High-temperature tribological properties of Ni-P alloy coatings deposited by electro-brush plating

High-temperature tribological properties of Ni-P alloy coatings processed by electro-brush plating on 20CrMo steel have been investigated. A baU-on-disc configuration was employed and 4 mm diameter Si3N4 balls were used as static counterpart. All the wear tests were carried out at 450℃ for 180 rain without lubricants. The electro-brush plating Ni-P coating is amorphous in as-deposited condition, and it becomes polycrystalline with the formation of Ni and Ni3P after heat treatment at 450℃for 1 h. The friction coefficient of the Ni-P coating is just 50% of that of the 20CrMo steel at the friction temperature of 450℃. A mild adhesive wear mechanism was found for the electro-brush plating Ni-P coating tested at 450℃, whereas for the 20CrMo steel at the same temperature a mixed adhesive and abrasive wear mechanism was observed.

Electroless Ni-P plating on Mg-Li alloy by two-step method

Pretreated Mg-Li alloy sheets were pre-plated in a NiCO3？2Ni（OH）2？4H2O solution to form a thin Ni-P alloy film and then plating in a NiSO4？6H2O solution was carried out to obtain a protective coating.The surface morphology,structure and corrosion resistance of the coating were studied.The results showed that a flat,bright and compact plating layer,which was integrated into the matrix metal,was obtained.The P content of the Ni-P coating reached 13.56%（mass fraction）.The hardness value of the Ni-P coating was about HV 549.The polarization curve showed that the corrosion potential of the Ni-P coating reached ？0.249 V（vs SCE）.A long passivation region was found on the polarization curve,and this phenomenon indicated that the coating has an excellent anti-corrosion property.

Electroless plating and growth kinetics of Ni-P alloy film on SiC_p/Al composite with high SiC volume fraction

After Sn/Pd activating, the SiCp/Al composite with 65% SiC (volume fraction) was coated by electroless Ni?P alloy plating. Surface morphology of the composite and its effect on the Ni?P alloy depositing process and bonding action of Ni and P atoms in the Ni?P alloy were studied. The results show that inhomogeneous distribution of the Sn/Pd activating points results in preferential deposition of the Ni?P alloy particles on the Al alloy and rough SiC particle surfaces and in the etched caves. The Ni?P alloy film has an amorphous structure where chemical bonding between Ni and P atoms exists. After a continuous Ni?P alloy film formed, electroless Ni?P alloy plating is not affected by surface morphology and characteristics of the SiCp/Al composite any longer, but by the electroless plating process itself. The Ni?P alloy film follows linear growth kinetics with an activation energy of 68.44 kJ/mol.

Pretreatment-free Ni-P plating on magnesium alloy at low temperatures

Electrochemically promoted electroless plating(EPEP)was used for the application of pretreatment-free Ni-P coating on AM60B magnesium alloy at low temperatures and the obtained coating was characterized by SEM,AFM,EDS and XRD techniques.Compact,uniform,and medium-phosphorus Ni-P coating with mixed crystalline-amorphous microstructure was obtained by applying a cathodic current density of4mA/cm^2at50℃.Also,island-like nickel clusters were deposited on the alloy surface under the same plating condition but without applying the cathodic current.In addition,the durability of the magnesium alloy against corrosion was strongly improved after plating via EPEP technique which was revealed by electrochemical examinations in3.5%NaCl(mass fraction)corrosive electrolyte.The results of the electrochemical examinations were confirmed by microscopic observations.Thickness,microhardness,porosity and adhesive strength of the deposits were also qualified.

Low temperature bonding of LD31 aluminum alloys by electric brush plating Ni and Cu coatings

Soldering of LD31 aluminum alloys using Sn-Pb solder paste after electric brush plating Ni and Cu coatings was investigated. The technology of electric brush plating Ni and Cu was studied and plating solution was developed. The microstructure of the coatings, soldered joint and fracture face were analyzed using optic microscopy, SEM and EDX. The shear strength of soldered joint could reach as high as 26.83MPa. The results showed that reliable soldered joint could be obtained at 230℃, the adhesion of coatings and LD31 aluminum alloy substrate was high enough to bear the thermal process in the soldering.

Investigation on a Non-cyanide Plating Process of Ni-P Coating on Magnesium Alloy AZ91D

In this research we presented a non-cyanide plating process of Ni-P alloy coating on Mg alloy AZ91D. By applying a new process flow of electroless nickel plating in which zinc coating is used as transition of Ni-P coating on Mg alloy AZ91D, the process of copper transition coating plated in the cyanides bath can be replaced. A new bath composed of NiSO4 was established by orthogonal test. The results show that zinc transition coating can increase the adhesion and protect the Mg alloy substrate from the bath corrosion. The optimal plating bath composition is NiSO4·6H2O 20 g/L, NaH2PO2·H2O20g/L and C6H8O7·H2O 2.5 g/L, and optimal bath acidity and optimal plating temperature are pH 4.0 and 95℃, respectively. The present process flow is composed of ultrasonic cleaning→alkaline cleaning→acid pickling→activation→double immersing zinc→electroplating zinc→electroless nickel plating→passivation treatment. The present non-cyanide process of electroless nickel plating is harmless to our surroundings and Ni-P coating on Mg alloy AZ91D produced by present process possesses good adhesion and corrosion resistance.

Electrochemical behavior of Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy after surface modification by electroless plated Ni-P

The electrochemical behavior of Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy (SMA) with andwithout electroless plated Ni-P was investigated by electrochemical methods, in artificial Tyrode'ssolution. The results showed that Cu-Zn-Al SMA engendered dezincification corrosion in Tyrode'ssolution. The anodic active current densities as well as electrochemical dissolution sensitivity ofthe electroless plated Ni-P Cu-Zn-Al SMA increased with NaCl concentration rising, pH of solutiondecreasing and environmental temperature uprising. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that aftersurface modification by electroless plated Ni-P, an amorphous plated film formed on the surface ofCu-Zn-Al SMA. This film can effectively isolate matrix metal from corrosion media and significantlyimprove the electrochemical property of Cu-Zn-Al SMA in artificial Tyrode's solution.

Effect of Rare Earth Elements on Depositing Rate of Nickel Alloy Brush Plating Coatings

The effect of four kinds of rare earth elements on the depositing rate of Ni-based alloy brush plating coatings was investigated. The results indicate that all of the selected rare earth elements increase the depositing rate of Ni-based alloy coatings, and Sm increases the depositing rate most obviously. There is an optimum amount of rare earth addition in the plating solution. With the change of plating voltage to a certain extent, the results reveal no differences. The mechanism of the increase of the depositing rate was analyzed.

XPS study of the corrosion resisting composite alloying layer obtained by double glow plasma with the brush plating Ni interlayer

The Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu multi-element surface alloying with the electric brushplating Ni interlayer on the low carbon steel substrate has been investigated. By theelectrochemical method in 3.5 percent (mass fraction) NaCl solution, the corrosion resistance of thecomposite alloying layer and single alloying layer is determined. The experimental results showthat the corrosion resistance of the composite alloying layer is obviously better than that of thesingle alloying layer. The structure and composition of passive films formed on the two kinds ofalloyed layers after electrochemical tests in 3.5 percent NaCl solution have been studied usingX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is concluded that the double glow plasma surface alloyingof low carbon steel with the electric brush plating Ni interlayer is an appropriate technique toenhance the corrosion resistance compared with the single double glow surface alloying.

Progress of electroplating and electroless plating on magnesium alloy

The current research processes of electroplating and electroless Ni-P alloy plating on magnesium alloys were reviewed. Theoretically,the reason for difficulties in electroplating and electroless plating on magnesium alloys was given.The zinc immersion, copper immersion,direct electroless Ni-P alloy plating and electroplating and electroless plating on magnesium alloys prepared by chemical conversion coating were presented in detail.Especially,the research development of magnesium alloy AZ91 and AZ31 was discussed briefly.Based on the analysis,the existing problems and future research directions were then given.

High-temperature Compressive Performance of Mg Alloy Foams Coated with Ni-P Layer

Mg/Ni hybrid foams were fabricated by the electroless method.The Ni-P(Nickel-Phosphorous)coatings were deposited on the surface of closed-cell Mg alloy foams.The composition,microstructure and phases of the Ni-P coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)and X-ray diffraction(XRD),respectively.The compressive tests were performed on the Mg/Ni hybrid foams at 400℃using the Mg alloy foams as a reference.The experimental results show that the yield strength,plateau stress and energy absorption capacity of the closed-cell Mg alloy foams at high temperature were improved by the Ni-P coating.And there are four main modes for the Mg/Ni hybrid foam failure at 400℃,i e,shearing in cell wall,bending in cell edge,shedding and cracking in Ni-P coating.

电刷镀Ni-P合金工艺及其耐盐雾腐蚀性能研究

对Ni P合金刷镀液的组成和工艺进行了研究 ,同时和纯Ni刷镀层比较 ,研究了两种镀层的耐中性盐雾腐蚀性能 ,并用SEM和EDS对腐蚀前后镀层的表面形貌和成分进行了观察与分析。试验结果表明 :通过该工艺可以获得良好的Ni P合金刷镀层 ,Ni P合金刷镀层的耐中性盐雾 (NSS)腐蚀性能优于Ni刷镀层。

连铸机结晶器电刷镀Ni-P合金强化机理研究

分析了连铸机结晶器的工作特点及失效的原因 ,提出了在结晶器内壁用电刷镀制备Ni- P合金复合耐磨镀层结构 ,并对镀层的强化机理及性能进行了研究。

可溶性阳极电刷镀纳晶Ni-P-SiC复合镀层的耐磨损性能

采用可溶性镍阳极电刷镀方法,在铜片上制备了Ni–P纳晶镀层和Ni–P–SiC复合镀层,镀层表面平整、致密、无裂纹。纳米颗粒的加入没有改变镀层的纳米晶结构,对镀层磷含量影响不大。硬度测试和摩擦磨损试验表明:纳米SiC的加入起到细晶强化和弥散强化作用,可以提高镀层的硬度和耐磨性能;添加纳米颗粒后镀层磨损方式由黏着磨损转变为磨粒磨损。

电刷镀Ni-P合金的研究

研究了电刷镀Ni-P合金镀层的制备工艺,检验了镀层的耐蚀性和硬度等性能。结果表明Ni-P合金镀层具有优良的耐蚀性,并成功地获得了耐磨复合镀层。

聚乙烯亚胺含量对(Ni-P)-纳米Si_3N_4复合刷镀层性能的影响

聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)是一种水溶性的高分子阳离子聚合物表面活性剂,可通过吸附在颗粒周围来阻止纳米颗粒相互接近,使得它们不能相互碰撞、吸引,防止纳米颗粒絮凝、团聚。研究了聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)表面活性剂对刷镀(Ni-P)-纳米Si3N4复合镀层性能及结构的影响,并确定了聚乙烯亚胺表面活性剂在复合刷镀液中的最佳含量。结果表明:聚乙烯亚胺表面活性剂能有效阻止复合刷镀液中颗粒的絮凝、团聚,其用量对复合刷镀层中S i3N4含量、刷镀层硬度及摩擦性能有显著的影响。当其含量为0.8 g/L时,获得了分散均匀、稳定悬浮的复合刷镀液,复合刷镀层微观表面结构致密,微粒分布均匀,摩擦因数最小为0.16,显微硬度最大为HV910。

镀液组成对刷镀(Ni-P)-SiO_2工艺的影响

研究了 (Ni P) SiO2 刷镀液中Ni2 + 离子、NaH2 PO2 、SiO2 微粒、金属盐的比例、温度等因素对刷镀 (Ni P) SiO2 工艺的影响。结果表明 ,在刷镀 (Ni P) SiO2 工艺中 ,选择适当刷镀液组成 ,刷镀层沉积速率和镀层质量明显提高 ,并由此得出了刷镀(Ni P) SiO2

电刷镀非晶态Ni-P合金镀层形貌和结构研究

采用电刷镀工艺制备了NiP合金镀层,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜观察了镀层的表面和截面形貌,采用能谱分析、X射线衍射技术测试和分析了NiP合金镀层中P元素的含量和镀层的组织结构。实验结果表明:通过该电刷镀工艺可以获得非晶态的NiP合金刷镀层。该镀层为柱状组织,镀层表面平整、光滑、致密,但随着刷镀层厚度的不断增加,镀层开始出现微裂纹。

Ni-P-Ce合金体系复合刷镀层沉积行为研究

在Ni-P合金复合刷镀液中,添加稀土Ce3+,可以通过电刷镀沉积出Ni-P-Ce合金镀层,并可提高刷镀层的沉积速度和刷镀液稳定性;稀土化合物CeCl3·7H2O含量在35g/L左右时,刷镀的电流效率及沉积速度高;柠檬酸在Ni-P-Ce刷镀液中既可起稳定剂的作用,又可使Ce3+离子从溶液中电沉积出来。

铝-镁合金材料磨损后刷镀Ni-P合金工艺

研究了铝-镁合金材料表面刷镀Ni-P合金的性能。论述了铝-镁合金材料表面刷镀Ni-P合金的工艺条件;在铝-镁合金材料制做的零部件上刷镀Ni-P合金具有刷镀层硬度高,耐磨性好,解决了铝-镁合金材料表面硬度低,磨损后修复难的问题。