Ni-Al-V合金L1_2相间有序畴界面的微观相场模拟

利用微观相场动力学模型模拟Ni-Al-V合金沉淀过程中L1_2(Ni_3Al)相间有序畴界面,对界面结构及其界面处原子的行为进行了研究.结果表明:L1_2相间存在3种稳定的平移界面以及2种过渡界面;界面的迁移性与界面结构有关,一个L1_2相的(100)和另一个L1_2相的(200)对应且有两个Ni原子面的界面以及(100)和(100)对应且有两个Ni原子面的稳定界面可以迁移,迁移前后界面结构保持不变,迁移的过程中形成过渡界面;而(100)和(200)对应且有一个Ni原子面的稳定界面则不可迁移.合金元素在不同的界面处有不同的偏聚和贫化倾向,Al原子在所有界面处贫化,V原子在所有界面处偏聚,Ni原子在可迁移界面处贫化,而在不可迁移界面处偏聚,且各元素在不同的界面处偏聚以及贫化程度不同.

Ni-Al-V合金DO_(22)相间有序畴界面的微观相场模拟

利用微观相场动力学模型模拟Ni-Al-V合金沉淀过程中DO22(Ni3V)相沿[100]和[001]方向形成的有序畴界面,对界面结构及其界面处合金元素的成分进行了研究。结果表明:DO22相沿[100]和[001]方向形成3种稳定界面,且都不可以迁移;界面性质与界面结构有关,(002)//(100)界面处易析出L12相,主要存在于沉淀早期;(002)//(100)·?[100]界面在沉淀后期易形成一种过渡界面;{110}孪晶界面则是三类界面中相对常见和稳定的界面;合金元素在不同的界面处有不同的偏聚和贫化倾向,在所有的界面处V原子贫化而Ni原子偏聚,Al原子在(002)//(100)·?[100]界面处贫化,在其它界面处偏聚,且各元素在不同的界面处偏聚以及贫化程度也不一样。

高Cr铸造Ni基高温合金K4648的显微组织

真空感应熔炼高Cr铸造Ni基高温合金K4648,重熔浇注成等轴晶成形试棒。对薄截面试棒和厚截面中柱管浇道进行(1180℃,4h)固溶处理和(1180℃,4h)+(900℃,16h)标准热处理。铸态和热处理态试样通过光学金相、定量金相、扫描电镜及能谱分析和X射线衍射分析确定合金中相的种类、形貌和成分。结果表明:K4648合金铸态组织中主要存在γ基体、初生α相和MC碳化物;初生α相是Ni、Mo和W在Cr中的过饱和固溶体,其中Ni含量(摩尔分数)可达30%以上,本研究中的α相可命名为α-(Cr,Ni);在0.2N载荷下,该α相的维氏显微硬度值为6.3GPa,是一种硬而脆的相;经(1180℃,4h)固溶处理,初生α相和MC碳化物都会回溶,并且转变为M23C6碳化物,M23C6碳化物比初生α相具有更高的Cr含量和更低的Ni含量。固溶处理后特别是在厚截面试样中还残存未转变的α相和MC碳化物。(1180℃,4h)+(900℃,16h)标准热处理后,合金内部广泛析出片状次生α相和γ′-Ni3(Al,Ti,Nb)相,且在晶界区补充析出粒状M23C6碳化物,起到强化合金的作用。

有序畴界原子结构及其迁移特征的微观相场研究(英文)

利用微观相场模型研究了DO22(Ni3V)相间有序畴界原子层次的结构及其迁移特征。研究表明:界面的迁移性与界面结构有关。界面的迁移过程中,V原子跃迁至最近邻的Ni格点处并与之交换,原子的跃迁行为具有位置选择性。原子跃迁行为的位置选择性使得界面迁移前后界面结构保持不变。界面迁移过程及其特征可以用过渡界面来表征,每一种可迁移界面都按照自有的原子跃迁模式进行迁移,并且在迁移的过程中只形成一种独特的过渡界面,界面迁移过程中的原子跃迁模式是诱导界面迁移的热力学和动力学最优化路径。

Coal-based reduction mechanism of low-grade laterite ore

A low-grade nickel laterite ore was reduced at different reduction temperatures. The morphology of metallic particles was investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）. Experimental results indicate that the metallic nickel and iron gradually assemble and grow into larger spherical particles with increasing temperature and prolonging time. After reduction, the nickel laterite ore obviously changes into two parts of Fe-Ni metallic particles and slag matrix. An obvious relationship is found between the reduction of iron magnesium olivine and its crystal chemical properties. The nickel and iron oxides are reduced to metallic by reductant, and the lattice of olivine is destroyed. The entire reduction process is comprised of oxide reduction and metallic phase growth.

Thermodynamic optimization of Bi-Ni binary system

Based on the available experimental data,the Bi-Ni binary system was optimized thermodynamically by the CALPHAD method.The solution phases,including liquid,fcc_A1（Ni） and rhombohedral_A7（Bi）,were described as substitutional solution phases,of which the excess Gibbs energies were expressed with the Redlich-Kister polynomial.The intermetallic compound,BiNi,was modeled using three sublattices（Bi）（Ni,Va）（Ni,Va） considering its crystal structure（NiAs-type） and the compatibility of thermodynamic database in the multi-component systems,while Bi3Ni was treated as a stoichiometric compound.Finally,a set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters formulating the Gibbs energies of various phases in this binary system were obtained.The calculated results are in reasonable agreement with the reported experimental data.

Calculation of phase diagram of Ti-Ni-O system and application to deoxidation of TiNi alloy

The Ti-Ni-O ternary system was assessed by means of Calphad method using ternary experimental data in previous study.Isothermal sections at 1 173 and 1 273 K were calculated.The result shows that the present calculated results are in good agreement with most of the experimental results.The consistent model parameter set determined in this work may provide theoretical guidance for the deoxidation of TiNi alloy.

Effects of annealing at 800 and 1000℃ on phase precipitates and hardness of Al_(7)Cr_(20)Fe_(x)Ni_(73)−x alloys

The effects of Fe content on the microstructure,phase constituents and microhardness of the as-cast,800℃or 1000℃-annealed Al_(7)Cr_(20)Fe_(x)Ni_(73)−x(x=13−66)alloys were investigated.Not all these alloys are composed of the single FCC phase.The BCC and B2 phases are found.It is confirmed that the BCC phase in the Al7Cr20Fe66Ni7 alloy is transformed from the FCC phase at about 900℃ during cooling.While in the 800℃-annealed Al7Cr20Fe60Ni13 alloy,the FCC phase is stable and the hardness decreases.After annealing at 1000℃,for the precipitation of the B2 particles,the Al content in the FCC phase decreases,which results in decreasing of the alloy hardness.Moreover,after annealing at 800℃,a small amount of Al-rich B2 particles precipitate at the phase boundary and some nanocrystal BCC phase precipitates in the FCC matrix,which increases the hardness of the Al_(7)Cr_(20)Fe_(x)Ni_(73)−x(x=41−49)alloys.These results will help to the composition design and processing design of the Al−Cr−Fe−Ni based high-entropy alloys.

Cu对Fe-NiAlMn合金析出强化过程的影响

将Fe-NiAlMn和Fe-CuNiAlMn合金在900℃固溶2 h后水淬,并在500℃时效不同时间。利用显微硬度测试和原子探针层析技术(APT)研究Cu的添加对Fe-NiAlMn合金析出强化过程的影响。结果表明:Cu的添加增强了时效初期的析出强化效果,加快了整个析出强化进程。时效过程中,Cu元素首先偏聚形核成为富Cu相,并促使Ni,Al,Mn元素在富Cu相与基体界面处偏聚形核形成Ni(Al,Mn)相,两相为核壳结构。随着时效时间的延长,富Cu相由BCC结构转变为FCC结构,与Ni(Al,Mn)相逐渐分离。

Measurement of phase equilibria in Ti-Ni-Sn system

Phase relations of the Ti-Ni-Sn ternary system were investigated via alloy sampling assisted with X-ray diffractometry(XRD)and electron probe micro-analysis(EPMA).A new binary phase with composition of TiSn4(molar fraction,%)was detected at 508 K.In addition,a supplementary phase(Ti1-x-yNixSny)Ni3(τ,AuCu3-type)was observed at 873 and 973 K.According to the characterised microscopic structure in various annealed alloys,four ternary phases were detected in Ti-Ni-Sn ternary system:TiNiSn,TiNi2Sn,Ti2Ni2Sn and(Ti1-x-yNixSny)Ni3.Additionally,isothermal sections of Ti-Ni-Sn ternary system at 508,873 and 973 K were constructed.By comparing three isothermal sections,a peri-eutectic reaction,L+TiNi2Sn→Ni3Sn4+TiNiSn,was deduced,which occurs at a temperature between 873 and 973 K.Furthermore,the solubility of Sn in TiNi and Ni in Ti5Sn3 was detected.

Phase transformation behavior of Al_9(Mn,Ni)_2 eutectic phase during heat treatment at 600°C in Al-4Ni-2Mn alloy

The morphology evolution and phase transformation of Al9(Mn,Ni)2 eutectic phase in an Al-4Ni-2Mn alloy during heat treatment at 600°C were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Results show that nearly all of the eutectic fibers change into prolate ellipsoid and spherical particles in the process of heat treatment,and Ostwald ripening phenomenon occurs in the eutectic region with the increase of the heat treatment time.Besides,a phase transformation from Al9(Mn,Ni)2 to O-phase is confirmed.The morphologies of the transformed particles indicate that the O-phase preferentially nucleates on the specific crystal plane of the Al9(Mn,Ni)2 eutectic phase and grows in a certain direction.During the phase transformation,the(010)[001]slip system in O-phase is activated,and the resultant slip traces appear on the surface of some O-phase particles.

Thermodynamic assessment of Ni-Yb binary system

On the basis of the experimental data of phase equilibria and thermochemical properties available from literatures, a critical assessment for the Ni?Yb binary system was carried out using the CALPHAD (calculation of phase diagrams) method. The liquid phase is modeled as the associate model with the constituent species Ni, Yb and YbNi3, owing to the sharp change of the enthalpy of mixing of liquid phase at the composition of around 25% Yb (mole fraction). The terminal solid solutions FCC_A1 (Ni/Yb) and BCC_A2 (Yb) are described by the substitutional solution model with the Redlich?Kister polynomial. The intermetallic compounds, Yb2Ni17, YbNi5, YbNi3, YbNi2, α-YbNi and β-YbNi, are treated as strict stoichiometric compounds, since there are no noticeable homogeneity ranges reported for these compounds. A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters for the Ni?Yb binary system are obtained. According to the presently assessed results, the thermochemical properties and the phase boundary data can be well reproduced.

Effect of Sn substitution and heat treatment on microstructure and microhardness of Co_(38)Ni_(34)Al_(28-x)Sn_x magnetic shape memory alloys

Sn was used to replace Al in Co38Ni34Al28 alloy. The microstructure and microhardness of Co38Ni34Al28-xSnx （x=0, 1, 2, 3） magnetic shape memory alloys were investigated at different heat treatment temperatures （1373 K, 1473 K, and 1573 K） for 2 h. The results show that more Sn substitution reduces the content of γ-phase and a partial phase of martensite can be obtained in Co38Ni34Al28-xSnx （x=1, 2, 3） alloys after treatment at 1573 K for 2 h. The maximum martensite phase appears when 2% Al is substituted by Sn. The reverse martensitic transformation temperature of Co38Ni34Al28-xSnx alloys increases at x=1 and 2, then decreases as x=3. As the content of Sn and the temperature increase, the microhardness will increase.

Phase equilibria in Ti-Ni-Pt ternary system

Phase equilibria in Ti?Ni?Pt ternary system have been experimentally determined through diffusion triple technique combined with alloy samples approach.Assisted with electron probe microanalysis(EPMA)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)techniques,isothermal sections at 1073 and 1173 K of this system were constructed and existence of ternary phase Ti2(Ni,Pt)3 was confirmed.In addition,binary compounds Ti3Pt5 and TiPt3-were found to be stable at 1073 and 1173 K,and remarkable ternary solubility in some binary compounds was detected,e.g.,solubility of Pt in TiNi can be up to about 36%(molar fraction)at 1073 K and 40%(molar fraction)at 1173 K.Furthermore,a ternary invariant transition reaction TiNi3+Ti3Pt5→Ti2(Ni,Pt)3+TiPt3+at a temperature between 1073 and 1173 K was deduced.

Effects of solution-aging treatment on microstructures and properties of Ti-55.06%Ni-0.3%Cr alloy

The effects of solution-aging treatment on the microstructures, mechanical properties and internal friction of Ti- 55.06%Ni-0.3%Cr （mole fraction） alloy were investigated by means of tensile test, dynamic mechanical analysis （DMA） and spherical aberration electron microscopy （SAEM）. The results show that the aged alloys with Cr3Ni2 phase always exhibit higher tensile strength and hardness than those of solution-treated alloy without Cr3Ni2 phase, and the aging peak temperature presents at 375 ℃. It is also found that the internal friction peak （tan 6） value decreases with increasing the frequency. There are two internal friction peaks corresponding to the B2（austenite）→R and R→M（martensite） transformations upon cooling, but only one corresponding to the reverse M→B2 transformation upon heating in both solution-treated and 375 ℃-aged alloys, due to the superposition of Mand R phase transformation. Besides, the position of internal friction peaks in the alloy after aging at 375 ℃ shifts to higher temperature. This is attributed to the decrease of Cr and Ni content, and the decline of lattice deformation and transformation resistance, all of which are related to the precipitation of Cr3Ni2 phase in the solution-aged alloys.

Effect of Ni/Fe ratio on activation sintering and mechanical properties of molybdenum nickel iron alloy

In order to improve the low ductility of the Mo-Ni alloy,Fe is added and the effects of Ni/Fe mass ratio on the densification behavior,microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of alloy were investigated.The experimental results show that when iron is added to 95Mo-5Ni alloy,the formation of brittle intermetallic phaseδ-MoNi at the grain boundary is avoided.Meanwhile,the grain growth of Mo is also effectively inhibited in the sintering process.However,the addition of iron reduces the degree of densification of alloy since the activation effect of Ni is superior to that of Fe.From the experimental results,it could be concluded that the maximum hardness and bending strength are achieved by 95Mo-1.5Ni-3.5Fe alloy,which are HV 614 and 741 MPa,respectively.Combined with the analyses of bending fracture mechanism,the improvement relative to Mo-Ni alloy is likely attributed to the inhibition of the brittle phase.

Electrodeposition and corrosion behavior of Zn-Ni-Mn alloy coatings deposited from alkaline solution

The potentiostatic electrodeposition of Zn-Ni-Mn was carried out in an alkaline solution with the addition of Mn salt.The effects of electrolyte Mn2+concentration and deposition potential on the surface morphology,phase structure and corrosion behavior of coatings were studied.The results of corrosion polarization showed that the presence of higher Mn content in Zn-Ni-Mn coatings could lead to the formation of a good passive layer with a 7-fold increase in Rp of coating and a significant decrease in the corrosion current density compared to those of Zn-Ni coating.The XRD and the XPS analyses from the surface of Zn-Ni-Mn after corrosion test showed that the passive layer was composed of zinc hydroxide chloride,zinc oxide,zinc hydroxide carbonate,and manganese oxides.

Microstructure, martensitic transformation and mechanical properties of Ni-Mn-Sn alloys by substituting Fe for Ni

The effects of partial substitution of Fe element for Ni element on the structure,martensitic transformation and mechanicalproperties of Ni50-xFexMn38Sn12(x=0and3%,molar fraction)ferromagnetic shape memory alloys were investigated.Experimentalresults indicate that by substitution of Fe for Ni,the microstructure and crystal structure of the alloys change at room temperature.Compared with Ni50Mn38Sn12alloy,the martensitic transformation starting temperature of Ni47Fe3Mn38Sn12alloy is decreased by32.5K.It is also found that martensitic transformation occurs over a broad temperature window from288.9to352.2K.It is found that themechanical properties of Ni-Mn-Sn alloy can be significantly improved by Fe addition.The Ni47Fe3Mn38Sn12alloy achieves amaximum compressive strength of855MPa with a fracture strain of11%.Moreover,the mechanism of the mechanical propertyimprovement is clarified.Fe doping changes the fracture type from intergranular fracture of Ni50Mn38Sn12alloy to transgranularcleavage fracture of Ni47Fe3Mn38Sn12alloys.

Monodisperse Ni-clusters anchored on carbon nitride for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

The active sites of monodisperse transition metal Ni-clusters were anchored on carbon nitride(CN)by an in situ photoreduction deposition method to promote the efficient separation of photogenerated charges and achieve high-efficiency photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution.The Ni-cluster/CN exhibited a photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 16.5 mmol·h^(-1)·g^(-1) and a total turnover frequency(TOF(H_(2)))value of 461.14 h^(-1).X-ray absorption spectroscopy based on synchrotron radiation indicated that CN had two reaction centers to form stable interface interactions with monodispersed Ni-clusters,in which carbon can act as an electron acceptor,while nitrogen can act as an electron donor.Meanwhile,the hybrid electronic structure of the Ni-cluster/CN system was constructed,which was favorable for photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production.An in-depth understanding of the interfacial interaction between CN and Ni-clusters will have important reference significance on the mechanistic study of development based on the cocatalyst.

Metal and Ligand Control on Structure and Functions of Ni（Fe）ARD： Role of Supramolecular Structures

Role of Ni（Fe）-macrostructures due to H-bonds in mechanisms of Ni（Fe）ARD action in methionine salvage pathway is discussed. The AFM method was used to research the possibility of the formation of stable supramolecular nanostructures based on Ni（Fe）ARD model systems {Ni（acac）2 ＋ L2 ＋ Tyr} （L2 = NMP （NMP = N-Methyl-2-pirrolidone）, His （His = L-Histidine）, Tyr （Tyr = L-Tyrosine）---with the assistance of intermolecular H-bonds. In the course of scanning of investigated samples, it has been found that the structures based on model systems are fixed on a surface strongly enough due to H-bonding. The self-assembly-driven growth of the supramolecular structures on modified Silicone surface based on researched complexes, due to H-bonds and perhaps the other non-covalent interactions was observed.