Ni/ZrO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)催化剂催化沼气蒸汽重整制氢性能研究

沼气蒸汽重整是重要的制氢方式,开发高效稳定的催化剂是其规模化应用的重要环节。基于此,采用连续浸渍法制备了一系列基于ZrO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)复合载体的Ni基催化剂,对其进行了沼气蒸汽重整制氢催化性能测试。利用N_(2)吸/脱附、XRD等表征方法,分析了催化剂的织构性质、晶相组成等。探究了催化剂的物理结构和化学性质对沼气蒸汽重整制氢的影响机制,并探讨了焙烧温度与金属助剂Fe对催化剂催化性能的影响。结果表明,在700°C、空速12000 h^(-1)条件下,焙烧温度为550°C制得的Ni/ZrO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)表现出突出的催化性能,CH_(4)转化率和H_(2)产率分别稳定在89.94%和81.49%。ZrO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)复合载体相比于Al_(2)O_(3)载体增大了催化剂的比表面积,促进了平均粒径较小的Ni在载体表面的高度分散,进而提高了催化剂的催化沼气蒸汽重整制氢性能。焙烧温度可以调控催化剂的比表面积和孔体积,焙烧温度为550°C制得的Ni/ZrO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)的比表面积和孔体积比焙烧温度为700°C制得的Ni/ZrO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)大。Fe与ZrO_(2)的耦合改性提升了催化剂的还原性能,生成了更多高活性Ni^(0),有利于甲烷干重整制氢反应的发生,调控了气体产物中的n_(H_(2))/n_(CO)。

NiZrO_(2)催化CO_(2)甲烷化机理模拟研究

现有的ZrO_(2)负载Ni催化CO_(2)甲烷化过程的中间物种不明晰,阻碍了新型高效催化剂的开发,限制了CO_(2)甲烷化在环境保护、能源利用以及经济效益提升等多个层面的应用。通过第一性原理计算对Ni团簇在ZrO_(2)表面的吸附机理以及催化CO_(2)甲烷化过程的基元反应进行研究,阐明了NiZrO_(2)界面对CO_(2)的吸附、活化机制,明确了Ni、ZrO_(2)及其界面在CO_(2)加氢反应过程中的角色,提出了CO_(2)甲烷化的具体反应路径,为高效催化剂的进一步开发奠定了坚实的基础。

Selective catalytic methanation of CO in hydrogen-rich gases over Ni/ZrO_2 catalyst

Ni/ZrO2 catalysts were prepared by the incipient-wetness impregnation method and were investigated in activity and selectivity for the selective catalytic methanation of CO in hydrogen-rich gases with more than 20 vol% CO2. The result showed that Ni loadings significantly influenced the performance of Ni/ZrO2 catalyst. The 1.6 wt% Ni loading catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic activity among all the catalysts in the selective methanation of CO in hydrogen-rich gas. The outlet concentration of CO was less than 20 ppm with the hydrogen consumption below 7%, at a gas-hourly-space velocity as high as 10000 h-1 and a temperature range of 260 °C to 280 °C. The X-ray diffraction （XRD） and temperature programmed reduction （TPR） measurements showed that NiO was dispersed thoroughly on the surface of ZrO2 support if Ni loading was under 1.6 wt%. When Ni loading was increased to 3 wt% or above, the free bulk NiO species began to assemble, which was not favorable to increase the selectivity of the catalyst.

Hydrogen production by glycerol reforming in supercritical water over Ni/MgO-ZrO_2 catalyst

Nano ZrO2 and MgO-ZrO2 were prepared by a self-assembly route and were employed as the support for Ni catalysts used in hydrogen production from glycerol reforming in supercritical water （SCW）. The reforming experiments were conducted in a tubular fixed-bed flow reactor over a temperature range of 600-800 ℃. The influences of process variables such as temperature, contact time, and water to glycerol ratio on hydrogen yield were investigated and the catalysts were charactered by ICP, BET, XRD and SEM. The results showed that high hydrogen yield was obtained from glycerol by reforming in supercritical water over the Ni/MgO-ZrO2 catalysts in a short contact time. The MgO in the catalyst showed significant promotion effect for hydrogen production likely due to the formation of the alkaline active site. Even when the glycerol feed concentration was up to 45 wt%, glycerol was completely gasified and transfered to the gas products containing hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane along with small amounts of carbon monoxide. At a diluted feed concentration of 5 wt%, near theoretical yield of 7 mole of H2/mol of glycerol could be obtained.

Highly selective CO methanation over amorphous Ni-Ru-B/ZrO_2 catalyst

Amorphous Ni-Ru-B/ZrO2 catalyst was prepared by the means of chemical reduction, and selective CO methanation as a strategy for CO removal in fuel processing applications was investigated over the amorphous Ni-Ru-B/ZrO2 catalyst. The result showed that, at the temperature of 210-230 ℃, the catalyst was shown to be capable of reducing CO in a hydrogen-rich reformate to less than 10 ppm, while keeping the CO2 conversion below 1.55% and the hydrogen consumption below 6.50%. ？2009 Xin Fa Dong. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Selective CO methanation over amorphous Ni-Ru-B/ZrO_2 catalyst for hydrogen-rich gas purification

Amorphous Ni-Ru-B/ZrO2 catalysts were prepared by chemical reduction method. The effects of Ni-Ru-B loading and Ru/Ni mole ratio on the catalytic performance for selective CO methanation from reformed fuel were studied, and the catalysts were characterized by BET, ICP, XRD and TPD. The results showed that Ru strongly affected the catalytic activity and selectivity by increasing the thermal stability of amorphous structure, promoting the dispersion of the catalyst particle, and intensifying the CO adsorption. For the catalysts with Ru/Ni mole ratio under 0.15, the CO methanation conversion and selectivity increased significantly with the increasing Ru/Ni mole ratio. Among all the catalysts investigated, the 30 wt% Ni-Ru-B loading amorphous Ni61Ru9B30/ZrO2 catalyst with 0.15 Ru/Ni mole ratio presented the best catalytic performance, over which higher than 99.9% of CO conversion was obtained in the temperature range of 230℃-250℃, and the CO2 conversion was kept under the level of 0.9%.

Autothermal reforming of methane over Ni catalysts supported over ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3

Ni catalysts supported on Al2O3, ZrO2-Al2O3, CeO2-Al2O3 and ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 were prepared by coprecipitation method, and their catalytic performances for autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen were investigated. The Ni-supported catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR and XPS. The relationship between the structures and catalytic activities of the catalysts was discussed. The results showed that the catalytic activity and stability of the Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst was better than those of other catalysts with the highest CH4 conversion, H2/CO and H2/COx ratio at 750 ℃. The catalyst showed a little deactivation along the reaction time during its 72 h on stream with the mean deactivation rate of 0.08%/h. The catalytic performance of the Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst was also affected by reaction temperature, no2 ： nCH4 molar ratio and nH2O ： nCH4 molar ratio. TPR, XRD and XPS measurements indicated that the formation of ZrO2-CeO2 solid solution could improve the dispersion of NiO, and inhibit the formation of NiAl2O3, and thus significantly promoted the catalytic activity of the Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst.

Coking-resistant Ni-ZrO_2/Al_2O_3 catalyst for CO methanation

Highly coke-resisting ZrO2-decorated Ni/A1203 catalysts for CO methanation were prepared by a two-step process. The support was first loaded with NiO by impregnating method and then modified with ZrO2 by deposition-precipitation method （IM-DP）. Nitrogen adsorption- desorption, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetdc analysis, H2 temperature- programmed reduction and desorption, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption, and zeta potential analysis were employed to characterize the samples. The results revealed that, compared with the catalysts with the same composition prepared by co-impregnation （CI） and sequential impregnation （SI） methods, the Ni/A1203 catalyst prepared by IM-DP showed much enhanced catalytic performance for syngas methanation under the condition of atmospheric pressure and a high weight hourly space velocity of 120000 mL.g-1 .h-1. In a 80 h life time test under the condition of 300-600 ~C and 3.0 MPa, this catalyst showed high stability and resistance to coking, and the amount of deposited carbon was only 0.4 wt%. On the contrary, the deposited carbon over the catalyst without ZrO2 reached 1.5 wt% after a 60 h life time test. The improved catalytic performance was attributed to the selective deposition of ZrO2 nanoparticles on the surface of NiO rather than A1203, which could he well controlled via changing the electrostatic interaction in the DP procedure. This unique structure could enhance the dissociation of CO2 and generate surface oxygen intermediates, thus preventing carbon deposition on the Ni particles in syngas methanation.

ZrO_2-modified Ni/LaAl_(11)O_(18) catalyst for CO methanation: Effects of catalyst structure on catalytic performance

We report Ni/LaHA@ZrO2catalysts prepared by a facile modified successive adsorption and reaction method for CO methanation.N2adsorption,X‐ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,H2temperature‐programmed reduction,H2temperature‐programmed desorption,X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry were used to characterize the samples.The results indicated that the ZrO2nanoparticles were distributed over the surface of the Ni/LaHA@ZrO2catalyst and even partially covered some Ni particles,resulting in the coating exerting a confinement effect.The excess ZrO2had an adverse effect on the enhancement of CO conversion because of the coverage of the surface Ni particles;however,the Ni/LaHA@ZrO2catalyst displayed much higher CH4selectivity than Ni/LaHA because of the activation of the byproduct CO2molecules by ZrO2species.Therefore,even though20Ni/LaHA@ZrO2‐5exhibited similar CO conversion as20Ni/LaHA,the use of the former resulted in a higher CH4yield than the use of the latter.A107‐h‐lifetime test revealed that the Ni/LaHA@ZrO2catalyst was highly stable with superior anti‐sintering and anti‐coking properties because of its coating structure and the promoter effect of ZrO2.

Effect of ZrO_2 Crystalline Phase on the Performance of Ni-B/ZrO_2 Catalyst for the CO Selective Methanation

Amorphous Ni-B/ZrO2 catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation-chemical reduction with KBH4 aqueous solution,and various crystalline phase ZrO2(amorphous-ZrO2,tetragonal-ZrO2 and monoclinic-ZrO2) supported Ni-B catalysts were obtained by thermal treatment in 5%H2-N2 stream at different temperature.The effect of ZrO2 polymorphs and the treatment temperature on the catalytic performance for the CO selective methanation were investigated,and the catalysts were characterized by N2 physisorption,Powder X-ray diffraction(XRD), Temperature-Programmed Desorption(CO-TPD and H2-TPD),and Differential Scanning Calorimeter(DSC).The treatment temperature affected strongly the crystalline structure of ZrO2,and the CO methanation activity and selectivity of the Ni-B/ZrO2 catalysts were significantly influenced by the crystalline phase of ZrO2.Of the three forms of ZrO2 polymorphs(amorphou-ZrO2,tetragonal-ZrO2 and monoclinic-ZrO2),the amorphous-ZrO2 supported nickle catalyst showed highest CO methanation activity,attributing in large part to the largest specific surface area and the optimum CO/H2 absorption intensity of the Ni-B/amorphous-ZrO2 catalyst.

Synthesis of Methyl Isopropyl Ketone and Diethyl Ketone over Ni-Na/ZrO_2-MnO_2-ZnO Catalyst

ZrO2-MnO2-ZnO supports were prepared by the co-precipitation method,and then Ni-Na/ZrO2-MnO2-ZnO catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method.In this paper,the reactions to synthesize methyl isopropyl ketone and diethyl ketone by the one-step synthesis method over this catalyst were studied,and meanwhile,the impact of the catalyst preparation conditions and the reaction conditions on catalyst performance was also investigated.It was observed that under the conditions when Ni loading was 25%,calcination temperature was 400℃ and reduction temperature was 410℃,this catalyst had good catalytic performance on the reaction.The suitable reaction conditions were achieved:reaction temperature was 400℃;reaction at atmospheric pressure;liquid hourly space velocity of raw material of 0.5 h 1 ;and the molar ratio of(methanol)/(methyl ethyl ketone)/(water) was equal to 1/1/1.Under such conditions,the conversion of methyl ethyl ketone could achieve 41.7%,and the overall selectivity of methyl isopropyl ketone and diethyl ketone could achieve 83.3%,which was comparable to the conversion of 38.1% and the selectivity of 82.2% achieved by using palladium as the active material.The good stability made this catalyst have good prospects for industrial application.

Partial Oxidation of Methane over Monolithic Ni/CeO_2-ZrO_2/γ-Al_2O_3 Catalysts

A series of monolithic Ni/CeO_2-ZrO_2/γ-Al_2O_3 catalysts for the POM reaction were prepared. The activity test shows that the catalyst has the best performance when CeO_2-ZrO_2 content is 8 wt%.The synergistic actions between CeO_2-ZrO_2 and γ-Al_2O_3 improve highly catalytic activity by increasing CH_4 conversion, H_2 and CO selectivity. XPS analysis of the used catalyst indicates that there coexist Ce^(4+) and Ce^(3+).

添加水蒸气对CH_4-CO_2重整催化剂Ni/CeO_2-ZrO_2-Al_2O_3中Ni组分结构影响的EXAFS研究

采用水热合成法制备了Ni/CeO2 -ZrO2 -Al2 O3催化剂。进行了添加和不添加水蒸气的CH4 -CO2 催化重整反应 ,测量了积碳量 ,并用EXAFS手段测试了催化剂Ni的K吸收边。结果表明 ,反应前后最近邻Ni-Ni配位距离无明显变化 ,而配位数却变化明显。无水蒸气反应后Ni-Ni配位数有较大幅度的减少 ;而添加了水蒸气 ,Ni-Ni配位数比反应前减少幅度小。水蒸气的添加能减少积碳量 ,稳定催化剂中Ni的结构 。

Cu/Mn/Ni/ZrO_2合成低碳醇催化剂组分作用的初步研究

针对Cu/Mn/Ni/ZrO2 合成低碳醇催化剂的独特反应行为 ,制备了一系列模型催化剂以考察各组元的作用。结果表明 ,Cu是主要的合成醇类产物的活性组分 ,镍是催化剂上促进碳链增长的重要元素 ,同时也可使异丁醇的生成在较为温和的反应条件下进行。氧化锆既起载体的作用 ,也是合成异丁醇的主要活性组元。同时组元的相互组合也是催化剂合成不同种类醇产物的重要保证 ,Mn通过保证Ni、Cu等其它组元的高度分散 ,提高了催化剂的活性 ,并且避免了过量的甲烷等烃类的产生以及甲醇成为主要产物 ,同时Mn的存在还可能促进Ni与ZrO2 的作用 。

ZrO_2助剂对Ni/SiO_2催化剂CO甲烷化催化活性及其吸附性能的影响

采用连续流动微反装置和原位漫反射红外光谱法考察了Ni/SiO2及添加ZrO2助剂的Ni/ZrO2-SiO2催化剂CO甲烷化催化活性和吸附性能。结果表明,在CO体积分数1%、空速5000 h-1、常压的反应条件下,200℃时Ni/ZrO2-SiO2催化剂可将CO完全转化。而相同反应条件下Ni/SiO2催化剂上CO的转化率仅为35%,直至270℃时方可将CO完全转化。由此可见,ZrO2助剂的添加明显提高了Ni/ZrO2-SiO2催化剂的CO甲烷化催化活性。同时,ZrO2助剂的添加显著提高了Ni/ZrO2-SiO2催化剂对CO的吸附能力,H2存在时可通过在较低温度时形成较多的桥式羰基氢化物来提高Ni/ZrO2-SiO2催化剂的CO甲烷化催化活性;CO甲烷化反应条件下,Ni/SiO2和Ni/ZrO2-SiO2催化剂上C—O键的削弱和断裂是经由羰基氢化物-多氢羰基氢化物的途径,而不是经由C—O键的直接断裂途径。

Ni/ZrO_2催化剂上甲烷水蒸气重整反应的研究

研究了Ni/ZrO2催化剂对甲烷水蒸气重整制合成气的反应性能。考察了催化剂的还原温度、载体焙烧温度以及反应温度、原料配比和空速等对催化剂性能的影响。利用XRD、TEM、XPS等手段对催化剂的织构形貌进行了表征。研究表明,Ni/ZrO2催化剂用于甲烷水蒸气重整制合成气不仅具有较高的活性,也具有较好的稳定性。水蒸气比增加,CH4转化率增大、CO选择性下降。CH4转化率及CO选择性均随空速增大而下降。使用10%Ni/ZrO2催化剂,在650℃、空速1 984×104h-1、原料气配比H2O∶CH4∶N2=2∶1∶2 67的条件下,获得CH4转化率85%、CO选择性70%的结果。

ZrO_2/Ni阶梯热障涂层的热冲击行为

研究了ZrO2／Ni阶梯热障涂层在火焰喷烧和水淬两种热冲击条件下的失效行为，建立了梯度热障涂层在火焰喷烧和水淬热冲击条件下一维温度场和应力场的解析模型实验结果表明，涂层的抗热冲击能力在火焰喷烧条件下随层次的增加而增强，在水淬热冲击条件下却随层次的增加而降低．证实涂层的抗热冲击能力与热冲击条件有关，并取决于表面换热系数的大小与方向故评价涂层的抗热冲击能力时须合理选择热冲击条件按梯度设计，能大大提高航空发动机叶片及相当热冲击条件使用的热障涂层的抗热冲击能力.

CO_2重整CH_4纳米ZrO_2负载Ni催化剂的研究(Ⅱ)──催化剂组成与反应条件对催化剂性能的影响

研究了粒径为 1 5～ 1 8nm的纳米 Zr O2 -AS负载 Ni催化剂对 CO2 重整 CH4制合成气的催化性能 ,结果表明 ,Ni/Zr O2 -AS催化剂对重整反应的超常稳定催化作用不受 Ni含量的影响 ,但当 Ni质量分数低于1 0 %时 ,催化剂活性随 Ni含量增加而显著上升 ,此后 ,CH4和 CO2 的转化逐渐接近其热力学平衡值 .高空速虽然降低了反应物的转化率 ,但可得到更高的时空产率 .各种表征数据揭示 ,Ni/Zr O2 在结构上有别于传统的负载型催化剂 ,可看成是由尺寸相当 ( 1 0～ 2 0 nm)的纳米金属 Ni和纳米 Zr O2 形成的纳米复合物催化剂 .

Ni/ZrO_2-Al_2O_3制备表征及催化性能的研究

本文采用浸渍沉淀法制备了不同配比的ZrO2-Al2O3复合载体。并通过浸渍法制备Ni/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂,以苯加氢制环己烷反应为探针,考察了ZrO2与Al2O3的配比对Ni催化剂催化加氢性能的影响;采用X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)、程序升温脱附(TPD)等技术考察复合载体对Ni催化剂的体相结构、还原性能以及表面吸附性能的影响。研究结果表明,ZrO2质量分数为20%的复合载体所负载的Ni催化剂有很好的加氢活性,优于单组分载体负载的Ni催化剂;采用浸渍沉淀法制备的ZrO2-Al2O3复合载体中ZrO2以非晶态形式存在,这是由于Al2O3的存在影响了ZrO2的内部结构;该载体负载的Ni催化剂较其他催化剂更容易被还原,吸附中心数量增加。

水凝胶法制备Ni/ZrO_2催化剂及催化CO_2加氢甲烷化性能

采用水凝胶法制备出一系列Ni／ZrO2催化剂，使用X射线衍射（XRD），比表面积（BET）测试，透射电子显微镜（TEM）和氢气程序升温还原（H2-TPR）对其结构进行了表征，并考察了在CO2加氢甲烷化反应中的催化活性．研究结果表明，经过450℃焙烧的催化剂中ZrO2呈无定形结构，NiO均匀分散在ZrO2表面上；在400℃时H：还原过程中，部分无定形ZrO2转变为四方晶相结构并使Ni再次分散，Ni与ZrO2之间的电子作用抑制了Ni晶粒的生长和ZrO2晶型的转变；与无定形ZrO2和四方相ZrO2产生电子作用的NiO对催化剂活性起决定性作用，当Ni／Zr摩尔比为0．707时，催化剂活性最高．在H2／CO2体积比为4，空速为1×10^4h^-1，压力为0．5MPa，反应温度为200℃时，CO2转化率达到27％以上，当反应温度上升至280—320℃时，C02转化率达到99％以上，CH4选择性大于92％．