抽拉速率对定向凝固Ni-45Ti-5Al合金微观组织的影响

采用Bridgman型液态金属冷却定向凝固方法,研究Ni-45Ti-5Al(摩尔分数,%)合金在不同抽拉速率(20、100和200μm/s)下定向凝固后的相组成及其形态特征。结果表明:Ni-45Ti-5Al合金定向凝固生长区呈现明显的柱状晶生长形态,定向效果良好,NiTi基体以[100]方向为择优取向,Ti2Ni析出相沿[111]晶向择优生长。随着抽拉速率的提高,Ti2Ni相更加细小、分散,由在胞晶界上几乎连续分布改变为断续分布。在20～200μm/s的宽生长速率范围内,均以胞状晶形态生长,固/液界面形态没有发生显著变化;随着抽拉速率从20μm/s增加到200μm/s,定向胞晶组织明显细化,平均胞晶间距由85μm减小到25μm。

大晶粒Ni-45Al合金的超塑性

研究了原始晶粒尺寸为270 μm的Ni-45Al单相合金的高温变形行为.结果表明,该合金在1000—1100℃温区,1×10-4-2.5×10-2s-1的应变速率范围内呈现超塑性变形;在1075℃应变速率为2.5×10-4s-1时,最大延伸率可达245％,相应的应变速率敏感指数为0.3,表观激活能为320 kJ/mol.在超塑性变形过程中发生发生连续回复和再结晶,导致原始大晶粒组织经超塑性变形后的显著细化.

加热温度对定向凝固Ni-45Ti-5Al合金组织特征的影响

采用液态金属冷却定向凝固技术研究了Ni-45Ti-5Al(原子分数,%)合金在1450、1550和1650℃下定向凝固组织的演变规律。结果表明,Ni-45Ti-5Al合金定向凝固生长区宏观组织为柱状晶,定向效果良好;微观组织呈胞状晶形态生长,由初生NiTi基体相和Ti2Ni析出相组成;NiTi相和Ti2Ni相分别以[100]和[111]方向择优取向,两相组织均固溶有一定量Al,且基体相中Al含量大于析出相中Al;随加热温度的升高,定向胞晶组织变化不明显,胞晶间距为30～50μm,在1550℃定向凝固时Ti2Ni相析出量最大。

Brazeability evaluation of Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Co-Mo filler for vacuum brazing TiAl-based alloy

Ti-47Al-2Nb-2Cr-0.15B(mole fraction,%)alloy was vacuum brazed with amorphous and crystalline Ti.25Zr-12.5Cu-12.5Ni-3.0Co-2.0Mo(mass fraction,%)filler alloys,and the melting,spreading and gap filling behaviors of the amorphous and crystalline filler alloys as well as the joints brazed with them were investigated in details.Results showed that the amorphous filler alloy possessed narrower melting temperature interval,lower liquidus temperature and melting active energy compared with the crystalline filler alloy,and it also exhibited better brazeability on the surface of the Ti.47Al.2Nb.2Cr.0.15B alloy.The TiAl joints brazed with crystalline and amorphous filler alloys were composed of two interfacial reaction layers and a central brazed layer.Under the same conditions,the tensile strength of the joint brazed with the amorphous filler alloy was always higher than that with the crystalline filler alloy.The maxmium tensile strength of the joint brazed at 1273 K with the amorphous filler alloy reached 254 MPa.

Oxidation Behaviour of Sputtered Ni-3Cr-20Al Alloy

The oxidation behavior of sputtered Ni-3Cr-20Al coating at 900℃ in air was investigated. A dense Al2O3 layer was formed on the sputtered Ni-3Cr-20AI coating after 200 h oxidation. However, owing to the segregation of Ni3Al during oxidation process at high temperature, the spinel NiAI2O4 was also formed in the Al2O3 layer. It was found that the formation of NiAI204 had no detrimental effect on the oxidation resistance of the sputtered N?3O-20AI coating due to the excellent adhesion shown by the Al2O3 and NiAl2O4complex oxide scale.

Microstructure and corrosion resistance of Fe-Al intermetallic coating on 45 steel synthesized by double glow plasma surface alloying technology

A binary Fe-Al alloyed layer was synthesized on 45 steel by means of double glow plasma surface alloying technique. The corrosion-resisting layer prepared is composed of a sedimentary layer and a diffusion layer, with a total thickness of about 180 μm. The aluminum content of the alloyed layer shows gradual change from surface to the inside of substrate. The ideal profile is beneficial to the metallurgical bonding of the surface alloying layer with substrate materials. The microstructure of both layers consists of the Fe-Al intermetallic compound, which is FeAl with B2 structure in the sedimentary layer and Fe3Al with incompletely ordered DO3 structure in the diffusion layer. The protective film exhibits high micro-hardness. In comparison with the substrate of 45 steel, the corrosion resistance of the aluminized sample is much higher in 2.0% Na2S and 0.05 mol/L Na2SO4 + 0.5 mol/L NaCl mixed solutions.

DEFORMATION STRUCTURES IN A Ti45Al 10Nb ALLOY AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Dislocation structures in the γ phase grains of Ti 45Al 10Nb specimens have been characterized after tensile tests at room temperature. In addition to ordinary dislocations with b=1/2〈110], a certain density of superdislocations and faulted dipoles were observed, which are rarely present in the conventional two phase TiAl base alloys of normal impurity. This difference was attributed to the solution of high Nb in the γ phase, which may increase the CRSS for 〈110] ordinary slip.

Effect of process variables on grain growth in simulating solidification microstructure of Ti-45% Al alloy ingot by stochastic model

A comprehensive stochastic model for simulating microstructure formation of Ti-45%Al(mole fraction) alloy ingot during solidification process was developed, based on a finite differential method(FDM) for macroscopic heat flow calculation and a cellular automaton(CA) technique for microscopic modeling of nucleation and growth. The formation of a shrinkage cavity at the top of ingot was taken into account. The effects of process variables such as pouring temperature and mold-preheated temperature on the microstructure formation were investigated. The calculated results indicate that the columnar zone is expanded with increasing pouring temperature in the nonlinear way and the volume fraction of equiaxed zone only slightly varies with the mold-preheated temperature.

Deformation-induced α_2/γ Interfaces in a Hot-deformed Ti-45Al-10Nb Alloy

The structure change of α2/γ interface in a Ti-45Al-10Nb alloy induced by hot deformation was investigated by conventional and high-resolution transmission eIectron microscopy. Two types of hot deformation induced special α2/γ intedeces, coherent intedeces with high density of ledges and semi-coherent α2/γ intedeces were found to be due to the absorption of mobile dislocations into the α2/γ inteface. For the misoriented semi-coherent α2/γ interfaces, the densities of dislocation ledges increase with the misoriented angle between (111)γ and (0001)α2 planes, and 1/3[111] Frank partial dislocations were involved in the dislocation ledges. Formation mechanism of these deformation-induced α2/γ interfaces was discussed to be related to the role of α2/γ interface5 adjusting the deformation as a dislocation sink absorbing the slipping dislocations in the γ phase

Modeling of solidification grain structure for Ti-45%Al alloy ingot by cellular automaton

A cellular automaton model for simulating grain structure formation during solidification processes of Ti-45%Al(mole fraction) alloy ingot was developed, based on finite differential method for macroscopic modeling of heat transfer and a cellular automaton technique for microscopic modeling of nucleation, growth, solute redistribution and solute diffusion. The relation between the growth velocity of a dendrite tip and the local undercooling, which consists of constitutional, thermal, curvature and attachment kinetics undercooling is calculated according to the Kurz-Giovanola-Trivedi model. The effect of solidification contraction is taken into consideration. The influence of process variables upon the resultant grain structures was investigated. Special moving allocation technique was designed to minimize the computation time and memory size associated with a large number of cells. The predicted grain structures are in good agreement with the experimental results.

考虑包晶反应的Ti-(45—48)Al合金锭凝固组织模拟

提出了一种新的模拟Ti-(45—48)Al(原子分数,％)合金锭凝固组织形成的随机性方法．将元胞分为先析出相元胞和包晶相元胞两类,不同的元胞凝固路径不同．借助于这种方法,在最终的模拟结果中可以显示包晶相的随机分布．计算中考虑了一次缩孔的形成,对于大尺寸铸锭的模拟,提出了特殊移动内存分配方法,以节约计算时间和计算量．对比模拟结果和实验结果验证了模型的可行性,分析了凝固参数对凝固组织的影响．模拟结果表明流动强度的增大以及合金元素成分的增加均有助于等轴晶区的形成．随着合金成分的增加,包晶相的数量增加．

Ti-45%Al合金界面形态及微观结构演化的相场模拟

用相场法对Ti-45%Al合金在近绝对稳定高速定向凝固条件下的液固相变界面形态和微观结构演化进行模拟。结果表明:初始平界面失稳后形成许多细胞晶,在生长速度进一步增大至近绝对稳定平界面过程中,存在细胞晶向高速平界面的转变;体系溶质分布模拟的研究结果表明,由于固液界面处发生溶质截流,体系出现低微观偏析的凝固结构。模拟结果与快速凝固理论相吻合。

生长速度对Ti-45%Al包晶合金定向凝固组织的影响

通过电磁感应加热和液态金属冷却相结合的实验方法制备了Ti-45%Al(at%)包晶合金的定向凝固试样,并观察在不同生长速度下的微观组织和界面形态。结果发现,抽拉速度为10μm/s时,界面以胞晶形式生长,最终组织的α2+γ片层与生长方向垂直;抽拉速度为50μm/s时,观察到明显的枝晶生长界面,α2+γ片层与生长方向成45°夹角。低速下的胞状间距明显大于高速下的枝晶间距,说明快速凝固有利于减小枝晶间距。

45钢表面超音速电弧喷涂Ti-Al涂层的组织与性能研究

采用自行开发研制的超音速电弧喷设备 ,在 4 5钢表面制成了钛铝合金复合涂层。并利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、电子探针 ,对涂层的成分、相结构、显微组织及其结合强度、显微硬度进行了研究。结果表明 ,利用超音速电弧喷涂设备 ,可以在 4 5钢表面形成致密度高、孔隙率低 ,结合强度较好和硬度高的Ti Al合金涂层。

Ti含量对脱氧剂45%Al-Fe-3%RE合金铸态组织与硬度的影响

采用中频感应真空熔炼炉制备含Ti的脱氧剂45%Al-Fe-3%RE合金,并借助X射线、扫描电镜、能谱分析和硬度检测仪对合金铸态组织及硬度进行分析。结果表明,随着Ti含量(0,0.2%,0.3%,0.4%,0.5%)的增加,合金中的铸态组织晶粒得到明显的细化,并且组织更加致密;当Ti含量为0.3%时,合金的硬度最大,硬度值为HV 95。

THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF NiO CLUSTER FORMATION INNi_3Al ALLOYS BY AP-FIM

The purpose of the present work is to study the NiO cluster formation in Ni3Al alloys by field ion microscope and atom probe (AP-FIM). A polycrystal Ni3Al (B-doped) was heat-treated in atmospheres, the surface adsorption of air (hydrogen, oxygen) moisture etc.) occured on the Ni3Al surface and then these absorbents diffused into the interior of alloy through groin boundaries. AP-FIM studies found that the NiO and AlO clusters appeared in the local regions and amount of NiO clusters is much more than that of AlO. Moreover the hydrogen was simultaneously detected in the identical region.These results provided an experimental evidence that the formation of NiO and AlO clusters is the result of reaction of Ni (or Al) with residual moisture in Ni3Al, i.e. Ni+H2 O→NiO+2H. But the samples of B-free Ni3Al and B-doped single crystal Ni3Al have low concentration of NiO and H. This result shows that the diffusion of H2O molecule was promoted by genie boundaries containing boron. In addition, the boron suppresses environmental emvironmental was discussed, which suggested that the formation of Ni-O bonding has influence on bonding character of Ni-Al atoms and benefits the ductility of alloy.

航空机械用NiTi-Al合金热处理后的力学性能变化

通过Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机,研究了不同热处理工艺对Ni-45Ti-5Al合金微观组织和力学性能的演变的影响。结果表明,铸造Ni-45Ti-5Al合金由Ni Ti和Ni2Ti Al双相组成。在550℃时效后Ni2Ti Al相呈针叶状出现。随着时效温度升高,析出相数量显著增加,并且相互交叉、紧密分布,并逐渐粗化。当时效温度为750℃时,析出相粗化。合金的高温压缩屈服强度随时效温度先升高而后降低。经650℃时效后Ni Ti-Al合金高温性能最好,完全满足航空发动机的高压气机叶片强度要求。

Corrosion behavior of Ce-doped Ni-10Cu-11Fe-6Al(wt%) inert anode in molten CaCl_2 salt

In this research the effect of cerium dopingon corrosion behavior of Ni-10 Cu-11 Fe-6 Al(wt%) alloy as a novel inert anode in titanium electrolytic production was investigated. The samples, including un-doped and Ce-doped nickel-based alloys, were prepared using vacuum induction melting(VIM) process and then exposed to the electrolysis in molten calcium chloride at 900C at à1.6 V versus graphite reference electrode for different immersion time. The surface and cross-section of the samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and their electrochemical behavior was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The results show that the un-doped samples have greater number of voids and porosities as compared to that of the 0.0064 wt% Ce-doped samples(as the optimum content of cerium in the alloy). Thus, the nickel-based alloy becomes less sensitive to the pitting by addition of cerium. The corrosion penetration depth reaches about 244 mm after 16 h of electrolysis in the un-doped sample, while was approximately 103 mm for the 0.0064 wt% Ce-doped sample, which is an indication that the corrosion penetration depth decreases by adding small amounts of Ce.

45钢表面双辉等离子渗铝处理

采用双辉等离子渗铝技术和碳氮共渗技术分别在45钢表面制备出Fe-Al-N和Fe-C-N合金层。分析两合金层表面显微硬度以及物相组成,并观察表面的微观结构、元素分布。结果表明,45钢表面形成的Fe-Al-N合金层表面硬度高达750.27 HV0.1,远高于Fe-C-N合金层表面硬度,是基体的3~4倍;两种合金层横截面硬度分布曲线都呈梯度分布;Fe-Al-N合金层表面更加均匀、致密,形成了较好的化合物聚集现象,表现出更好的耐磨性。