Ni/ZrO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)催化剂催化沼气蒸汽重整制氢性能研究

沼气蒸汽重整是重要的制氢方式,开发高效稳定的催化剂是其规模化应用的重要环节。基于此,采用连续浸渍法制备了一系列基于ZrO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)复合载体的Ni基催化剂,对其进行了沼气蒸汽重整制氢催化性能测试。利用N_(2)吸/脱附、XRD等表征方法,分析了催化剂的织构性质、晶相组成等。探究了催化剂的物理结构和化学性质对沼气蒸汽重整制氢的影响机制,并探讨了焙烧温度与金属助剂Fe对催化剂催化性能的影响。结果表明,在700°C、空速12000 h^(-1)条件下,焙烧温度为550°C制得的Ni/ZrO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)表现出突出的催化性能,CH_(4)转化率和H_(2)产率分别稳定在89.94%和81.49%。ZrO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)复合载体相比于Al_(2)O_(3)载体增大了催化剂的比表面积,促进了平均粒径较小的Ni在载体表面的高度分散,进而提高了催化剂的催化沼气蒸汽重整制氢性能。焙烧温度可以调控催化剂的比表面积和孔体积,焙烧温度为550°C制得的Ni/ZrO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)的比表面积和孔体积比焙烧温度为700°C制得的Ni/ZrO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)大。Fe与ZrO_(2)的耦合改性提升了催化剂的还原性能,生成了更多高活性Ni^(0),有利于甲烷干重整制氢反应的发生,调控了气体产物中的n_(H_(2))/n_(CO)。

Hydrogen production by steam reforming of acetic acid and bio-oil using Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts

Hydrogen production from steam reforming of bio-oil and acetic acid using Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was studied in a laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor.This study selected different Ni loadings(16.8%and 30.5%)in Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts and reaction temperatures(500°C,600°C and 700°C)as variables to optimize the hydrogen yield and selectivity of gases formed.Experiments were carried out in an isothermal manner.The catalysts were prepared on wet impregnation of aγ-Al2O3 which supported with two different Ni loadings.The principal gases generated were H2,CO,CO2 and CH4.The results from steam reforming of acetic acid showed that the yield and selectivity of hydrogen using the catalyst with 30.5%Ni were significantly higher than that with 16.8%Ni.The results showed that the most favorable temperature for hydrogen production was 600°C,and the steam reforming of bio-oil using Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst with 30.5%Ni showed that the yields and selectivity of H2 and CO2 increased with the temperature increasing while CH4 and CO selectivity decreased.These results showed that the most favorable temperature for hydrogen production from bio-oil using 30.5%Ni/γ-Al2O3 was 600°C,at which hydrogen yield was at its maximum of 65%.

Hydrodeoxygenation of Anisole over Ni/α-Al2O3 Catalyst

Ni-based catalysts supported on di erent supports （α-Al2O3,γ-Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, and ZrO2） were prepared by impregnation. Effects of supports on catalytic performance were tested using hydrodeoxygenation reaction （HDO） of anisole as model reaction. Ni/α-Al2O3 was found to be the highest active catalyst for HDO of anisole. Under the optimal conditions, the anisole conversion is 93.25% and the hydrocarbon yield is 90.47%. Catalyst characteriza-tion using H2-TPD method demonstrates that Ni/α-Al2O3 catalyst possesses more amount of active metal Ni than those of other investigated catalysts, which can enhance the cat-alytic activity for hydrogenation. Furthermore, it is found that the Ni/α-Al2O3 catalyst has excellent repeatability, and the carbon deposited on the surface of catalyst is negligible.

Support Effects on Thiophene Hydrodesulfurization over Co-Mo-Ni/Al_2O_3 and Co-Mo-Ni/TiO_2-Al_2O_3 Catalysts

A carbon-based sulfonated catalyst was prepared by direct sulfonation and carbonization （in moderate conditions：200 ＆#176;C, 12 h） of red liquor solids, a by-product of paper-making process. The prepared sulfonated cata-lyst （SC） had aromatic structure, composed of carbon enriched inner core, and oxygen-containing （SO3H, COOH, OH） groups enriched surface. The SO3H, COOH, OH groups amounted to 0.74 mmol·g^-1, 0.78 mmol·g^-1, 2.18 mmol·g^-1, respectively. The fresh SC showed much higher catalytic activity than that of the traditional solid acid catalysts （strong-acid 732 cation exchange resin, hydrogen type zeolite socony mobile-five （HZSM-5）, sulfated zir-conia） in esterification of oleic acid. SC was deactivated during the reactions, through the mechanisms of leaching of sulfonated species and formation of sulfonate esters. Two regeneration methods were developed, and the catalytic activity can be mostly regenerated by regeneration Method 1 and be fully regenerated by regeneration Method 2, respectively.

Autothermal reforming of methane over Ni catalysts supported over ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3

Ni catalysts supported on Al2O3, ZrO2-Al2O3, CeO2-Al2O3 and ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 were prepared by coprecipitation method, and their catalytic performances for autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen were investigated. The Ni-supported catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR and XPS. The relationship between the structures and catalytic activities of the catalysts was discussed. The results showed that the catalytic activity and stability of the Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst was better than those of other catalysts with the highest CH4 conversion, H2/CO and H2/COx ratio at 750 ℃. The catalyst showed a little deactivation along the reaction time during its 72 h on stream with the mean deactivation rate of 0.08%/h. The catalytic performance of the Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst was also affected by reaction temperature, no2 ： nCH4 molar ratio and nH2O ： nCH4 molar ratio. TPR, XRD and XPS measurements indicated that the formation of ZrO2-CeO2 solid solution could improve the dispersion of NiO, and inhibit the formation of NiAl2O3, and thus significantly promoted the catalytic activity of the Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst.

Syngas production by combined carbon dioxide reforming and partial oxidation of methane over Ni/α-Al_2O_3 catalysts

Ni/α-Al2O3 catalysts were found to be active in the temperature range 600 ～ 900℃ for both CO2 reforming and partial oxidation of methane.The effects of Ni loading,reaction temperature and feed gas ratio for the combination of CO2 reforming and partial oxidation of CH4 over Ni/α-Al2O3 were investigated.Catalysts of xwt%Ni/α-Al2O3（x=2.5,5,8 and 12） were prepared by wet impregnating the calcined support with a solution of nickel nitrate.XRD patterns and activity tests have verified that the 5wt%Ni/α-Al2O3 was the most active catalyst,as compared with the other prepared catalyst samples.An increase of the Ni loading to more than 5wt% led to a reduction in the Ni dispersion.In addition,by combining the endothermic carbon dioxide reforming reaction with the exothermic partial oxidation reaction,the loss of catalyst activity with time on stream was reduced with the amount of oxygen added to the feed.

Evaluation of H2 Influence on the Evolution Mechanism of NOx Storage and Reduction over Pt–Ba–Ce/c-Al2O3 Catalysts

In this investigation, Pt–Ba–Ce/c-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and experiments were performed to evaluate the influence of H2 on the evolution mechanism of nitrogen oxides (NOx) storage and reduction (NSR). The physical and chemical properties of the Pt–Ba–Ce/c- Al2O3 catalysts were studied using a combination of characterization techniques, which showed that PtOx, CeO2, and BaCO3, whose peaks were observed in X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra, dispersed well on the c-Al2O3, as shown by transmission electron microscope (TEM), and that the difference between Ce3+ and Ce4+, as detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), facilitated the migration of active oxygen over the catalyst. In the process of a complete NSR experiment, the NOx storage capability was greatly enhanced in the temperature range of 250–350℃, and reached a maximum value of 315.3μmol·gcat^-1 at 350℃, which was ascribed to the increase in NO2 yield. In a lean and rich cycling experiment, the results showed that NOx storage efficiency and conversion were increased when the time of H2 exposure (i.e., 30, 45, and 60 s) was extended. The maximum NOx conversion of the catalyst reached 83.5% when the duration of the lean and rich phases was 240 and 60 s, respectively. The results revealed that increasing the content of H2 by an appropriate amount was favorable to the NSR mechanism due to increased decomposition of nitrate or nitrite, and the refreshing of trapping sites for the next cycle of NSR.

Role of La_2_O3 as Promoter and Support in Ni/γ-Al_2O_3 Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Methane

The nature of support and type of active metal affect catalytic performance. In this work, the effect of using La203 as promoter and support for Ni/γ-A1203 catalysts in dry reforming of methane was investigated. The reforming reactions were carried out at atmosphenc pressure in the temperature range of 500-2700℃. The activity and stability of the catalyst, carbon formation, and syngas （H2/CO） ratio were determined. Various techniques were applied for characterization of both fresh and used catalysts. Addition of La2O3 to the catalyst matrix improved the dispersion of Ni and adsorption of CO2, thus its activity and stability enhanced.

Ni-Fe/γ-Al_2O_3双金属催化剂的制备及其CO甲烷化性能研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备了Ni-Fe/γ-Al2O3双金属催化剂和Ni/γ-Al2O3、Fe/γ-Al2O3单金属催化剂,在连续流动微反装置上考察了催化剂的CO甲烷化催化活性,采用XRD、N2物理吸附、H2-TPR、H2-TPD和TPSR等手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,Ni-Fe/γ-Al2O3双金属催化剂中Ni、Fe之间产生了明显的相互作用,还原后催化剂中形成Ni-Fe合金,对氢气吸附量显著增加。在CO体积分数为0.5%、空速5000 h-1、常压的反应条件下,Ni-Fe/γ-Al2O3双金属催化剂表现出高的甲烷化活性,220℃时将CO完全转化为甲烷。

不同镍盐前驱物对CH_4-CO_2重整Ni/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍方法以γ Al2 O3为载体 ,以硝酸镍、氯化镍、醋酸镍为前驱盐分别制备了三种催化剂Ni N、Ni Cl、Ni Ac ,并应用于催化CH4 CO2 重整反应 ,考察了它们的反应性能 ,通过BET、TPR、XRD、XPS、TGA、H2 TPD等方法对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明 ,由不同镍盐制备的催化剂中 ,镍物种的存在状态明显不同 ,在催化剂的制备过程中镍盐中的阴离子影响着镍离子在催化剂中的分散及存在状态。三种催化剂中Ni N具有较好的催化性能和抑制积碳性能 ,这与Ni N中镍物种与载体之间产生较强相互作用、经还原后获得金属镍的分散度高、晶粒小密切相关。

Growth of carbon nanotubes on the novel FeCo-Al_2O_3 catalyst prepared by ultrasonic coprecipitation

FeCo-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by an ultrasonic coprecipitation （UC） method for the growth of carbon nanotubes （CNTs） from catalytic decomposition of methane.Its catalytic performance was compared with that of the FeCo-Al2O3 catalyst counterparts prepared by stepwise impregnation （I） and conventional coprecipitation （C） methods,respectively.The structure and properties of the catalysts and the CNTs as produced thereon were investigated by means of XRD,XPS,TEM and N2 adsorption techniques.It was found that the catalyst prepared by the ultrasonic coprecipitation method was more active,and the yield and purity of the synthesized CNTs were promoted evidently.The XPS results revealed that there were more active components on the surface of the catalyst prepared by the ultrasonic coprecipitation method.On the other hand,N2 adsorption demonstrated that the catalyst prepared by the ultrasonic coprecipitation method conferred larger specific surface area,which was beneficial to dispersion of active components.TEM images further confirmed its higher dispersion.These factors could be responsible for its higher activity for the growth of CNTs from catalytic decomposition of methane.

钡改性的Ni/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂用于甲烷部分氧化的研究

800℃、80 000h-1、CH4/O2/N2=14/7/79下比较了质量分数20%的N i/-γA l2O3和Ba改性的N i/-γA l2O3催化剂,用于甲烷部分氧化反应的活性和选择性。结果表明,Ba的添加提高了镍基催化剂的活性和稳定性。BET和XRD表明,Ba的加入有利于高温焙烧下抑制大颗粒的N iA l2O4的形成,保持了高比例的活性镍组分,提高了催化剂催化活性。常压下,xCH4接近100%,sCO、sH2达到92.2%和98.1%,催化剂15h内活性稍微下降。Ba的加入使A l2O3的晶型转化温度由800℃提高到900℃,提高了载体的稳定性。

Ni/CeO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂上CH_4-CO_2转化积炭性能的研究

采用脉冲微量反应技术研究了添加 n型半导体氧化物 Ce O2 对 Ni基催化剂上 CH4积炭 /CO2 消炭性能的影响 ,用 TPR,XPS和氢吸附技术对催化剂进行了表征 .结果表明 ,活性金属原子 Ni与半导体氧化物Ce O2 之间存在金属 -半导体相互作用 ( MSc I) ,Ce O2 的添加提高了活性原子 Ni0的 d电子密度 ,在一定程度上抑制了 CH4分子中 C—Hσ电子向 d轨道的迁移 ,降低了 CH4裂解积炭活性 ;可加强 Ni0原子 d轨道向CO2 空反键 π轨道的电子迁移 ,促进 CO2 分子的活化 ,提高 CO2 的消炭活性 ,使 Ni/Ce O2 -Al2 O3 催化剂具有较强的抗积炭性能 .

Effect of Ball-Milling Time on the Performance of Ni-Al2O3 Catalyst for 1,4-Butynediol Hydrogenation to Produce 1,4-Butenediol

The Ni-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by the mechanochemical method in combination with a planetary ballmilling machine.Effect of milling time on the crystal structure,the reduction characteristics and the catalytic performance of Ni-Al2O3 catalyst for hydrogenation of 1,4-butynediol to produce 1,4-butenediol were investigated.The catalysts were characterized by PSD,EDX,XRD,H2-TPR,BET,TEM,and NH3-TPD methods.Results showed that the MCt2.5 catalyst treated at a ball milling time of 2.5 h could form a smallest particle size of 191.0 nm.The evaluation experiments revealed that the activity of the prepared catalyst increased at first and then reached a constant value with the extension of ballmilling time.The BYD conversion,BED selectivity and yield on the MCt2.5 catalyst reached 35.63%,33.48%and 32.46%,respectively,which were higher than those obtained by other samples.The excellent performance of MCt2.5 sample is mainly related to the following three reasons from characterization results.Firstly,it has a smallest particle size of 191.0 nm;and then,the surface acidity(in terms of strong acids)of the catalyst was weaker than other catalysts;and eventually,the loading amount(23.84%)of the active component Ni exceeded the theoretical value(20%).

Reforming of Methane by CO2 over Bimetallic Ni-Mn/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst

γ-Al2O3 supported Ni-Mn bimetallic catalysts for CO2 reforming of methane were prepared by impregnation method. The reforming reactions were conducted at 500-700℃ and atmospheric pressure using CO2/CH4/N2 with feed ratio of 17/17/2, at total flow rate of 36 mL/min. The catalytic performance was assessed through CH4 and CO2 conversions, synthesis gas ratio （H2/CO） and long term stability. Catalytic activity and stability tests revealed that addition of Mn improved catalytic performance and led to higher stability of bimetallic catalysts which presented better coke suppression than monometallic catalyst. In this work, the optimum loading of Mn which exhibited the most stable performance and least coke deposition was 0.5wt%. The fresh and spent catalysts were characterized by various techniques such as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, the temperature programmed desorption CO2- TPD, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, EDX, and infrared spectroscopy.

Ni^(2+)在γ-Al_2O_3上的分散状态及负载型Ni/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂的α-蒎烯加氢活性(英文)

用X-射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫散射光谱(UV-VisDRS)、程序升温还原(TPR)、CO化学吸附和微反测试等方法研究了Ni2+在γ-Al2O3上的分散状态和负载型Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂的α-蒎烯加氢催化活性。结果表明,当Ni2+负载量远低于其在γ-Al2O3载体表面分散容量时,Ni2+优先嵌入载体表面四面体空位,随着Ni2+负载量的增加,嵌入载体表面八面体空位Ni2+的比例增大。由于八面体Ni2+易被还原为金属态Ni0,NiO/γ-Al2O3样品的还原度随Ni2+负载量的增加而大幅度地增加,经氢还原所得Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂的CO吸附量和α-蒎烯加氢催化活性大幅度增加。对La2O3助剂的作用进行了研究,结果表明分散在γ-Al2O3上的La3+物种可阻止Ni2+嵌入γ-Al2O3表面四面体空位,增大了八面体Ni2+物种所占比例,提高了催化剂的还原度,故Ni-La2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂催化活性高于Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂。

Co-Ni/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂上乙醇催化氨化合成乙腈反应的本征动力学

引言乙腈是一种重要的溶剂和化工原料,广泛用于有机合成、农药、医药、石油化工、表面活性剂以及高分子材料等领域。此外,由于高纯乙腈对紫外线的吸收为零,并且具有独特的物理化学性质,因此,乙腈在高压液相色谱、电化学以及分光光度法分析中作为溶剂广泛使用[1]。目前。

Ni/γ-Al_2O_3中助剂的加入对于CH_4/CO_2重整反应性能的影响

以含量为 2 %的K、Cu、La、Mg、Ca、Ba、Mo、Ce等多种金属作为助剂分别加入Ni/γ Al2 O3 催化剂样品中 ,并对其分别用于CH4 /CO2 重整反应时的活性和积碳量进行了考察。研究结果表明 :加入助剂后的各种催化剂的活性变化不一。其中 ,以含Ca的催化剂效果最好 ,其甲烷的转化率可由原来的 71 91%增加到 72 92 % ,其次为La。但所有加入助剂后的催化剂的抗积碳性能均有所提高 ,特别是碱金属K的添加 ,使催化剂表面积碳量降到了 0 1%。这表明添加碱金属或碱土金属助剂 ,对提高Ni/γ Al2 O3 催化剂在CH4 /CO2

Mo-Ni-P浸渍液的配制及其与γ-Al_2O_3载体的相互作用

用不含Na^+、NHT杂质的MoO_3·H_(2)O、NiCO_3代替moO_3、2Ni(OH)_5·NiCO_3为原料配制的Mo-Ni-P浸渍液具有配制时溶解迅速和久置无沉淀等优点.氨溶实验和XRD测试结果表明,用此浸渍液制得的氧化态样品,MoO_3、NiO氨不溶残留量存在一阈值,残留物Al_2(MoO_1)_3、NiAl_2O_1是由_yNiO·MoO_3·zH_2O(y=1～2)与γ-Al_2O_3作用的结果.组分P有抑制Mo、Ni与载体作用的能力.TPP测试表明,组分P可通过与载体作用,减少NiO的还原干扰;载体还能降低MoO_3还原温度.

P改性NiW/γ-Al_2O_3的低温焦油芳烃组分加氢性能研究

以γ-Al2O3为载体,采用浸渍法制备了不同P添加量的负载型NiW加氢催化剂,采用固定床加氢装置,对模型化合物萘和低温焦油富集的芳烃组分进行了催化加氢。催化剂采用N2吸附、XRD、H2-TPR、XPS以及NH3-TPD的方法进行表征,加氢产物采用GC-MS和GC×GC-TOFMS进行分析。结果表明,P助剂能够扩大催化剂的孔径并促进活性金属组分在载体表面的分散;当P含量为1.0%1.5%时,能够促进Ni-W-O混合相生成,并提高催化剂表面弱酸的含量;萘加氢反应的转化率和十氢萘的选择性也在添加1.0%的P时达到最高,分别为80%和50%左右;低温焦油芳烃组分的催化加氢结果显示,芳烃饱和加氢反应占优,绝大部分芳烃转化为环烷烃,且催化剂具有显著的脱除杂原子效果。