connections of economic activi-ties.EG has developed to environmental economic geography(EEG)by incorporating environmental factors into its research framework,considering the operational mechanism of the co-evolution of economy and environment,and the dynamic process of green transition of techno-economic paradigms.Studying the resource and environ-mental effects of R&D,production,trade,and other aspects of the economic cycle is beneficial to realizing the“greening”economy.This paper traces the background and theoretical development path of EEG and elaborates on the interaction between EEG and other research paradigms on environmental problems.In recent years,the focuses of EEG are as follows:(1)the“location-environment”relationship of production from the perspective of local actors;(2)the“GVC/GPN-environment”relationship of multinational enterprises and space of flows from the perspective of the global network;(3)the“trade/circulation-environment”relationship from the perspective of national linkages;and(4)the co-evolution of the economic system and environment from the perspective of synergistic evolution,with a focus on innovation and institutional forces.The future development trend of EEG is combined with the endogenous growth theory and the sustainable development theory,mainly from the aspects of endogenous,system integration and multi-scale,to explain the differences in environmental issues of differ-ent regional economic activities,and to promote the development of EEG theory and interdisciplinary research,strengthening the construction of global and regional sustainable development system.

An Evolutionary Economic Geography Perspective on Types of Operation Development in West Lake, China

The types of operation play a key role in facilitating tourism consumption and economic development in a tourism destination. By adopting evolutionary economic geography theory, the paper analyzes the types of operation in West Lake Scenic Area from 1978 to 2013. First, an evolution process consisting of four stages is underpinned, and they are: the new establishment stage, the preliminary development stage, the speedup development stage, and the stabilized maturity stage. Specifically, the distinct characteristics associated with operation types are compared and evaluated at different stages throughout the process. The evolution trees are introduced to scrutinize types of operation development. The results of evolution trees demonstrate the substantial increase in both numbers and types. Second, by applying GIS spatial analysis, the paper also analyzes the spatial evolution characteristics on the types of operation, and the results unveil the co-existence of centripetal and centrifugal forces: the processes of spatial agglomeration and spatial dispersion. More specifically, we recognize the spatial process includes the emergence of node and concentration(1978–1995), the sparse distribution and intensity reduction(1996–2002), the patchy distribution and spatial agglomeration intensification(2003–2008), the dispersed distribution and core area agglomeration(2009–2013). Lastly, path dependence on resource endowment, government and market innovation, knowledge learning and spillover can reasonably explain the types of operation evolution. In conclusion, the evolutionary economic geography theories provide new theoretical and empirical perspectives for tourism policy analysis. At the same time, our comprehensive evidences impart more comprehensive insights and offer useful managerial and policy implications.

Pattern of Opening Up,Integration and Reshaping Economic Geography——A New Economic Geography Analysis of the Belt and Road Initiative and the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the central government has implemented several regional development plans,including the Belt and Road Initiative and the Yangtze River Economic Belt,aiming to reshape the economic geography of China.This paper is based on the Belt and Road Initiative and the Yangtze River Economic Belt and outlines the pattern of opening up.To analyze the impact of the pattern of opening up on the regional integration of China's economic geography,this paper has developed a new economic geography model comprised of four regions and two countries.From this,it draws some conclusions.First,the change of pattern of opening up will lead to shifting centripetal and centrifugal forces from the international market.The greater the scale of neighboring markets,the stronger the agglomeration force will be; the more product varieties made in neighboring countries,the more potent its dispersion force.Second,developing an inland international trade corridor will decentralize industry distribution and reduce the impact of external market integration on home countries.Third,the inland international trade corridor could alter the effect of domestic market integration on the economic geography.When domestic integration occurs prior to international integration,further integration of a domestic market leads to greater industrial distribution along a bell-shaped curve,which describes economic activities from dispersion to agglomeration to decentralization.Therefore,developing an integrated market system of major countries and opening a corridor between China and Europe is not only the key to reshaping China's economic geography but also the path to solving the problems of the Heihe-Tengchong Line.

Geographical, Historical, Political and Economical Structure of

The research of the Russian issue in academic level has a great importance. The Putin-term Russian economy is inadvance, and it reminds of the great economy of the old Soviet Union. For that reason, Putin was given the nicknameof the new Russian Tsar. Putin is well-liked by the Russian citizens; as a person he is liked by a vast majority of theRussian population. Putin is indepted his great personality both to the successes achived from the Chechen War andto the numerous successes he has achieved in the economic stabilization since he undertook the management of Rsia. It is true that today Russia has no enough political and economical power to maintain the bipolar world as Ria has an economy of smaller than the one-tenth of the US economy. Nonetheless, Russia is still the secondsuper power of the world as she has nuclear weapons and more than 20 satellites in the space. Russia, today, is aself-sufficient country in having the technology of launching her own satellites, and the very first inventors of therocket technology are Russians. Today, Turkey has a lot to learn from Russia. Putin has been able to attract foreigncapital. The removal of the bureaucratic obstacles affecting the foreigners can be an example to this. Today, Turkeychooses the way of selling of the lands to attract the foreign capital. I think the selling of the lands is not a sensiblepolicy to attract foreign capital, and if the Russian model is adopted more efficient results can be obtained.

Emergy-based study on eco-economic system of arid and semi-arid region:a case of Gansu province,China

Taking Gansu province as a model case,this study provides an integrated analysis on the eco-economic system of arid and semi-arid region based on emergy synthesis theory. Through calculating the values of renewable emergy flow,non-renewable resources,imported emergy,exported emergy,waste emergy,and total emergy during the period of 1978-2007,the performance of Gansu eco-economic system was analyzed. The results indicated that the renewable emergy flow within the province basically remained steady state which was estimated at 2.99×1022 solar emjoules (sej) from 1978 to 2007. The imported emergy and exported emergy were estimated at 3.75×1017 sej and 2.99×1020 sej in 1978 and increased to 1.07×1022 sej and 1.44×1022 sej respectively in 2007. The nonrenewable emergy flow was estimated at 1.62×1022 sej and increased to 1.85×1023 sej,with annual growth rate of 8.7%,while the estimated total emergy was 4.58×1022 sej in 1978 and increased to 2.11×1023 sej in 2007,with annual growth rate of 5.41%. Our results indicate a deteriorate situation between economic development and environmental protection in the region. The rapid economic growth in the past thirty years was based on a great consumption of nonrenewable resource and caused continuous decrease in the capacity of sustainable development. The environmental loading ratio was 0.53 in 1978,increased to 6.06 in 2007,indicating a rapid degradation of the regional environment quality. We calculated that the actual population was 1.53 times the renewable resource population in 1978,increased to 7.06 times in 2007. During the period of 1978-2007,the emergy rose from 2.45×1015 sej/(capita·a) to 8.07×1015 sej/(capita·a). Our analysis revealed that the emergy density presented a trend of gradual increase,and then the emergy currency ratio in Gansu decreased from 7.08×1013 sej/Chinese Yuan to 7.82×1012 sej/Chinese Yuan.

Effect of regional factor productivity on manufacturing sector: The case of Sino-Pak economic ties

Introduction:Economic ties and trade blocs increase the flow of trade between participating countries and lead to different levels of economic and structural changes.Case description:This paper focuses on the structure of industrial value-added between China and Pakistan,as the two countries recently launched the CPEC(China-Pakistan Economic Corridor)project.Discussion and evaluation:This study utilizes panel data from 1995 to 2015 to test certain factor effects on regional value-added through econometric analyses.The results show that each country has its own economic growth rate and market size that respond differently to industrial value-added production.Conclusion:Aggregate factor productivity at China is higher than in Pakistan but growth in factor productivity in the latter is higher than the former;similarly,the share of bilateral trade is higher in the case of Pakistan.Although each country responds differently to the new economic ties,the macroeconomic results support bilateral economic ties between them.

A case research on economic spatial distribution and differential of agriculture in China ——An application to Hunan province based on the data of 1999, 2006 and 2010

This paper is to provide an empirical work for agricultural spatial distribution of agriculture. We consider the spatial location pattern in order to offer spatial views on the agricultural economic research and how Chinese agricultural economic spatial location pattern is forming, we also tested the agglomeration situation of agriculture and the process is going on in the future. The results indicate that the periphery areas exist significant differential among regions in Hunan province, China. It really presents some kinds of agglomeration pattern of agriculture and characteristic spatial autocorrelation;the biggest rate of contribution to the region agriculture economic gap is productivity per agriculture worker.

Economic Agglomeration Should Not Be Blamed for Widening Income Gaps in China

Agglomeration of economic activities is a common phenomenon across the world. Theoretical and empirical studies have shown that agglomeration promotes dynamic efficiency, which in turn is conducive to the long-term prosperity of a country＇s economy. Compared with most countries, in China is very low, and Chinese cities the spatial concentration of various industries are relatively small and equal-sized. Thus, it is unnecessary to contain the agglomeration of economic activities in China. Widening regional gaps since pro-market reforms and opening-up in China should be ascribed to institutional barriers rather than agglomeration. Therefore, China should refrain from containing agglomeration and instead focus on integrating product and factor markets and improving education and health care in less developed areas.

PROGRESS OF CHINESE REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY STUDIES IN RECENT TWENTY YEARS

Regional geography, embodying the regionality and integration, is the kernel of Geography. Since the 1980s, the Chinese geographers have extensively taken part in the social practical activities and made progress in physico geographical regionalization, economic regionalization, territorial (regional) development planning, construction of special economic zone, and integrated research in the major areas of China. Through these works, the theories of regional geography have been richened and the capacity participating in the social practice promoted as well. In China, many regional researches had been conducted respectively from the aspects of regional physico geography and regional economic geography, etc. According to the cases, this paper gives a review on the studies of regional geography during the latest two decades in China. It ought to be indicated that the natural and human components should be combined and the disciplines intersected and permeated, with the support of advanced technology. In order to serve the regional sustainable development, on the background of global change, this is an inevitable tendency for the development of the regional geography.

我国区域体育产业高质量发展的内在机制、现实困境与纾困之道

区域体育产业高质量发展是推动体育融入国家重大区域发展战略、促进形成新的经济增长极的重要方面。本研究基于新经济地理学理论,采用文献资料法和逻辑分析法,从产业协同集聚视角分析区域体育产业高质量发展的内在机制,剖析当前的现实困境,并提出纾困之道。研究认为,区域体育产业协同集聚是集聚力和扩散力相互作用的结果,政府应通过有效刺激集聚而避免扩散来促进区域体育产业高质量发展。目前,我国区域体育产业高质量发展面临要素流动壁垒有待破除、产业政策体系亟待优化、市场发展存在短板、数字体育建设滞后等多重现实困境。为此,提出打破制约要素流动的体制机制壁垒、健全区域体育产业政策体系、构建更高水平的区域体育有效市场以及全面提升数字化水平的纾困之道。

生态经济地理:一个有利于自然地理和人文地理融合的构想

回应当前学界关于自然地理与人文地理能否走向融合的讨论,文章构建了一个有利于自然地理与人文地理融合的生态经济地理分析框架,提出关注“人”作为本身级联产业、技术、制度系统复杂关联的地域巨系统的能动性变化,及其与生态系统之间的双向反馈关系,通过探讨环境变化和技术变革背景下人地系统耦合机制和调控途径,在综合权衡中寻找人类可持续发展的最佳答案。选用“桑-基鱼塘生态经济系统百年演变”“数据中心的‘数-能-水’系统级联”“生态修复规划的人文视角”3个案例来阐明生态经济地理的研究视角与思路。最后,围绕“格局―过程―关联―路径”的分析框架,提出了生态经济地理需重点关注的4个研究议题:生态系统与经济系统各要素耦合格局、不同系统间要素流动过程及影响、生态经济耦合系统的区域复杂关联、生态经济的可持续发展路径。以期以上述议题为牵引,加强自然与人文学者之间的相互协作,促进地理学科的融合发展,提升地理学解决综合性问题的能力。

国家重点产业规划、地方政府博弈与市场分割

国家重点产业规划是政府协调资源配置的重要“指挥棒”,但实施过程中地方政府的同质化竞争可能会给建设全国统一大市场带来市场分割的威胁。本文基于新经济地理学的建模思想,引入博弈论的分析范式,建立了在国家重点产业规划下地方政府间策略选择的竞争模型,并对博弈假设、核心结论和机制进行检验。研究发现:地方政府对国家重点产业规划的盲目追随会引发地方政府间的同质化竞争,进而可能加剧市场分割;设置“高墙”是地方政府的绝对占优策略,能否形成合理的产业分工格局与区域间技术交流及交易成本密切相关;地方保护与本地整体产能间呈现倒U形关系,持续高涨的区域壁垒不利于产能红利的释放。

基于《Economic Geography》的经济地理学知识图谱分析

以《Economic Geography》载文数据与引文数据为数据源,借助Citespace工具从作者与关键词两方面进行文献计量与知识图谱绘制,挖掘经济地理学研究的知识基础、学术群体与近期研究热点。研究表明:(1)纳入第一作者发文量、h指数、g指数等发文与引文双角度指标的作者学术影响力评价体系的结果更客观全面;(2)美英等国在经济地理研究中处于整体主导地位;(3)经济地理领域存在分别以Stopper M、Dicken P、Berry B J L、Casetti E为代表且秉承同一研究脉络的学术群体,且各时段研究议题侧重点不同;(4)经济地理研究关键词所涉面较宽,如全球化、创新、网络、集群、性别、劳动力、政治、政策等,尺度、组织、灵活性、政治、美国等关键词近年受关注度较多。

经济地理学与产业规划课程实践教学方法探索

经济地理学与产业规划是面向国土空间规划教学改革的创新课程,作为理论与实践结合的课程,课程实践教学在教学体系中具有重要地位。该文介绍在该课程实践的教学组织和教学方式中所做的创新探索工作,在课程组织可分为实习准备、实地考察、报告撰写和规划编制四个阶段开展教学工作,在教学方法上运用“CBL+PBL+TBL”的三轨教学方式,并强调做好师生互动在实践教学中发挥关键作用。

经济发展阶段、要素条件变化与区域产业演化路径:后发国家视角

演化经济地理学将知识与技术置于分析的核心位置,重点关注技术关联在发达国家区域产业演化中的重要作用。然而,对后发国家来说,劳动力与资本等要素条件处于动态变化之中,会影响技术关联的作用。本文以演化经济地理学理论为基础,吸收相关经济学理论的合理成份,构建1个新的分析框架,探讨区域产业演化路径的阶段性调整。本文将经济发展阶段划分为刘易斯二元经济阶段、越过刘易斯转折点后阶段和创新发展阶段,从刘易斯二元经济理论、增长理论、后发国家赶超理论和新熊彼特主义演化经济学等理论中提取3个经济发展阶段生产要素的主要变动特征,在此基础上分析不同发展阶段要素条件变化与技术关联综合影响下的区域产业演化路径。本文研究结果可对后发国家区域产业演化提供一定启示。

全球创新网络嵌入、人力资本结构与企业创新绩效

技术创新模式正由传统的线性和链式形态向多元主体共享合作的网络模式转变,企业创新的机遇与挑战并存。为此,本文基于熊彼特创新理论和新经济地理学的建模思想,构建了用于讨论全球创新网络嵌入、人力资本结构调整与企业创新绩效提升之间微观互动机制的理论模型,并运用2011—2019年上市公司数据对此进行实证检验。研究发现:企业嵌入全球创新网络的决策受人力资本结构的影响,二者与企业创新绩效间存在正向的循环累积效应;人力资本结构存在最优配置点,能够最大限度地激发企业创新绩效;地理区位、本地创新资源禀赋和企业所有制结构等外部市场环境也会影响企业的全球化进程和创新水平。研究表明,以全球视野谋划和推动科技创新,引导企业融入全球科技创新网络,协同人才结构优化策略,开创科技发展新格局,不仅是新时代我国企业提升国际竞争力的重要途径,也是建设科技强国的关键举措。

区域空间新格局下重塑中国经济布局的方向与途径

基于“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”的新发展理念,全面分析了区域空间新格局的细分特点、区域空间新格局重塑中国经济布局的方向和实现途径等。区域空间新格局分别以4大区域、带状经济区、重点城市群、都市圈集群和新型城镇化为依托,呈现出空间的板块化、骨架化、网络化、支点化和单元化特点。中国经济布局的方向主要包括缩小板块空间差距和促进区域重组、骨架空间的统筹与国土规划、网络空间联通和贸易自由、要素空间布局和产业协同、城乡空间联动与功能定位,可以通过发展板块重组和区域分化、生态功能和后方建设、陆海统筹和海洋经济、数字经济和产业安全、特殊地区和城乡融合来实现。

产品差异化和市场开放度对城市群空间结构的影响研究

城市群是提高地区经济增长和深入实施区域协调发展战略过程中的重要载体。本文尝试结合“新”新经济地理学模型和基于agent计算经济学对多重异质性下城市差异化对企业和人口的空间演化影响进行研究,建立了一个企业生产效率与规模、居民工资等多重异质性的两区域空间经济模型对城市间人口和企业迁移进行动态模拟以研究空间经济演化过程。结果表明:(1)无论是否存在市场进入和退出机制,小城市内部工业产品的差异性越大,越有利于企业和人口向小城市迁移,企业和人口倾向于分散。但是存在市场机制能提高城市内产品差异化对人口和企业迁移的吸引力。(2)城市群中小城市要更多的企业和人口,需要继续鼓励创新生产差异化产品,使城市内的产品更加多样化和差异化。(3)为了使城市内产品差异化发挥更大的作用,整个地区需要更加健全企业进入和退出的市场机制,使得有利可图的资本可以进入市场,同时亏损的企业能够退出市场或者转型升级和改制。

审计师与客户间地理距离对分析师预测的影响研究

区位作为制约信息传递的基础性因素,天然地影响着外部经济主体的信息获取成本及监督成本。审计与客户间地理距离差异如何影响审计监督效力一直颇受学者关注。本文基于2017-2021年事务所至企业注册地的距离数据,实证检验了审计与客户间地理距离差异对分析师预测准确度的影响。结果表明,审计师与客户地理临近能够通过提升审计质量、降低大股东侵占行为来提升分析师预测准确度。该提升效果在两权分离度越严重的样本中更加明显;在被审计单位和事务所交通便利、审计师具有行业专长的样本中,这种提升效果会被削弱。本文的研究从地理经济学视角丰富了审计与客户信息差异的经济后果研究。