Dechlorination of Chlorinated Aliphatic Compounds by Micro-scale Al-Zn-Mg/Fe Powders as Advanced Zero-valent Iron

Micro-scale Al-Zn-Mg/Fe composite powders (MAF) with high reactivity and good storage properties were prepared by reducing iron onto the surface of Al-Zn-Mg alloy powders. Experimental results show that MAF as advanced zero-valent iron are highly effective for degradation of chlorinated organic compounds. The efficiency of degradation for carbon tetrachloride and perchloroethylene is higher than 99% within a period of 2 h. The efficiency of degradation for trichloroethylene by MAF after storing for one month is equivalent to that by freshly prepared nano-size zero-valent iron particles.

Extrusion behavior of micro-nanostructured Al-18%Si alloy powders

The extrusion of Al-Si alloy powders with different particle sizes allows manufacture of different products with unique microstructures and therefore with unique mechanical properties. The effects of powder size on the extrusion behavior and process defect of Al-18%Si alloy were studied by means of microscopy (optical, scanning electron) and density determination. The main objective of the work is to demonstrate the influence of the powder material characteristics on final density and quality of bar. The results show that the bigger the powder particles, the better the performance of cold compacting. The surface of alloy bar extruded from big particles has good quality without cracking. While the smaller the powder particles, the higher the density and the better the microstructure and mechanical properties. For practice application, the mixed powders are better than single powder.

MICROSTRUCTURES OF ULTRAFINE WC POWDERS

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PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF THE MICRO-POWDER PHASE AND A NEW PHASE OF AMMONIUM TETRAMOLYBDATES

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Structure Characterization and Dephosphorization Effect Analysis of Oyster Shell-silica Micropowder Waste Water Dephosphorization Materials

In this work,the effects of pH value of waste water and initial concentration of phosphorus on dephosphorization materials were investigated.The materials were prepared by shaping,sintering and hydrothermal reshaping oyster shell and silica micro-powder.Different concentrations of phosphorus-contained waste water were simulated with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution,the effect of dephosphorization was tested with phosphomolybdenum blue spectrophotometer method,and the crystal phase and microstructure of materials were characterized by XRD and SEM methods. It was indicated that dephosphorization was completed in 6 h when the initial phosphorus concentration in waste water was lower than 15 mg/L, and the dephosphorization time prolonged as the increase of phosphorus concentration. It was observed that the pH value of waste water influenced dephosphorization significantly, and neutral subalkalic environment favored dephosphorization. When the pH value was 11, the efficiency of dephosphozation was the greatest. For waste water with an initial concentration of 20 mg/L, the dephosphozation rate is close to 100% in8 h.

Effects of Zhenren Yangzang Decoction Combined with Modified Shenling Baizhu Powder on Immune Function and Intestinal Microecology of Diarrhea Patients with Deficiency and Cold Syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Zhenren Yangzang Decoction combined with modified Shenling Baizhu Powder on the immune function and intestinal microecology of diarrhea patients with deficiency and cold syndrome. METHODS: A total of 60 diarrhea patients with deficiency and cold syndrome were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional western medicine. The observation group was given the treatment of Zhenren Yangzang Decoction combined with modified Shenling Baizhu Powder on the basis of the same treatment for 4 weeks. The clinical symptoms, fecal flora and immunoglobulin content of the 2 groups were observed and the clinical efficacy was evaluated. RESULTS: After treatment, the symptoms scores of fecal diarrhea, aversion to cold, cold limbs, loss of appetite, cold and painful waist and knee, abdominal fullness, abdominal distension and abdominal pain, and intestinal bacilli contents were significantly decreased(P < 0.05). The contents of lactobacillus, bifidus bacilli, IgG, IgM and IgA were significantly increased(P < 0.05), and the improvement of the above indexes in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group(P < 0.05). The total effective rate after treatment in the observation group was 93.3%, which was significantly higher than 73.3% of the control group(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The treatment of diarrhea patients with deficiency and cold syndrome with Zhenren Yangzang Decoction and modified Shenling Baizhu Powder can effectively improve the intestinal micro-ecological environment, improve the immune function of patients and promote the rapid recovery of patients.

Pilot Study on Powder Active Carbon / Flotation/Microflocculation / Ultrafiltration Combined Process for Treatment of Reservoir Water

[Objective] The study aimed to discover the effects of powder active carbon（ PAC） /flotation /micro-flocculation /ultrafiltration combined process on the treatment of reservoir water. [Method]Taken the water from a mountainous reservoir for the initial samples,the parameters such as turbidity,COD Mn,chlorophyll-a and methylisobormeol（ MIB） of water samples were monitored before and after treated with combined processes of micro-flocculation /ultrafiltration, flotation /micro-flocculation /ultrafiltration, PAC /flotation /micro-flocculation /ultrafiltration. [Result] The results showed that the removal rates of turbidity of water samples by the above three processes were 97. 5%,98. 0% and 98. 6%,respectively. The removal rates of COD Mn were 30. 9%,35. 0% and 52. 0%. The removal rates of chlorophyll-a were 80. 6%,91. 0% and 99. 0%. The removal rates of MIB were 17. 0%,34. 2% and 97. 0%. [Conclusion]The PAC /flotation /micro-flocculation ultrafiltration combined process can be flexibly combined based on the characteristics of algae and odor in water,and is suitable for water plant construction or reconstruction.

轻质高强蒸压加气混凝土的制备及性能研究

本文利用新疆地区粉煤灰和微硅粉等典型固废资源为原料,开展轻质高强蒸压加气混凝土制备技术研究,分析了原料配比、水料比和发气剂掺量对制品绝干密度和抗压强度的影响。结果表明,当m(粉煤灰)∶m(微硅粉)∶m(石英砂)∶m(生石灰)∶m(水泥)∶m(石膏)=30∶25∶10∶25∶8∶2、铝粉量为总物料质量的0.10%、水料比为0.58、蒸压温度为195℃、蒸压压力为1.2 MPa、蒸压时间为8 h时,轻质高强蒸压加气混凝土的绝干密度为568.70 kg/m^(3),抗压强度为5.4 MPa,导热系数为0.140 W/(m·K),达到了A5.0、B06等级。

再生复合微粉混凝土界面过渡区性能研究

为研究再生复合微粉复掺比对混凝土界面过渡区性能的影响机理,用宏微观试验相结合的方法,分析不同复掺比对混凝土劈裂抗拉强度和显微硬度的影响规律,并利用灰色关联法探究力学性能与微观结构的关系。结果表明:再生砖粉对混凝土的改善效果优于再生混凝土粉,且掺入合理的再生复合微粉会改善混凝土界面过渡区的微观结构;再生复合微粉混凝土各组相显微硬度关系为:骨料相>砂浆相>界面过渡区相,且界面过渡区厚度随养护龄期的增加而逐渐减小;界面过渡区厚度与劈裂抗拉强度关系显著,呈线性负相关,所建立的模型拟合度较高。界面过渡区厚度能准确地表征再生复合微粉混凝土宏观性能变化规律,当再生混凝土粉/再生砖粉为2∶8时,可制备出性能良好的C30混凝土,具有良好的推广应用价值。

早强型钢渣基胶凝材料的制备及其水化机理研究

钢渣是炼钢过程中产生的主要废弃物,具有用途单一、产生量大、污染环境等特点。本文使用钢渣微粉、42.5普通硅酸盐水泥分别与增强剂Ⅰ、增强剂Ⅱ混合制备早强型钢渣基胶凝材料,通过测定原料化学成分、矿物组成,测试胶凝材料的力学性能,分析其热稳定性、微观形貌来揭示胶凝材料的水化机理。研究结果表明:胶凝材料的早期抗压强度大幅提高,后期抗压强度良好;这是因为增强剂能促进Ca(OH)2消耗并提高水化反应速率,Ca(OH)2水解出的OH-能促进钢渣微粉中玻璃体溶出硅酸盐,与Ca^(2+)生成C-S-H凝胶;增强剂含有的硫酸盐能与胶凝材料生成钙矾石AFt,并填充于凝胶孔隙中,增强了材料的密实度。早强型钢渣基胶凝材料的最优配比为钢渣微粉125 g、增强剂Ⅱ用量10 g。研究成果为早强型钢渣基胶凝材料的制备提供了新思路,也可为钢渣综合利用研究提供借鉴。

矿渣微粉改良红层填料的力学特性及其机理分析

为研究矿渣微粉改良红层填料的力学特性及其作用机理,通过无侧限抗压强度、直剪等试验,对不同矿渣微粉掺量下的红层填料进行了强度特性分析,并采用X衍射、热重分析、红外光谱、激光粒度、核磁共振和扫描电镜等微观分析方法,围绕矿渣微粉改良土体的作用机理进行了研究。试验结果表明,矿渣微粉对红层填料的力学强度和水稳定性具有较好的改良作用,改良填料的无侧限抗压强度由0.76 MPa逐渐增大至3.10 MPa;黏聚力与内摩擦角也得到了显著提高。通过红外光谱、激光粒度和核磁共振分析发现,改良填料颗粒间Al3+阳离子配位的振动峰增强,降低了黏土矿物的双电层厚度,土颗粒团聚性显著增强,孔隙分布得到优化;通过X射线衍射和热重分析证明了水化产物的生成过程;扫描电镜观测到改良填料的具体作用机理:主要为填充效应和胶凝效应,其胶凝效应包括水化作用和离子交换作用。对微观扫描图的定量化分析进一步表明土体结构复杂程度增大,颗粒粗糙程度及骨架性增强。

CFB飞灰压浆料的制备及高强微膨胀机理研究

利用循环流化床燃煤固硫灰(CFB飞灰)的活性与膨胀性制备压浆料,研究了CFB飞灰掺量和水胶比对压浆料工作性能、强度和膨胀率的影响;CFB飞灰与矿粉以不同比例复配,对比研究了CFB飞灰压浆料的高强微膨胀特性,并采用XRD与SEM分析验证。结果表明,随CFB飞灰替代水泥掺量的增加,压浆料的需水性增强,抗压强度降低,20%(质量分数)CFB飞灰的试样28 d抗压强度与基样接近,可达85.8 MPa,而抗折强度先升高后降低,膨胀率一直升高。随用水量的增加,压浆料的膨胀率降低但均为正值。随CFB飞灰取代矿粉率的提高,压浆料的工作性能降低,28 d抗压强度先升高后降低,其中20%(质量分数)CFB飞灰、10%(质量分数)矿粉复合的试样28 d抗压强度最高,为99.8 MPa,膨胀率一直升高。通过CFB飞灰与矿粉复合配制了各项性能均满足铁标要求的压浆料。CFB飞灰不仅自身水化产生膨胀,还能激活矿粉活性,产生复合增强作用。

丝电爆法制备3D打印金属钽粉的试验研究

针对微米球形钽粉难以制备、粒径不易控制等问题,论文利用丝电爆法成功制备了微米球形钽粉,通过改变初始充电电压、钽丝丝径进行试验,采集丝电爆过程的电压与电流信号,对其机理进行了分析,并表征了所制备的微米钽粉。结果表明:不同丝径下的丝电爆炸过程都经历了五个阶段,丝径为0.4mm钽丝在电爆炸过程中发生了完全气化,而丝径为0.2mm、0.3mm钽丝并未完全气化,处于气液混合的状态;随着初始充电电压的不断增大,一定丝径钽丝上的沉积能量会有不同程度的增加,所制备的微米球形钽粉的平均粒径在逐渐减小;在初始充电电压为10kV时,丝径为0.2mm钽丝所制备的钽粉集中分布在28μm~36μm之间,分布范围较窄,球形度良好,且满足微米级3D打印金属粉的粒径要求。

水淬锰渣-炉渣-石灰石复合微粉的活性试验

研究了经过物理激发的水淬锰渣微粉和炉渣微粉活性指数,进而确定水淬锰渣、炉渣适宜的比表面积;采用石膏、生石灰、水玻璃3种激发剂对水淬锰渣、炉渣、石灰石复合微粉进行了化学激发试验;探讨单一激发和复合激发对复合微粉的影响。结果表明:物理激发微粉时,水淬锰渣的适宜比表面积为470 m^(2)/kg,炉渣的适宜比表面积为410 m^(2)/kg;化学激发复合微粉时,使用4%的石膏和1%生石灰作为复合激发剂对复合微粉激发效果最佳,7、28 d活性指数达到最高,此时复合微粉7 d活性指数为55.7%,28 d活性指数为78.3%,均满足《用于水泥、砂浆和混凝土中的粒化高炉矿渣粉》(GB/T 18046—2017)中S75等级标准。

催情微粉对蛋鸡产蛋性能及蛋品质的影响

为研究催情微粉对蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响,选用630只海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为7组,每组3个重复,每个重复30只。空白对照组不添加任何药物,催情散组在饲粮中添加2%催情散,蛋鸡宝组在饲粮中添加2%蛋鸡宝,4个催情微粉组分别在饲粮中添加0.25%、0.5%、1%、2%催情微粉。试验期为21 d。结果显示,与空白对照组相比,1%催情微粉组、2%催情微粉组、2%催情散组、2%蛋鸡宝组产蛋率均显著上升(P<0.05),产砂壳蛋率、畸形蛋率、白壳蛋率显著下降(P<0.05),但各用药组间差异不显著。综上所述,在本试验条件下,1%催情微粉、2%催情微粉均可改善蛋鸡产蛋率和蛋品质,但二者之间效果差异不显著。因此,从经济性方面考虑,推荐添加1%催情微粉。

凝灰岩石粉在玻化微珠保温砂浆中的适用性研究

为明确凝灰岩石粉在玻化微珠保温砂浆中的适用性,选凝灰岩石粉作为掺料。通过用凝灰岩石粉代替部分水泥来制备保温砂浆,研究了骨胶比、石粉掺量对保温砂浆力学性能及微观形貌的影响规律。结果表明:由于骨胶比的增大,保温砂浆的稠度、干密度、抗压强度、导热系数和软化系数都出现了下降态势,保温效果增强;凝灰岩石粉掺量达到20%时,其保温砂浆的导热系数、干密度和压剪黏结强度值达到最低,仍满足GB/T 20473—2021《建筑保温砂浆》中规定值。因此推断,利用石粉替代部分水泥配制保温砂浆具有较高的可行性。

煤矸石粉对微表处路用和层间耐久性能影响

为探究煤矸石粉在微表处技术中应用的可行性,选取不同煤矸石粉替代微表处混合料的填料,室内成型要求的组合试件采用汉堡车辙试验、四轮加速磨耗试验和剪切疲劳试验等长期性能测试方法,研究含有不同填料的微表处混合料路用性能和层间性能,并分析不同因素对微表处长期性能的影响差异性。结果表明,煤矸石粉以替代矿粉的形式添加于微表处中,可改善微表处的高温性能、水稳性能、耐磨耗性能、长期抗滑性能和层间黏结性能,其中,高温活化煤矸石粉的改善效果较好,煤矸石粉替代量对微表处不同性能影响高于矿粉类型,但煤矸石粉替代水泥则有损微表处的路用性能和层间性能。微表处长期性能的改善效果与煤矸石粉替代矿粉的质量密切相关,煤矸石粉替代率越高,则微表处的长期性能越好;矿粉全部替代为煤矸石粉、活化煤矸石粉,微表处的高温性能、水稳性能、耐磨耗性能、长期抗滑性能和层间剪切疲劳寿命分别提高约26.8%和36.4%、33.5%和40.0%、33.4%和45.1%、4.7%和6.8%、9.5%和10.4%。研究成果为煤矸石在沥青路面养护技术中应用提供参考。

水蛭冻干粉与微粉的研究进展

水蛭是目前常用的活血化瘀药,其体内含有较高的抗凝血酶活性物质以及多种活性成分,从《神农本草经》开始记载使用,至今已有2000余年的历史,在医学领域有着广阔的应用实践和发展前景。近年来随着对水蛭研究的不断深入,对其药理药效的研究和实践应用的探索越来越多,而水蛭一些有效成分的不耐热性问题和对药材饮片质量提升等方面也越来越被重视,为解决这些矛盾,在炮制方式和药材饮片呈现形式也不断改进创新,水蛭冻干粉和微粉等新型饮片形式应运而生,目前已经在市场上广泛流通并受到认可。本文对水蛭冻干粉及微粉的研究成果进行综述,为水蛭冻干粉及微粉的进一步研究和使用提供参考。

废玻璃粉对泡沫混凝土性能和微观孔结构的影响及其价值工程分析

玻璃研磨成粉后的主要成分与粉煤灰相似,具备潜在的火山灰活性。为提高我国对废弃玻璃的循环利用率,将泡沫混凝土与废玻璃粉结合用于改善泡沫混凝土性能,减少水泥消耗量,提高废玻璃的循环利用率。本文研究了以废玻璃粉作为胶凝材料替代部分水泥,并探究废玻璃粉对泡沫混凝土抗压强度、干密度、干缩率、软化系数等的影响。结果表明:在替代胶凝材料总质量的0%~30%(质量分数,下同)时,废玻璃粉会提高泡沫混凝土的抗压强度;且在废玻璃粉掺量为20%时,泡沫混凝土28、56 d抗压强度达到最大值;而在120 d时,废玻璃粉掺量为30%的泡沫混凝土抗压强度达到最大值。废玻璃粉会降低泡沫混凝土的干缩值,且掺量越大,干缩值的降低程度越大,这有助于解决泡沫混凝土易开裂的问题。废玻璃粉能够明显提高泡沫混凝土的软化系数,便于其在潮湿或水下环境应用。此外,从微观孔结构的角度对废玻璃粉引起的泡沫混凝土力学及耐久性能的变化规律做出解释,最后对废玻璃粉引入泡沫混凝土后的价值进行分析,定量证明了废玻璃粉的环保性和经济性。