The design and fabrication of Co3O4/Co3V2O8/Ni nanocomposites as high-performance anodes for Li-ion batteries

The CoO/CoVO/Ni nanocomposites were rationally designed and prepared by a two-step hydrothermal synthesis and subsequent annealing treatment. The one-dimensional（1D） CoOnanowire arrays directly grew on Ni foam, whereas the 1D CoVOnanowires adhered to parts of CoOnanowires.Most of the hybrid nanowires were inlayed with each other, forming a 3D hybrid nanowires network.As a result, the discharge capacity of CoO/CoVO/Ni nanocomposites could reach 1201.8 mAh/g after100 cycles at 100 mA/g. After 600 cycles at 1 A/g, the discharge capacity was maintained at 828.1 mAh/g.Moreover, even though the charge/discharge rates were increased to 10 A/g, it rendered reversible capacity of 491.2 mAh/g. The superior electrochemical properties of nanocomposites were probably ascribed to their unique 3D architecture and the synergistic effects of two active materials. Therefore, such CoO/CoVO/Ni nanocomposites could potentially be used as anode materials for high-performance Li-ion batteries.

Preparation and shape memory properties of TiO_2/PLCL biodegradable polymer nanocomposites

The preparation of TiO2/poly（L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone）（PLCL） nanocomposites and their properties were reported.TiO2nanoparticles were surface modified by ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone（ε-CL）.The resulting poly（ε-caprolactone）-grafted TiO2（g-TiO2） was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）,thermogravimetric analysis（TGA） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）.The g-TiO2can be uniformly dispersed in chloroform and the g-TiO2/PLCL nanocomposites were successfully fabricated through solvent-casting method.The effects of the content of g-TiO2nanoparticles on tensile properties and shape memory properties were investigated.A significant improvement in the tensile properties of the 5% g-TiO2/PLCL mass fraction nanocomposite is obtained：an increase of 113% in the tensile strength and an increase of 11% in the elongation at break over pure PLCL polymer.The g-TiO2/PLCL nanocomposites with a certain amount of g-TiO2content have better shape memory properties than pure PLCL polymer.The g-TiO2nanoparticles play an additional physical crosslinks which are contributed to improvement of the shape memory properties.

Solution combustion synthesis of Ni-Y_2O_3 nanocomposite powder

Ni-Y2O3 nanocomposite powder with uniform distribution of fine oxide particles in the metal matrix was successfully fabricated via solution combustion process followed by hydrogen reduction. The combustion behavior was investigated by DTA-TG analysis. The influence of urea to nickel nitrate（U/Ni） ratio on the combustion behavior and morphology evolution of the combusted powder was investigated. The morphological characteristics and phase transformation of the combusted powder and the reduced powder were characterized by FESEM, TEM and XRD. The HRTEM image of Ni-Y2O3 nanocomposite powder indicated that Y2O3 particles with average particle size of about 10 nm dispersed uniformly in the nickel matrix.

Fabrication of AA2024−TiO2 nanocomposites through stir casting process

Given the nonuse of TiO2 nanoparticles as the reinforcement of AA2024 alloy in fabricating composites by ex-situ casting methods,it was decided to process the AA2024−xTiO2(np)(x=0,0.5 and 1 vol.%)nanocomposites by employing the stir casting method.The structural properties of the produced samples were then investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy;their mechanical properties were also addressed by hardness and tensile tests.The results showed that adding 1 vol.%TiO2 nanoparticles reduced the grain size and dendrite arm spacing by about 66%and 31%,respectively.Also,hardness,ultimate tensile strength,yield strength,and elongation of AA2024−1vol.%TiO2(np)composite were increased by about 25%,28%,4%and 163%,respectively,as compared to those of the monolithic component.The agglomerations of nanoparticles in the structure of nanocomposites were found to be a factor weakening the strength against the strengthening mechanisms.Some agglomerations of nanoparticles in the matrix were detected on the fractured surfaces of the tension test specimens.

Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of BiOBr/TiO_2 Heterojunction Nanocomposites

An efficient visible-light-responsive BiOBr/TiO2 heterojunction nanocomposite was fabricated successfully using in-situ depositing technique at room temperature by introducing BiOBr onto the surface of TiO2 nano- belts pre-prepared by hydrothermal reaction and etched with H2SO4. The obtained particles were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, UV-Vis DRS and PL techniques. BiOBr/TiO2 heterojunction nanocomposites with different mass ratios of m （BiOBr）/m （TiO2） were discussed in order to get the best photocatalytie activity, and BiOBr/TiO2-1.0 was proved to be the optimal mass ratio. BiOBr/TiO2-1.0 exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity in the degradation of RhB compared with TiO2 nanobelts, pure BiOBr and the mechanical mixture of TiO2 nanobelts and BiOBr. At last, a possible mechanism ofphotocatalytic enhancement was proposed.

Preparation of TiO_2/Kaolinite Nanocomposite and Its Photocatalytical Activity

Titanium dioxide/ kaolinite nanocomposite was prepared by the sol-gel method, with layered kaolinite as a substrate and Ti （ OC4H9 ）4 as a precursor. The effects of hydrolysis, drying and calcination on the production of nanometric titanium dioxide were discussed. The optimal conditions for preparation were＂ bbtained through experiments. The 1- 10 nrn thick monolayer anatase nano TiO2 crystal was produced under the conditions as follows： hydrolyzed at 37-42 ℃ for 4 h, dried at 70-80 ℃ for 1 h, and calcined at 550-650℃ for 3 h. The rate of degradation of 40 mg/ L azo dye and 20 mg/ L acid red dye can reuch 96% and 81.45%, respectively.

A NOVEL RESISTIVE HUMIDITY SENSOR BASED ON SODIUM POLYSTYRENESULFONATE/TiO_2 NANOCOMPOSITES

A resistive humidity sensor was prepared based on sodium polystyrenesulfonate (NaPSS)/TiO2 nanocomposites, and its electrical response to humidity was examined. The sensor exhibits better linearity, smaller hysteresis (< 4% RH) and quicker response (absorption: less than 2 s; desorption: less than 20 s) in comparison with sensor composed of NaPSS. The effect of concentration of NaPSS and TiO2 on humidity response of sensors was discussed.

Synthesis of TiO_2/g-C_3N_4 nanocomposites with phosphate–oxygen functional bridges for improved photocatalytic activity

One of the most general methods to enhance the separation of photogenerated carriers for g‐C3N4is to construct a suitable heterojunctional composite,according to the principle of matching energy levels.The interface contact in the fabricated nanocomposite greatly influences the charge transfer and separation so as to determine the final photocatalytic activities.However,the role of interface contact is often neglected,and is rarely reported to date.Hence,it is possible to further enhance the photocatalytic activity of g‐C3N4‐based nanocomposite by improving the interfacial connection.Herein,phosphate-oxygen(P-O)bridged TiO2/g‐C3N4nanocomposites were successfully synthesized using a simple wet chemical method,and the effects of the P-O functional bridges on the photogenerated charge separation and photocatalytic activity for pollutant degradation and CO2reduction were investigated.The photocatalytic activity of g‐C3N4was greatly improved upon coupling with an appropriate amount of nanocrystalline TiO2,especially with P-O bridged TiO2.Atmosphere‐controlled steady‐state surface photovoltage spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy analyses revealed clearly the enhancement of photogenerated charge separation of g‐C3N4upon coupling with the P-O bridged TiO2,resulting from the built P-O bridges between TiO2and g‐C3N4so as to promote effective transfer of excited electrons from g‐C3N4to TiO2.This enhancement was responsible for the improved photoactivity of the P-O bridged TiO2/g‐C3N4nanocomposite,which exhibited three‐time photocatalytic activity enhancement for2,4‐dichlorophenol degradation and CO2reduction compared with bare g‐C3N4.Furthermore,radical‐trapping experiments revealed that the·OH species formed as hole‐modulated direct intermediates dominated the photocatalytic degradation of2,4‐dichlorophenol.This work provides a feasible strategy for the design and synthesis of high‐performance g‐C3N4‐based nanocomposite photocatalysts for pollutant degradation and CO2reduction.

Preparation Characterization and Thermal Behaviour of Carbopol-TiO₂Nanocomposites

Composites consisting of carbopol (CP) and ceramic titanium dioxide nanoparticles, TiO2 have been investigated. The CP-TiO2, organic-inorganic hybrid composites have been prepared in DMF by heating the mixture with a constant rate of 1。C/min, up to 30。C, 45。C, 60。C, 80。C, 100。C and 120。C. Proprieties such as absorption, structure and external aspect of the obtained materials were investigated by Uv-vis, FTIR, DRX and SEM analyses. The X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed that the TiO2 nanoparticles maintained their original tetragonal anatase-type crystalline structure in the composites. The chemical structure of the obtained materials was determined by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The influence of TiO2 nanoparticles on the thermal proprieties of carbopol matrix was investigated using thermo-gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the carbopol matrix was considerably increased by the presence of ceramic feller nanoparticles and its thermal stability was significantly improved. Furthermore the water loss which represents 7.56% of the weight loss in pure CP at 100。C was avoided in the CP-TiO2 nanocomposites at this same temperature. This important finding revealed that ceramic fellers blocked the water loss in the modified carbopol nanocomposites, which stayed stable till 200。C.

High Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of 3,7-Bis(Dimethylamino)-Phenothiazin-5-Ium Chloride Dye and Kinetics of H2 Evolution of N2H4H2O by Synthesized CdS/NiS Nanocomposite by Electrochemical Method

CdS/NiS nanocomposites were synthesized by electrochemical method. Ni and Cd is one of the important II-VI semiconducting materials with a direct band gap of 3.26 eV which finds applications in electrical conductivity and photo-catalysis. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by BET, UV-VIS, XRD, FE-SEM (EDAX) techniques. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) reveals crystallite size to be 23.22 nm which was calculated using Williamson-Hall (W-H) plot method. The energy of the band gap for CdS/NiS could be thus estimated to be 3.26 eV. The photocatalytic activity of the sample was evaluated by the degradation of textile dye methylene Blue (MB) in aqueous solutions under UV radiation. Hydrogen energy is regarded as a promising alternative in terms of energy conversion and storage. Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) was carried out in both visible light and UV light by using Hydrazine (N2H4H2O) in the presence of CdS/NiS nanocomposite. The synthesized photocatalyst shows applicable performance for kinetics of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) in Visible light and UV light. The decomposition of hydrazine (N2H4H2O) proceeded rapidly to generate free hydrogen rich gas through OH radical contact with CdS/NiS nanocomposite at room temperature. The rate of HER is limited by either proton adsorption onto an active site or evolution of formed hydrogen from the surface. A high Tafel slope is indicative of proton adsorption as the rate limiting step, while a lower Tafel slope (20 - 45 mV) indicates that the evolution of molecules hydrogen from the catalyst is rate limiting. In the present case the Tafel slopes for visible light 23.5 mV and 42.5 mV for UV light. Blank experiments show poor activity for HER i.e. 10.1 - 13.5 mV.

PREPARATION OF POLYSULFONAMIDE/TiO_2 NANOCOMPOSITES BY SOL-GEL

Polysulfonamide(PSA)was synthesized at room temperature,the polymerization based on terephthaloyl chloride and 3,3’-diaminodiphenylsulfone in the common solvent N,N-Dimethyl-acetamide(DMAc).Polysulfonamide/titanium oxide nanocomposites were prepared by sol-gel method.Tetrabutyl titanate(TBT)was added into the polysulfonamide solution,at the same time,some water was mixed to make the TBT hydrolyze.In the process,hydrochloric acid was used to catalyze the reaction.The polysulfonamide chemistry structure was characterized by FT-IR spectrum.Atomic force microscopy(AFM)was employed to observe the microstructure of the composite film.The thermal property was investigated by TGA.The results show that we have succeeded to synthesize the polysulfonamide,TiO2 particles were well distributed in the composite film and average size was about 20 nm on average,the heat-resistance of nanocomposite was batter than the pure polysulfonamide.

Ni_2P/TiO_2对甲苯的催化加氢反应性能

以TiO2为载体,磷酸盐为前驱物,用程序升温还原方法制备了系列Ni2P/TiO2催化剂。用X射线衍射(XRD)对催化剂样品的物相进行了分析表征。以甲苯气相加氢反应考察了Ni2P/TiO2催化剂的加氢反应性能。结果表明,TiO2载体上制备的催化剂主要物相为Ni2P。Ni2P/TiO2催化剂对甲苯加氢反应具有较高的转化率、100%产物选择性以及良好的稳定性能。反应温度和反应H2流速对甲苯转化率有影响,随反应温度的增加,甲苯转化率先增加后降低,250℃时,相对较高。随反应H2流速的增加,甲苯转化率降低。Ni负载量及前驱体中P含量对催化剂的性能也有影响,随Ni负载量及P含量的增加,催化剂的活性均先升高后降低,P含量较低的催化剂有部分失活。

Ni-P-SiO_2/TiO_2化学复合镀工艺研究

采用正交实验初步确定了Ni P SiO2/TiO2纳米化学复合镀工艺的基本配方。研究了搅拌速度、表面活性剂加入量、pH值、温度对沉积速度的影响,以及纳米粒子加入量、搅拌方式、搅拌速度、表面活性剂种类对镀层纳米粒子复合量的影响,得出最佳工艺配方。

Ni控制掺杂TiO_2薄膜的光电化学及光催化活性

采用溶胶-凝胶法通过分步控制工艺制备了镍离子不同掺杂方式的TiO2薄膜。通过甲基橙的光催化降解动力学来表征其光催化活性。结果表明:镍离子非均匀掺杂在掺杂量0.5%时可以明显增强TiO2的光催化活性,而均匀掺杂提高TiO2的光催化活性较小。光电化学表征结果显示:镍离子非均匀掺杂TiO2薄膜的瞬时光电流信号较强,说明其光生载流子易于生成且分离效果较好;循环伏安曲线表明,光照时Ni非均匀掺杂的TiO2薄膜改变了体系的氧化还原电位,说明了薄膜内建电场的建立。基于半导体的P-N结原理探讨了镍离子非均匀掺杂TiO2薄膜的光催化活性机理。

TiO_2对Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂CO甲烷化性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了一系列不同TiO2含量的TiO2-Al2O3复合载体,并通过浸渍法制备了NiO/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂。分别考察了不同TiO2含量的NiO/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂及反应温度对CO甲烷化催化性能的影响。实验结果表明,当复合载体中TiO2质量分数为30%,反应温度为350～450℃时,催化剂催化活性较高。利用N2吸附-脱附(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)及H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等手段对催化剂物化性能进行了表征。结果表明,加入适量的TiO2能抑制镍铝尖晶石NiAl2O4物种的生成,改善NiO的表面分散性能,避免大晶粒NiO的形成,也改善了催化剂的还原性能,从而提高催化剂的CO甲烷化活性。

Ni-P-纳米TiO_2复合镀层的耐蚀性研究

采用全浸泡腐蚀试验,系统研究了Ni P 纳米TiO2 复合镀层在HCl、H2 SO4、HNO3、NaOH和NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,Ni P 纳米TiO2 复合镀层比Ni P化学镀层具有更优异的耐酸、耐碱、耐盐腐蚀的性能;复合镀层在盐和碱性腐蚀液中的耐蚀性优于酸性腐蚀液;Ni P 纳米TiO2 复合镀层在不同腐蚀液中的腐蚀形态明显不同,复合镀层在NaOH、NaCl和HCl溶液中的腐蚀形态为均匀腐蚀型,而在H2 SO4和HNO3强氧化性介质中的腐蚀形态则为点蚀穿透型;保持镀层在腐蚀液中的完整性对提高镀层的耐腐蚀性能至关重要。

低温燃烧合成纳米Ni掺杂TiO_2光催化剂的表征及活性研究

采用低温燃烧合成法制备了Ni掺杂TiO2光催化剂，通过紫外一可见漫反射光谱（UV—Vis DRS）、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、激光散射、热重一差示扫描量热分析（TG—DSC）等方法对催化剂的光吸收特性、晶相组成、粒度分布、升温过程中化学变化等进行了表征，以亚甲基蓝为模型污染物考察了催化剂在可见光下的光催化活性．结果表明，相对P25而言，Ni掺杂TiO2的光吸收带边红移，当Ni／Ti原子比为0．4时，催化剂的带隙宽度为2．3eV，对应的吸收带边为564nm；催化剂晶型以锐钛矿TiO3为主，随Ni掺杂量增大，NiTi03比例升高；催化剂粒径主要分布在50～150nm之间，占总量的96．9％；升温过程中催化剂在445．2℃发生晶型转化，出现锐钛矿和NiTiO3晶体．催化剂显示出较高的催化活性，在可见光作用150min后最高可使93．9％的亚甲基蓝分解，活性高于P25．

Ni-P-TiO2纳米复合镀层的制备及性能研究

用化学沉积方法制备了Ni-P-TiO2纳米复合镀层,通过XRD、SEM、TEM和EDS对纳米复合镀层进行了表征,分析了在3.5%NaCl溶液中TiO2纳米颗粒浓度对纳米复合镀层的耐蚀性能影响,研究了热处理温度对复合镀层显微硬度的影响。结果表明:所得复合镀层中纳米粒子的复合量可达到11.33%;在3.5%NaCl溶液中,当TiO2浓度为8g/L时复合镀层腐蚀电位最高,耐蚀性能最好;在镀态或热处理后,复合镀层的硬度都明显高于Ni-P合金镀层,且经过400℃热处理后,复合镀层的硬度高达Hv1160。

Ni/TiO_2复合镀层光催化抗菌性能的研究

为了研究TiO2在镀层中的光催化抗菌活性,以不锈钢为基体,制备了Ni/TiO2光催化抗菌功能性复合镀层,测定了镀层中TiO2微粒的复合量,考察了Ni/TiO2电极的光催化析氢性能,利用ESEM观察了镀层的表面形貌,并探讨了半导体TiO2光催化杀灭细菌的机理.研究表明:当镀层中TiO2复合量达到21 98%时,Ni/TiO2复合镀层对大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、粪链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率均大于95%;在光照射下,Ni/TiO2电极阴极析氢反应的起始电位正移了约200mV.

TiO_2的加入对非负载的Ni_2P催化剂加氢脱氮性能的促进作用

分别采用共沉淀法和浸渍法将TiO2引入到非负载的磷化镍(Ni2P)催化剂中,并以喹啉(Q)作为模型化合物,考察了2种方法制备的Ti-Ni2P催化剂对喹啉加氢脱氮(HDN)反应性能的影响。同时,采用XRD、N2吸附和XPS手段表征了所制备的催化剂。结果表明,采用共沉淀法和浸渍法引入的TiO2均对Ni2P催化剂HDN反应活性有很大的促进作用,用浸渍法制备的Ni2P催化剂活性更高。存在于Ni2P表面的TiO2与Ni2P之间存在相互作用是促进Ni2P HDN活性的主要原因。浸渍法制备的Ni2P催化剂表面的TiO2含量更高,因此对HDN反应活性的促进效果更加显著。