The surface morphology of buffer layer yttrium-stabilized zirconia （YSZ） of YBa2CuaO7-σ （YBCO） high temperature superconducting films relies on a series of controllable experimental parameters. In this work, we f...The surface morphology of buffer layer yttrium-stabilized zirconia （YSZ） of YBa2CuaO7-σ （YBCO） high temperature superconducting films relies on a series of controllable experimental parameters. In this work, we focus on the influence of pulsed laser frequency and target crystalline type on surface morphology of YSZ films deposited by pulsed laser deposition （PLD） on rolling assisted biaxially textured substrate tapes. Usually two kinds of particles are observed in the YSZ layer： randomly distributed ones on the whole film and self-assembled ones along grain boundaries. SEM images are used to prove that particles can be partly removed when choosing dense targets of single crystalline. Lower frequency of pulsed laser also contributes to a smoother film surface. TEM images are used to view the crystalline structure of thin film. Thus we can obtain a basic understanding of how to prepare a particle-free YSZ buffer layer for YBCO in optimized conditions using PLD. The YBCO layer with nice structure and critical current density of around 5 MA/cm2 can be reached on smooth YSZ samples.展开更多
Large surface areas nano-scale zirconia was prepared by the self-assembly route and was employed as support in nickel catalysts for the CO selective methanation. The effects of Ni loading and the catalyst calcination ...Large surface areas nano-scale zirconia was prepared by the self-assembly route and was employed as support in nickel catalysts for the CO selective methanation. The effects of Ni loading and the catalyst calcination temperature on the performance of the catalyst for CO selective methanation reaction were investigated. The cata- lysts were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET）, transmission electron microscope （TEM）, X-ray dif- fraction （XRD） and temperature-programmed reduction （TPR）. The results showed that the as-synthesized Ni/nano-ZrO2 catalysts presented high activity for CO methanation due to the interaction between Ni active particle and nano zir- conia support. The selectivity for the CO methanation influenced significantly by the particle size of the active Ni species. The exorbitant calcination resulted in the conglomeration of dispersive Ni particles and led to the decrease of CO methanation selectivity. Among the catalysts studied, the 7.5% （by mass） Ni/ZrO2 catalyst calcinated at 500℃ was the most effective for the CO selective methanation. It can preferentially catalyze the CO methanation with a higher 99% conversion in the CO/CO2 competitive methanation system over the temperature range of 260-280℃, while keeping the CO2 conversion relatively low.展开更多
This paper summarizes experimental approaches and simulation results in order to establish a general proposition regarding SEN wear mechanisms.Marangoni convection is considered to be a major contribution to continuou...This paper summarizes experimental approaches and simulation results in order to establish a general proposition regarding SEN wear mechanisms.Marangoni convection is considered to be a major contribution to continuous SEN wear,usually causing characteristic corrosion grooves.It is governed by the interface tension gradient in the vicinity of the three phase boundary slag/refractory/steel.This interface tension gradient is caused by a lower activity of the oxygen dissolved in the steel close to the refractory/steel interface.This is due to the reducing action of the solid carbon,which is a component of the refractory.By a simulation model using the Effective Equilibrium Reaction Zone technique a calculation of the interface tension differenceΔσwas performed.While for an LC steel and the related slag a valueΔσ=150mN/m was received,this quantity is negligible in the case of a TRIP steel.Accordingly,also the wear is much less for the TRIP steel.Marangoni convection is decisive for the mass transfer at the refractory/slag interface.Here dissolution of zirconia,but also oxidation of carbon takes place.For the latter one,the above mentioned simulation showed that reduction of silica in the mold slag takes place at the three phase boundary slag/refractory/steel by solid carbon,as the activity of silicon is reduced by dissolution in the liquid steel.This is the main source of oxygen for carbon oxidation at the three phase boundary.Therefore the three phase boundary is the focus of SEN wear：It unites intense bath movement due to Marangoni convection,oxidation of carbon by SiO_2reduction and zirconia erosion and dissolution into the melt.Within the refractory itself,a thin layer of several millimetres shows reactions with slag components.This causes especially destabilisation of stabilised zirconia and prepares later erosive wear.Steel does not penetrate into the SEN microstructure,carbon dissolution is only possible at the steel/refractory interface.The results quoted here enable justified expectations about the SEN wear in dependence on the steel/slag grade.Further simulation offers the possibility to quantify the effect of parameter variations on SEN wear.展开更多
Ni nanocatalysts produced through exsolution have shown strong resistance to particle sintering and carbon coking in a beneficial dry reforming of methane(DRM)reaction utilizing greenhouse gases such as CH_(4)and CO_(...Ni nanocatalysts produced through exsolution have shown strong resistance to particle sintering and carbon coking in a beneficial dry reforming of methane(DRM)reaction utilizing greenhouse gases such as CH_(4)and CO_(2).However,most of the existing oxide supports for exsolution have been limited to perovskite oxide,while studies on fluorite support have been rarely conducted due to the limited solubility despite its excellent redox stability.Here we demonstrate that 3 mol%Ni can be successfully dissolved into the yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ)lattice and be further exsolved to the surface in a reducing atmosphere.The YSZ decorated with exsolved Ni nanoparticles shows enhanced catalytic activity for DRM reaction compared to the conventional cermet type of bulk Ni-YSZ.Moreover,the catalytic activity is extremely stable for about 300 h without significant degradation.Overall results suggest that the YSZ-based fluorite structure can be utilized as one of the support oxides for exsolution.展开更多
We report on the microstructure and the strengthening mechanisms of additively manufactured parts fabricated by directed energy deposition of Ti-6Al-4V(Ti64)powders blended with yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ)nanopart...We report on the microstructure and the strengthening mechanisms of additively manufactured parts fabricated by directed energy deposition of Ti-6Al-4V(Ti64)powders blended with yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ)nanoparticles.These specimens showed refined microstructures as compared to bare as-deposited Ti64,where theαand columnar priorβgrain sizes decreased with increasing YSZ content.The YSZ nanoparticles decomposed during the deposition process and led to the formation of yttrium oxide and some excess oxygen in the Ti64 matrix.The decrease in the sizes of the priorβgrains could be attributed to the increasing amount of dissolved oxygen and yttrium,which promoted constitutional supercooling.Furthermore,the reduction in the size of theαgrains could be ascribed to a shift of the onset of theβ→α+βtransformation to a higher temperature and shorter time with increasing concentration of dissolved oxygen.Finally,the contributions of the underlying strengthening mechanisms for the as-deposited specimens were quantitatively determined.展开更多
基金Supported by the ITER Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under Grant No 2011GB113004the Shanghai Commission of Science and Technology under Grant No 11DZ1100402the Youth Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11204174
文摘The surface morphology of buffer layer yttrium-stabilized zirconia （YSZ） of YBa2CuaO7-σ （YBCO） high temperature superconducting films relies on a series of controllable experimental parameters. In this work, we focus on the influence of pulsed laser frequency and target crystalline type on surface morphology of YSZ films deposited by pulsed laser deposition （PLD） on rolling assisted biaxially textured substrate tapes. Usually two kinds of particles are observed in the YSZ layer： randomly distributed ones on the whole film and self-assembled ones along grain boundaries. SEM images are used to prove that particles can be partly removed when choosing dense targets of single crystalline. Lower frequency of pulsed laser also contributes to a smoother film surface. TEM images are used to view the crystalline structure of thin film. Thus we can obtain a basic understanding of how to prepare a particle-free YSZ buffer layer for YBCO in optimized conditions using PLD. The YBCO layer with nice structure and critical current density of around 5 MA/cm2 can be reached on smooth YSZ samples.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21276054,21376280)
文摘Large surface areas nano-scale zirconia was prepared by the self-assembly route and was employed as support in nickel catalysts for the CO selective methanation. The effects of Ni loading and the catalyst calcination temperature on the performance of the catalyst for CO selective methanation reaction were investigated. The cata- lysts were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET）, transmission electron microscope （TEM）, X-ray dif- fraction （XRD） and temperature-programmed reduction （TPR）. The results showed that the as-synthesized Ni/nano-ZrO2 catalysts presented high activity for CO methanation due to the interaction between Ni active particle and nano zir- conia support. The selectivity for the CO methanation influenced significantly by the particle size of the active Ni species. The exorbitant calcination resulted in the conglomeration of dispersive Ni particles and led to the decrease of CO methanation selectivity. Among the catalysts studied, the 7.5% （by mass） Ni/ZrO2 catalyst calcinated at 500℃ was the most effective for the CO selective methanation. It can preferentially catalyze the CO methanation with a higher 99% conversion in the CO/CO2 competitive methanation system over the temperature range of 260-280℃, while keeping the CO2 conversion relatively low.
基金the funding support of K1-MET GmbH,metallurgical competence centerthe competence center K1-MET is supported by COMET (Competence Center for Excellent Technologies) ,the Austrian program for competence centers
文摘This paper summarizes experimental approaches and simulation results in order to establish a general proposition regarding SEN wear mechanisms.Marangoni convection is considered to be a major contribution to continuous SEN wear,usually causing characteristic corrosion grooves.It is governed by the interface tension gradient in the vicinity of the three phase boundary slag/refractory/steel.This interface tension gradient is caused by a lower activity of the oxygen dissolved in the steel close to the refractory/steel interface.This is due to the reducing action of the solid carbon,which is a component of the refractory.By a simulation model using the Effective Equilibrium Reaction Zone technique a calculation of the interface tension differenceΔσwas performed.While for an LC steel and the related slag a valueΔσ=150mN/m was received,this quantity is negligible in the case of a TRIP steel.Accordingly,also the wear is much less for the TRIP steel.Marangoni convection is decisive for the mass transfer at the refractory/slag interface.Here dissolution of zirconia,but also oxidation of carbon takes place.For the latter one,the above mentioned simulation showed that reduction of silica in the mold slag takes place at the three phase boundary slag/refractory/steel by solid carbon,as the activity of silicon is reduced by dissolution in the liquid steel.This is the main source of oxygen for carbon oxidation at the three phase boundary.Therefore the three phase boundary is the focus of SEN wear：It unites intense bath movement due to Marangoni convection,oxidation of carbon by SiO_2reduction and zirconia erosion and dissolution into the melt.Within the refractory itself,a thin layer of several millimetres shows reactions with slag components.This causes especially destabilisation of stabilised zirconia and prepares later erosive wear.Steel does not penetrate into the SEN microstructure,carbon dissolution is only possible at the steel/refractory interface.The results quoted here enable justified expectations about the SEN wear in dependence on the steel/slag grade.Further simulation offers the possibility to quantify the effect of parameter variations on SEN wear.
基金This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)and the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE)of the Republic of Korea(No.20173020032120)This work also was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2019R1C1C1005801)Partial support from“CO2 utilization battery for hydrogen production based on fault-tolerance deep learning”(1.200097.01)is also acknowledged.
文摘Ni nanocatalysts produced through exsolution have shown strong resistance to particle sintering and carbon coking in a beneficial dry reforming of methane(DRM)reaction utilizing greenhouse gases such as CH_(4)and CO_(2).However,most of the existing oxide supports for exsolution have been limited to perovskite oxide,while studies on fluorite support have been rarely conducted due to the limited solubility despite its excellent redox stability.Here we demonstrate that 3 mol%Ni can be successfully dissolved into the yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ)lattice and be further exsolved to the surface in a reducing atmosphere.The YSZ decorated with exsolved Ni nanoparticles shows enhanced catalytic activity for DRM reaction compared to the conventional cermet type of bulk Ni-YSZ.Moreover,the catalytic activity is extremely stable for about 300 h without significant degradation.Overall results suggest that the YSZ-based fluorite structure can be utilized as one of the support oxides for exsolution.
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE),Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)[grant number-N0002609]the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea[grant number 2020R1A2C2008416]。
文摘We report on the microstructure and the strengthening mechanisms of additively manufactured parts fabricated by directed energy deposition of Ti-6Al-4V(Ti64)powders blended with yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ)nanoparticles.These specimens showed refined microstructures as compared to bare as-deposited Ti64,where theαand columnar priorβgrain sizes decreased with increasing YSZ content.The YSZ nanoparticles decomposed during the deposition process and led to the formation of yttrium oxide and some excess oxygen in the Ti64 matrix.The decrease in the sizes of the priorβgrains could be attributed to the increasing amount of dissolved oxygen and yttrium,which promoted constitutional supercooling.Furthermore,the reduction in the size of theαgrains could be ascribed to a shift of the onset of theβ→α+βtransformation to a higher temperature and shorter time with increasing concentration of dissolved oxygen.Finally,the contributions of the underlying strengthening mechanisms for the as-deposited specimens were quantitatively determined.
