New-onset hyperglycemia immediately after liver transplantation:A national survey from China Liver Transplant Registry

Background: New-onset hyperglycemia(NOH) is a common phenomenon after liver transplantation(LT),but its impact on clinical outcomes has not yet been fully assessed. We aimed to evaluate the etiology and prognosis of NOH within 1 month after LT.Methods: The data of 3339 adult patients who underwent primary LT from donation after citizen death between January 2010 and June 2016 were extracted from China Liver Transplant Registry database and analyzed. NOH was defined as fasting blood glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L confirmed on at least two occasions within the first post-transplant month with or without hypoglycemic agent.Results: Of 3339 liver recipients, 1416(42.4%) developed NOH. Recipients with NOH had higher incidence of post-transplant complications such as graft and kidney failure, infection, biliary stricture, cholangitis,and tumor recurrence in a glucose concentration-dependent manner as compared to non-NOH recipients(P < 0.05). The independent risk factors of NOH were donor warm ischemic time >10 min, cold ischemic time >10 h, anhepatic time >60 min, recipient model for end-stage liver disease score >30, moderate ascites and corticosteroid usage(P < 0.05). Liver enzymes(alanine aminotransferase and gammaglutamyltranspeptidase) on post-transplant day 7 significantly correlated with NOH(P < 0.001).Conclusions: NOH leads to increased morbidity and mortality in liver recipients. Close surveillance and tight control of blood glucose are desiderated immediately following LT particularly in those with delayed graft function and receiving corticosteroid. Strategic targeting graft ischemic injury may help maintain glucose homeostasis.

Balancing act:The dilemma of rapid hyperglycemia correction in diabetes management

The global diabetes surge poses a critical public health challenge,emphasizing the need for effective glycemic control.However,rapid correction of chronic hyperglycemia can unexpectedly trigger microvascular complications,necessitating a reevaluation of the speed and intensity of glycemic correction.Theories suggest swift blood sugar reductions may cause inflammation,oxidative stress,and neurovascular changes,resulting in complications.Healthcare providers should cautiously approach aggressive glycemic control,especially in long-standing,poorly controlled diabetes.Preventing and managing these complications requires a personalized,comprehensive approach with education,monitoring,and interdisciplinary care.Diabetes management must balance short and longterm goals,prioritizing overall well-being.This editorial underscores the need for a personalized,nuanced approach,focusing on equilibrium between glycemic control and avoiding overcorrection.

Heterogeneously elevated branched-chain/aromatic amino acids among new-onset type-2 diabetes mellitus patients are potentially skewed diabetes predictors

BACKGROUND The lack of specific predictors for type-2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)severely impacts early intervention/prevention efforts.Elevated branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs:Isoleucine,leucine,valine)and aromatic amino acids(AAAs:Tyrosine,tryptophan,phenylalanine)show high sensitivity and specificity in predicting diabetes in animals and predict T2DM 10-19 years before T2DM onset in clinical studies.However,improvement is needed to support its clinical utility.AIM To evaluate the effects of body mass index(BMI)and sex on BCAAs/AAAs in new-onset T2DM individuals with varying body weight.METHODS Ninety-seven new-onset T2DM patients(<12 mo)differing in BMI[normal weight(NW),n=33,BMI=22.23±1.60;overweight,n=42,BMI=25.9±1.07;obesity(OB),n=22,BMI=31.23±2.31]from the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province,Kunming,China,were studied.One-way and 2-way ANOVAs were conducted to determine the effects of BMI and sex on BCAAs/AAAs.RESULTS Fasting serum AAAs,BCAAs,glutamate,and alanine were greater and high-density lipoprotein(HDL)was lower(P<0.05,each)in OB-T2DM patients than in NW-T2DM patients,especially in male OB-T2DM patients.Arginine,histidine,leucine,methionine,and lysine were greater in male patients than in female patients.Moreover,histidine,alanine,glutamate,lysine,valine,methionine,leucine,isoleucine,tyrosine,phenylalanine,and tryptophan were significantly correlated with abdominal adiposity,body weight and BMI,whereas isoleucine,leucine and phenylalanine were negatively correlated with HDL.CONCLUSION Heterogeneously elevated amino acids,especially BCAAs/AAAs,across new-onset T2DM patients in differing BMI categories revealed a potentially skewed prediction of T2DM development.The higher BCAA/AAA levels in obese T2DM patients would support T2DM prediction in obese individuals,whereas the lower levels of BCAAs/AAAs in NW-T2DM individuals may underestimate T2DM risk in NW individuals.This potentially skewed T2DM prediction should be considered when BCAAs/AAAs are to be used as the T2DM predictor.

Rapid correction of hyperglycemia:A necessity but at what price?A brief report of a patient living with type 1 diabetes

BACKGROUND The correction and control of chronic hyperglycemia are the management goals of patients living with diabetes.Chronic hyperglycemia is the main factor inducing diabetes-related complications.However,in certain situations,the rapid and intense correction of chronic hyperglycemia can paradoxically favor the onset of microvascular complications.CASE SUMMARY In this case report,we describe the case of a 25-year-old woman living with type 1 diabetes since the age of 9 years.Her diabetes was chronic and unstable but without complications.During an unplanned pregnancy,her diabetes was intensely managed with the rapid correction of her hyperglycemia.However,over the following 2 years,she developed numerous degenerative microvascular complications:Charcot neuroarthropathy with multiple joint involvement,severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy,gastroparesis,bladder voiding disorders,and end-stage renal failure requiring hemodialysis.CONCLUSION In the literature to date,the occurrence of multiple microvascular complications following the rapid correction of chronic hyperglycemia has been rarely described in the same individual.

Hyperglycemia in COVID-19 infection without diabetes mellitus:Association with inflammatory markers

BACKGROUND New onset hyperglycemia is common in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection.Cytokine storm due to COVID-19 infection is an essential etiology for new-onset hyperglycemia,but factors like direct severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)-induced pancreaticβ-cell failure have also been postulated to play a role.AIM We plan to investigate further the mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced hyperglycemia,particularly the rationale of the cytokine-induced hyperglycemia hypothesis,by evaluating the association between inflammatory markers and new onset hyperglycemia in non-diabetic patients with COVID-19 infection.METHODS We conducted a retrospective case-control study on adults without diabetes mellitus hospitalized for COVID-19 infection.The serum levels of glucose and inflammatory markers at presentation before initiation of corticosteroid were collected.Hyperglycemia was defined as glucose levels≥140 mg/dL.C-Reactive protein(CRP)≥100 mg/L,ferritin≥530 ng/mL,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)≥590 U/L,and D-dimer≥0.5 mg/L were considered elevated.We used theχ2 test for categorical variables and the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and calculated the logistic regression for hyperglycemia.RESULTS Of the 520 patients screened,248 met the inclusion criteria.Baseline demographics were equally distributed between patients with hyperglycemia and those who were normoglycemic.Serum inflammatory markers in patients with or without new-onset hyperglycemia were elevated as follows:CRP(58.1%vs 65.6%,P=0.29),ferritin(48.4%vs 34.9%,P=0.14),D-dimer(37.1%vs 37.1%,P=0.76)and LDH(19.4%vs 11.8%,P=0.02).Logistic regression analysis showed LDH odds ratio(OR)=1.623(P=0.256).We observed significantly higher mortality(24.2%vs 9.1%,P=0.001;OR=2.528,P=0.024)and length of stay(8.89 vs 6.69,P=0.026)in patients with hyperglycemia.CONCLUSION Our study showed no association between CRP,ferritin,LDH,D-dimer levels,and new-onset hyperglycemia in non-diabetic patients with COVID-19 infection.It also shows an increased mortality risk and length of stay in patients with hyperglycemia.With new-onset hyperglycemia being closely associated with poor prognostic indices,it becomes pivotal to understand the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms behind the SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced hyperglycemia.We conclude that the stress hyperglycemia hypothesis is not the only mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced hyperglycemia but rather a multicausal pathogenesis leading to hyperglycemia that requires further research and understanding.This would help us improve not only the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 disease and inpatient hyperglycemia management but also understand the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and further management.

Intermediate hyperglycemia in early pregnancy:A South Asian perspective

“Intermediate hyperglycemia in early pregnancy(IHEP)”refers to mild hyperglycemia detected before 24 gestational weeks(GW),satisfying the criteria for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus.Many professional bodies recommend routine screening for“overt diabetes”in early pregnancy,which identifies a significant number of women with mild hyperglycemia of undetermined significance.A literature search revealed that one-third of GDM women in South Asian countries are diagnosed before the conventional screening period of 24 GW to 28 GW;hence,they belong in the IHEP category.Most hospitals in this region diagnose IHEP by oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)using the same criteria used for GDM diagnosis after 24 GW.There is some evidence to suggest that South Asian women with IHEP are more prone to adverse pregnancy events than women with a diagnosis of GDM after 24 GW,but this observation needs to be proven by randomized control trials.Fasting plasma glucose is a reliable screening test for GDM that can obviate the need for OGTT for GDM diagnosis among 50%of South Asian pregnant women.HbA1c in the first trimester predicts GDM in later pregnancy,but it is not a reliable test for IHEP diagnosis.There is evidence to suggest that HbA1c in the first trimester is an independent risk factor for several adverse pregnancy events.Further research to identify the pathogenetic mechanisms behind the fetal and maternal effects of IHEP is strongly recommended.

New-onset atrial fibrillation among COVID-19 patients: A narrative review

Over the last three years,research has focused on examining cardiac issues arising from coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection,including the emergence of new-onset atrial fibrillation(NOAF).Still,no clinical study was conducted on the persistence of this arrhythmia after COVID-19 recovery.Our objective was to co-mpose a narrative review that investigates COVID-19-associated NOAF,emphasi-zing the evolving pathophysiological mechanisms akin to those suggested for sustaining AF.Given the distinct strategies involved in the persistence of atrial AF and the crucial burden of persistent AF,we aim to underscore the importance of extended follow-up for COVID-19-associated NOAF.A comprehensive search was conducted for articles published between December 2019 and February 11,2023,focusing on similarities in the pathophysiology of NOAF after COVID-19 and those persisting AF.Also,the latest data on incidence,morbidity-mortality,and management of NOAF in COVID-19 were investigated.Considerable overlaps between the mechanisms of emerging NOAF after COVID-19 infection and persistent AF were observed,mostly involving reactive oxygen pathways.With potential atrial remodeling associated with NOAF in COVID-19 patients,this group of patients might benefit from long-term follow-up and different management.Future cohort studies could help determine long-term outcomes of NOAF after COVID-19.

维生素D3减轻高糖暴露诱导氧化应激促进人脐带间充质干细胞的成骨分化

背景:糖尿病骨质疏松症逐渐受到公众的关注,然而鲜有研究报道高糖环境对人脐带间充质干细胞成骨分化的影响和相应的治疗策略。目的:探讨维生素D3恢复高糖环境中人脐带间充质干细胞成骨分化的潜力。方法:通过CCK-8法检测人脐带间充质干细胞活力来筛选适宜的维生素D3干预浓度。在高葡萄糖条件下,通过RT-qPCR、蛋白质印迹、免疫荧光、JC-1线粒体膜电位、茜素红染色和β-半乳糖苷酶染色等实验评估维生素D3干预后人脐带间充质干细胞的成骨分化潜能、细胞内活性氧积累、线粒体膜电位改变和细胞衰老情况,并探讨了潜在的机制。结果与结论:①维生素D3在0.1μmol/L至1 mmol/L范围内均能显著促进人脐带间充质干细胞的增殖;②高糖环境下调了人脐带间充质干细胞中成骨相关基因α1-Ⅰ型胶原蛋白、碱性磷酸酶、Runt相关转录因子2、骨钙蛋白的mRNA和蛋白表达水平,诱发了氧化应激和细胞衰老;③维生素D3在10μmol/L的干预浓度下显著恢复了高糖条件下人脐带间充质干细胞的成骨表型,并通过激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路减轻了细胞内的氧化应激和细胞衰老;④结果表明,高糖环境中人脐带间充质干细胞的成骨分化能力降低,维生素D3可以部分提高其成骨分化能力并减轻细胞损伤。

肾上腺意外瘤型亚临床库欣综合征患者手术前后高血糖情况及变化分析

背景 亚临床库欣综合征(SCS)是肾上腺意外瘤的常见亚型,但目前对于SCS患者高血糖与高皮质醇分泌的相关性分析及术后变化情况鲜有报道。目的 评价肾上腺意外瘤SCS患者高血糖的患病情况及其术后变化。方法 收集2010—2021年上海大学附属仁和医院(上海市宝山区仁和医院)诊治的124例患者资料并进行统计分析。对其中36例SCS患者(SCS组)、41例肾上腺腺瘤型库欣综合征患者(CSA组)及47例肾上腺无功能瘤患者(NAA组)行口服糖耐量检查(OGTT),并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、葡萄糖曲线下面积(AUC Glu)、胰岛素曲线下面积(AUC Ins),检测患者血皮质醇、尿皮质醇、血促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)等激素测值,将所得结果与53例受试者(对照组)进行比较。SCS组、CSA组所有患者均经手术治疗,采用Pearson相关性分析比较SCS组、CSA组激素与糖代谢测值的相关性。结果 SCS组、CSA组、NAA组、对照组高血糖患病率分别为41.7%、51.2%、25.5%及24.5%。SCS组患者糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、糖负荷后2 h胰岛素(2 hPIN)、AUCGlu及AUCIns均高于对照组(P<0.05),CSA组患者空腹胰岛素(FIN)、AUCIns及HOMA-IR均高于SCS组、NAA组及对照组(P<0.05),CSA组患者HbA1c、FPG、糖负荷后2 h血糖(2 hPPG)、2 hPIN及AUCGlu均高于NAA组、对照组(P<0.05)。剔除性别、年龄影响,SCS组患者HbA1c、2 hPPG与8:00、16:00血皮质醇、尿游离皮质醇呈正相关(r=0.68,0.657,0.522,P<0.05;r=0.569,0.544,0.369,P<0.05),FPG与8:00血皮质醇呈正相关(r=0.434、P<0.05),AUCGlu与8:00、16:00血皮质醇呈正相关(r=0.397,0.409,P<0.05);CSA组患者HbA1c、FPG、2 hPPG、AUCGlu与8:00、16:00血皮质醇呈正相关(r=0.748,0.631,0.669,0.602,P<0.05;r=0.674,0.655,0.640,0.624,P<005),2 hPIN与8:00血皮质醇呈正相关(r=0.319,P<0.05)。SCS组、CSA组患者术后与术前相比,血皮质醇、尿皮质醇水平下降(P<0.05)。SCS组患者术后与术前相比,2 hPIN、AUCIns下降(P<0.05);CSA组患者术后与术前相比,FIN、2 hPIN、AUCGlu、AUCIns及HOMA-IR均下降(P<0.05)。SCS组、CSA组患者术后高血糖的患病率分为33.3%及39.0%。结论 SCS患者高血糖的患病率升高,其原因与皮质醇的高分泌有关。手术治疗后高血糖情况得以改善。

应激性血糖升高比值联合糖化血红蛋白水平对老年急性缺血性脑卒中病人静脉溶栓后出血转化的预测价值

目的 探讨应激性血糖升高比值(SHR)联合HbA1c对老年急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)病人静脉溶栓后出血转化(HT)的预测价值。方法 纳入2018年6月至2020年12月连云港市第一人民医院和江苏大学附属医院接受重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓AIS老年住院病人共234例,依据急性期内复查CT或MRI结果,将病人分为HT组(n=50)和非HT组(n=184)。收集并比较2组病人临床基线资料。采用多因素Logistic回归分析老年AIS病人rt-PA静脉溶栓后HT的危险因素,应用ROC曲线分析SHR、HbA1c及二者联合预测老年AIS病人rt-PA后HT的价值。结果 2组年龄、溶栓前NIHSS评分、FPG、HbA1c水平,房颤、TOAST分型和梗死大面积比例差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明:高水平SHR(OR=39.443,95%CI:1.847~842.343)、HbA1c(OR=1.777,95%CI:1.091~2.859)以及大面积梗死(OR=3.093,95%CI:1.359~7.036)是老年AIS病人rt-PA静脉溶栓后HT的独立危险因素。HbA1c、SHR及二者联合预测老年AIS病人rt-PA静脉溶栓后HT风险的AUC分别为:0.631(95%CI:0.541~0.721)、0.656(95%CI:0.654~0.748)、0.741(95%CI:0.665~0.816)。HbA1c联合SHR预测的AUC显著大于两指标单独预测,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论 高水平SHR和HbA1c是老年AIS病人rt-PA静脉溶栓后HT的独立危险因素,两者联合可更好地预测老年AIS病人rt-PA静脉溶栓后HT风险。

骨盆骨折后术前下肢深静脉血栓形成预测模型探讨

目的研究骨盆骨折后术前下肢深静脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis,DVT)形成的危险因素,并探讨列线图预测模型。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2022年1月就诊(受伤24 h内)并收入急诊重症监护病房的骨盆骨折患者665例。根据患者就诊即刻血糖、糖化血红蛋白(hemoglobin A1c,HbA1c)计算应激性血糖升高比值(stress hyperglycemia ratio,SHR)。根据是否发生下肢DVT分为血栓组和非血栓组,血栓组236例,其中男165例,女71例;年龄18~89岁,中位年龄56岁。非血栓组429例,其中男312例,女117例;年龄19~92岁,中位年龄49岁。比较两组人口学特征、实验室指标、创伤严重程度评分(injury severity score,ISS)等资料;采用Logistic回归分析筛选血栓组的危险因素;采用受试者工作曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)分析危险因素对下肢DVT患者的预测价值。结果血栓组与非血栓组在年龄、ISS、血红蛋白、血小板、白蛋白、血糖、SHR、24 h红悬输血量及住院天数方面,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,50~69岁(OR=2.02,95%CI:1.40~2.95,P<0.001)、70岁以上(OR=4.74,95%CI:2.57~8.97,P<0.001)、ISS(OR=1.57,95%CI:1.11~2.23,P=0.012)、血红蛋白100~124 g/L(OR=0.53,95%CI:0.36~0.80,P=0.002)、血红蛋白>124 g/L(OR=0.32,95%CI:0.21~0.50,P<0.001)、SHR(OR=1.64,95%CI:1.12~2.41,P=0.011)是下肢DVT发生的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析显示,年龄、ISS、血红蛋白及SHR预测下肢DVT的ROC曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)分别为0.63、0.59、0.64、0.57,总面积为0.72。将上述危险因素纳入列线图模型,AUC和自举法内部验证后模型预测结果与实际结果一致。结论年龄、ISS、血红蛋白及SHR是骨盆骨折患者术前下肢DVT形成的独立危险因素。基于logistic回归模型建立的列线图预测模型对骨盆骨折术前下肢DVT发生有较好的预测效能。

植物性饮食模式在代谢综合征防治中的研究进展

我国经济的快速发展,人民群众物质生活水平的不断提高,使得肥胖、高血糖、高血脂、高血压等的患病率在不断提高,这组由于人体的脂类、蛋白质、碳水化合物发生代谢紊乱的病理状态,称为代谢综合征。目前我国心脑血管疾病、2型糖尿病以及肿瘤等的发病率不断攀升与代谢综合征的高发密不可分。植物性饮食是指以植物性食物为主的饮食模式,主要包括全谷类、豆类、坚果类、水果和蔬菜等。有文献报道,植物性饮食模式有助于降低代谢综合征的发病风险。本文综述了植物性饮食模式在防治代谢综合征中的研究进展,旨在为慢性病的防治提供参考。

高血压、血糖及血脂代谢异常与痛风发作部位和发作次数的关系分析

目的探讨高血压、血糖及脂代谢异常与痛风发作部位和发作次数之间的关系。方法收集84例痛风患者的临床资料,记录患者的性别、年龄、身高、体质量、BMI、合并疾病、发作部位、发作次数等,比较不同发作部位临床指标间的差异,以及合并糖尿病、高血压、高脂血症者在不同时间点间发作次数的差异,采用Spearman秩相关分析年龄、BMI与发作次数间的关系。结果84例痛风患者中,男82例、女2例。年龄(37.95±10.16)岁,身高170(165,175)cm,体质量76(70,83)kg,BMI 26.5(24.6,29.3)kg/m^(2);合并糖尿病7例(8%)、高血压18例(21%)、高脂血症16例(19%)。患者发病部位以下肢为主,其中跖趾关节(38.10%)与踝关节(35.71%)最为多见,合并高血压、血糖及脂代谢异常与痛风发作部位无关(P均>0.05)。合并高血压的痛风患者在1个月、6个月、1年内的发作次数均多于未合并高血压的痛风患者(P均<0.05),且合并高血压的痛风患者发作次数随时间增加而增多(任意两个相邻时间点间比较P均<0.05/6)。痛风患者的BMI与总体1年内累计的发作次数呈正相关(r_(s)=0.28,P<0.05)。结论合并高血压的痛风患者发作次数多于无合并高血压的痛风患者,且发作次数随时间增加而增多,应积极控制痛风患者的血压及BMI,进而减少其发作次数。

miR-375靶向PI3K/AKT通路在高糖诱导的人视网膜内皮细胞增殖和血管生成中的作用

目的探讨miR-375靶向磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(AKT)通路对高糖诱导的人视网膜内皮细胞(hRECs)增殖和血管生成的影响机制。方法体外培养hRECs,对hRECs进行转染及双荧光素酶检测。hRECs分为对照组、高糖组、高糖+miR-375组、高糖+miR-375+LM22B-10组。采用CCK-8实验检测细胞增殖能力,采用血管形成实验检测细胞血管形成能力,采用RT-qPCR检测hRECs内miR-375和PI3K mRNA的表达情况,采用Western blot检测hRECs内PI3K、p-AKT/AKT蛋白表达的情况。结果与对照组比较,高糖组、高糖+miR-375组、高糖+miR-375+LM22B-10组培养48 h和72 h时hRECs增殖活力、PI3K和p-AKT/AKT的蛋白表达水平、血管形成能力和PI3K mRNA表达均显著升高,而miR-375表达降低(均为P<0.05);与高糖组比较,高糖+miR-375组培养48 h和72 h时hRECs增殖活力、PI3K mRNA和蛋白以及p-AKT/AKT的蛋白表达水平、血管形成能力均降低,而miR-375表达升高(均为P<0.05);与高糖+miR-375组比较,高糖+miR-375+LM22B-10组培养48 h和72 h时hRECs增殖活力、血管形成能力和p-AKT/AKT蛋白表达水平均升高(均为P<0.05),而miR-375、PI3K mRNA差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。转染miR-375模拟物和PI3K野生型载体后,hRECs中相对荧光素酶活性分别较转染miR-375阴性对照、转染PI3K突变型载体后显著降低(均为P<0.05)。结论miR-375靶向抑制PI3K/AKT通路可抑制高糖诱导的hRECs增殖和血管生成,进而缓解DR。

ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者应激性高血糖比值对新发心房颤动的影响

目的:探索应激性高血糖比值(stress hyperglycemia ratio,SHR)对ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)新发心房颤动(new-onset atrial fibrillation,NOAF)的预测价值。方法:本研究为回顾性队列研究,入选2018年6月至2020年1月,于上海市第二康复医院诊断为STEMI并且行PCI术的437例患者。根据SHR水平分为两组:低SHR组:SHR<0.83(n=214)和高SHR组:SHR≥0.83(n=223)。SHR由以下公式确定:入院血糖/[(28.7×HbA1c%)-46.7]。主要终点是30天NOAF及3年NOAF。采用Cox回归模型分析SHR与30天NOAF和3年NOAF的相关性。绘制局部加权回归散点平滑(locally weighted scatterplot smoothing,Lowess)曲线评估SHR水平对NOAF结局的影响。同时采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析和曲线下面积(AUC)评估SHR对3年NOAF的预测效能。结果:高SHR组的患者血糖水平、hs-CRP水平、口服降糖药比例较高。多因素回归分析发现高SHR与STEMI患者的3年NOAF风险增加独立正相关(HR=2.24,95%CI:1.06~4.74,P=0.034)。Lowess曲线表明:SHR作为连续变量,与3年NOAF风险呈“J”型相关。ROC曲线表明:SHR对于3年NOAF结局具有较好的预测能力(AUC=0.711,95%CI:0.666~0.754)。结论:作为一项较易获得的实验室指标,在临床中SHR可作为STEMI患者的3年NOAF发生的预测因子。

Blood glucose-lowering activity of protocatechuic acid is mediated by inhibiting a-glucosidase

α-Glucosidase inhibitors are effective in controlling postprandial hyperglycemia,which play crucial roles in the management of type 2 diabetes.Protocatechuic acid(PCA)is one of phenolic acids existing not only in various plant foods but also as a major microbial metabolite of dietary anthocyanins in the large colon.The present study investigated the inhibitory mechanism of PCA on a-glucosidase in vitro and examined its effect on postprandial blood glucose levels in vivo.Results from in vitro experiments demonstrated that PCA was a mix-type inhibitor of a-glucosidase.Driven by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions,PCA reversibly bound withα-glucosidase to form a stable a-glucosidase-PCA complex in a spontaneous manner.The computational simulation found that PCA could insert into the active cavity of a-glucosidase and establish hydrogen bonds with catalytic amino acid residues.PCA binding aroused the steric hindrance for substrates to enter active sites and caused the structural changes of interacted catalytic amino acid residues.PCA also exhibited postprandial hypoglycemic capacity in diabetic mice.This study may provide the theoretical basis for the application of PCA as an active ingredient of functional foods in dietary management of diabetes.

代谢综合征与阿尔茨海默病的相关性及机制研究进展

近期研究发现代谢综合征(MetS)患者有认知功能下降甚至向痴呆进展的趋势,而阿尔茨海默病(AD)是痴呆最重要的分型。本文回顾总结既往研究中MetS导致的认知功能障碍与AD发病的相关性,指出有较多证据支持MetS作为整体及其组分中的高血压、高血糖是AD的危险因素,而胰岛素抵抗、神经慢性炎症、脂肪因子紊乱等在发病过程中起到重要作用,因尚缺乏可有效延缓或逆转AD病理进展的治疗方案,期待以相对可治MetS为干预靶标,为早期防治AD综合策略的制订提供科学证据。

信息化血糖管理在胰十二指肠切除患者中的应用

目的探讨信息化血糖管理在胰十二指肠切除患者中的应用效果。方法选取64例胰十二指肠切除患者按随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各32例,观察组采用实时动态血糖监测系统,按血糖调控方案调整静脉泵注胰岛素用量;对照组采用传统血糖监测方法,按比例通过中和葡萄糖静脉输注胰岛素。对比2组患者术后1~3 d、4~6 d血糖平均值及并发症发病率、平均住院日。结果观察组术后1~3 d、4~6 d血糖平均值分别为(5.8±0.4)mmol·L^(-1)、(5.4±0.5)mmol·L^(-1),对照组分别为(7.8±1.6)mmol·L^(-1)、(7.3±1.5)mmol·L^(-1),组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组与对照组术后并发症总体发病率(9.4%vs 34.4%)及平均住院日[(14.6±3.2)d vs(16.5±3.7)d]比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论实时动态血糖监测对胰十二指肠切除患者进行精细信息化血糖管理,可使血糖控制在理想水平,有利于减少术后并发症,缩短平均住院日。

Nutrition interventions and clinical outcomes of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: More than meets the eye

In the retrospective study by Luo et al regarding clinical outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),the results are statistically significant in favour of the benefits of individualized nutrition interventions enumerated therein.The study has provided important evidence to improve maternal and child health in the Asian population.The methods,however,appear to have considerable limi-tations,wherein the time point of diagnosis of GDM,severity of GDM,selection bias,compliance to therapy,important maternal covariates,observable microvascular abnormalities and the confounding effect of added insulin have not been considered.We have provided suggestions to improve the external validity of the study,including the use of Equator Network reporting guidelines and inclusion of overweight and obese patients in future studies.

Chiglitazar and Thiazolidinedione in patients with type 2 diabetes:Which is better?

This published Meta-Analysis by Lin et al is an indirect comparison between two drugs Chiglitazar and Thiazolidinedione which are commonly used for glycemic control in type-Ⅱ diabetes mellitus.In terms of safety and efficacy,this Meta-Analysis is inconclusive.